肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的介入综合治疗

伴门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的肝细胞癌(HCC)常见于进展期肝癌,PVTT可引起肿瘤播散、肝功能衰竭和门静脉高压,从而导致顽固性腹水、静脉曲张破裂和肝性脑病,严重影响肝癌患者预后。根据巴塞罗那临床肝癌分期(BCLC),伴PVTT的进展期HCC,索拉非尼被推荐为一线治疗方案,但由于其疗效有限且价格昂贵限制了它在国内的应用。而介入治疗以其微创、可重复性等优点在临床得到广泛应用,并取得一定的疗效。目前主要应用的介入治疗方法包括:经肝动脉灌注化疗术(HAIC)、经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)、TACE联合索拉非尼、TACE联合消融术、TACE联合适形放疗、TACE联合门静脉支架、门静脉粒子条置放术、经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)等。最后指出多种方法综合治疗有望取得较好疗效。     

磁共振成像评价肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗肝细胞癌疗效的价值

肝细胞癌(HCC)病情进展迅速,大多数患者就诊时已为较晚期或合并肝硬化,失去了外科手术治疗的机会,因此介入治疗成为肝癌目前非外科手术治疗的丰要手段.目前介入治疗比较常用的方法之一为肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术(transcatheter anerial chemoembolization,TACE).由于TACE后仪有部分肿瘤组织完全坏死而不能一次性杀火肿瘤细胞,肿瘤易复发,故通常需要多次重复治疗.准确评价手术疗效并早期诊断肿瘤复发对进一步采取相应的治疗措施、提高患者生存率具有重要意义.现对目前磁共振成像(MRI)评价原发性肝癌TACE的疗效作一综述.     

CT灌注成像在原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞术后的临床应用

经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)已成为目前治疗中晚期肝癌的主要手段之一,TACE的直接后果是造成肿瘤局部血供中断或明显减少,使肿瘤局部不同程度缺血和坏死[1].CT灌注成像(CTPI)在定量分析器官及病灶血液动力学的同时还能提供精细的解剖学信息.本研究拟通过对原发性肝癌TACE术后肿瘤存活区CTPI的研究,探讨CTPI在评价肝癌介入治疗的疗效和指导进一步治疗中的价值.     

原发性肝癌

TACE联合PAI治疗原发性肝癌疗效分析,原发性肝癌实时超声造影时间窗的临床研究,原发性肝癌经综合微创治疗后联合细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞灌注的近期疗效观察,原发性肝癌介入治疗前后血清前白蛋白测定的价值,超声引导经皮射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的护理     

肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗乙型肝炎相关性肝癌的预后影响因素

目的通过分析肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗乙型肝炎相关性肝癌的预后影响因素,为临床合理选择适应证及治疗方案提供依据。方法选择自2010年1月到2010年12月在本院行TACE治疗的乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者140例为研究对象,随访截止日期为2011年12月,观察12个月生存情况。采用Kaplan Meier时序检验及对数秩Log Rank(Mantel-Cox)检验进行单因素及多因素分析,筛选TACE治疗的乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者的预后影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示年龄、门静脉转移、腹腔转移、胸腔转移、Child-Pugh分级、胆红素、AST、介入治疗次数、抗病毒治疗对患者预后有影响,TACE联合抗病毒治疗组12个月生存曲线与未抗病毒治疗组有明显差异(P0.05)。多因素分析结果显示门静脉转移(P=0.004)、腹腔转移(P=0.009)、胆红素水平(P=0.017)、抗病毒治疗(P=0.000)、TACE治疗次数(P=0.000)与TACE治疗的乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者的预后相关。结论门静脉转移、腹腔转移、胆红素水平可能为影响TACE治疗的乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者预后的独立危险因素,抗病毒治疗、介入治疗次数可能为保护性因素。     

肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的介入治疗

针对肝癌合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的介入治疗方法,包括化疗栓塞、消融术、放疗、栓塞放疗等。近年来,更多的倾向于根据患者的具体情况,实施个体化的综合治疗。1.肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE) TACE是成熟的、有效的治疗肝癌的方法之一。既往对于肝癌合并PVTT,尤其是门静脉主干癌栓者,因恐诱发肝功能衰竭,TACE被视为禁忌。近年来,有学者认为,PVTT多数     

立体定向放射联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌临床分析

目的探讨立体定向放射治疗联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法单纯TACE治疗58例,TACE联合伽玛刀治疗62例肝癌患者,比较治疗后的近期和远期疗效。结果在治疗后3个月,在单纯TACE治疗的58例患者中,总有效率(CR+PR)为60.3%(35/58),在TACE联合伽玛刀治疗组的62例患者中,总有效率(CR+PR)为79.0%(49/62,P0.01);TACE组治疗后1年、2年和3年生存率分别为67.2%(39/58)、34.5%(20/58)和18.9%(11/58),TACE联合伽玛刀组分别为72.6%(45/62)、41.9%(26/62)和22.6%(14/62)。结论立体定向放射治疗联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌是治疗肝癌安全有效的方法,可以提高患者的生存率。     

介入治疗原发性肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓66例的临床分析

目的探讨介入治疗原发性肝癌(hepatic cell carcinoma,HCC)合并门静脉癌栓(portal vein tumor thrombus,PVTT)的临床疗效与安全性。方法收集第三军医大学大坪医院收治的66例HCC患者,按照随机数字表法分为联合治疗组和经导管动脉化疗检塞术(TACE)治疗组。联合治疗组采用TACE联合门静脉化疗(PVC)治疗,TACE治疗组采用单独TACE治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果治疗半年后联合治疗组治疗的有效率和PVTT缩小率分别为72.73%和78.79%,显著高于TACE治疗组的63.64%和51.52%(P0.05)。联合治疗组患者的中位生存时间及半年、1年、2年生存率均较TACE治疗组高(P0.05)。1个月后联合治疗组的毒副反应发生率为36.36%,显著低于TACE治疗组的81.82%(P0.05)。治疗半年后联合治疗组和TACE治疗组的AFP分别为(425.36±113.32)IU/ml和(725.32±113.32)IU/ml(P0.05)。结论 TACE联合PVC治疗HCC合并PVTT可提高中、晚期HCC患者治疗的有效率,改善患者的生存质量,还可降低抗癌药所产生的毒副反应和AFP水平。     

重组人血管内皮抑制素联合介入治疗肝细胞型肝癌的疗效及安全性

目的探讨重组人血管内皮抑制素（恩度）联合介入治疗肝细胞型肝癌的有效性及安全性。方法经组织学或临床诊断的肝细胞型肝癌患者40例,随机分为恩度联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）组和单纯TACE组各20例,均接受至少2个周期治疗,比较治疗前后两组疗效、血液AFP水平、肝外转移和不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后两组疗效、血液AFP水平、不良反应情况比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组术后1年肝外转移发生率比较具有统计学意义（P=0．035）。结论恩度联合TACE治疗肝细胞性肝癌不良反应无明显增加,但可有效地减少肿瘤的转移。     

明胶海绵微粒TACE联合乌苯美司胶囊治疗肝癌的临床研究

目的观察新型明胶海绵微粒经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合乌苯美司胶囊治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法 2010年6～12月,我院应用新型明胶海绵微粒(350～560μm)行TACE联合乌苯美司胶囊治疗原发性肝癌患者25例,20例单纯行TACE治疗,观察两组生活质量变化、用药期间不良反应及疗效。结果随访6～12个月、平均10.6个月,实验组总缓解率(88%)及获益率(96%)均高于对照组(60%、75%),P<0.05。实验组患者生活质量改善有效率(92%)高于对照组(65%),P<0.05;行TACE次数(1.3±5.6)少于对照组(2.8±7.4),P<0.05。两组不良反应无统计学差异。结论明胶海绵微粒TACE治疗原发性肝癌疗效确切,联合乌苯美司胶囊有望进一步提高患者远期疗效。     

肝癌介入治疗的现状与展望

介入治疗已成为中期肝癌首选的治疗方法。随着技术的进步,载药微球、放射微球等已应用于临床,并取得了较好的疗效。对目前已有的介入治疗方法及存在的问题进行分析总结,认为联合治疗能使肝癌患者获益更大,规范化的介入治疗是未来的发展方向。     

肝癌微创介入治疗进展

原发性肝癌的治疗方法一直是许多学者研究的重点,近年来尽管新兴治疗方法层出不穷,但由于病变多发生于进展期肝病或肝硬化的基础上,因此目前原发性肝癌仍然是一种难治性恶性肿瘤。在治疗方面,外科手术切除及肝移植虽是根治性治疗方法,但由于移植相关问题的复杂性及原发性肝癌本身的隐匿性,使得上述两种治疗方法并不能适用于大多数患者。近些年,随着设备和技术水平的提高,原发性肝癌的微创介入治疗得到了越来越多的重视,其中应用最为广泛的就是肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)和组织消融术(TA)。该文主要讨论上述两种介入疗法联合应用治疗原发性肝癌的有效性、可行性,以及近年来介入治疗在原发性肝癌治疗领域的研究进展。     

Management of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract   Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and difficult-to-treat malignant tumor. Surgical interventions are feasible in only a small proportion of patients, and non-surgical therapy has been frequently administered to patients with inoperable HCC. Various modalities of loco-regional therapy have gained much interest during the past decade. Among them, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), percutaneous injection of ethanol (PEI) or acetic acid (PAI), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) are effective treatment options. TACE can target multiple hypervascular tumors but has the potential risk of inducing hepatic or renal failure. PEI is a well-established method for small (< 3 cm) HCC, and PAI has the advantage over PEI as being more effective with fewer treatment sessions. RFA has excellent tumor ablation ability, and has been extended to treat medium- or large-sized HCC. However, the overall complication rate may be higher than previously assumed. MCT is similar to RFA in its clinical application and adverse effects. Although combination therapy often achieves a higher response rate, the side-effects may also be additive. Other therapies, such as injection of hot saline or yttrium-90 microspheres, interstitial laser photocoagulation and cryoablation are seldom used nowadays. Thalidomide may be useful in a minority of HCC patients, whereas radiotherapy, chemotherapy and tamoxifen are generally ineffective. In conclusion, although long-term survival in patients with inoperable HCC is possible in selected patients, the overall prognosis remains unsatisfactory, especially in those with aggressive tumor behavior. Newer antitumor therapy with better treatment efficacy is urgently needed. Information of the design for a more comprehensive approach using the existing therapeutic options may help refine the treatment strategy.     

Interventional treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The Barcelona clinic liver cancer classification is the current standard classification system for the clinical management of patients with HCC and suggests that patients with intermediate-stage HCC benefit from transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE). Interventional treatments such as TACE, balloon-occluded TACE, drug-eluting bead embolization, radioembolization, and combined therapies including TACE and radiofrequency ablation, continue to evolve, resulting in improved patient prognosis. However, patients with advanced-stage HCC typically receive only chemotherapy with sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, or palliative and conservative therapy. Most patients receive palliative or conservative therapy only, and approximately 50% of patients with HCC are candidatesfor systemic therapy. However, these patients require therapy that is more effective than sorafenib or conservative treatment. Several researchers try to perform more effective therapies, such as combined therapies(TACE with radiotherapy and sorafenib with TACE), modified TACE for HCC with arterioportal or arteriohepatic vein shunts, TACE based on hepatic hemodynamics, and isolated hepatic perfusion. This review summarizes the published data and data on important ongoing studies concerning interventional treatments for unresectable HCC and discusses the technical improvements in these interventions, particularly for advanced-stage HCC.     

体部伽玛刀与三维适形放射治疗原发性肝癌临床疗效比较

目的比较肝动脉介入栓塞化疗(TACE)联合伽玛刀治疗与TACE联合三维适形放射治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)的疗效。方法将50例不能手术的Ⅱa或Ⅱb期HCC患者根据患者意愿和适应证分为TACE+伽玛刀治疗组(A组)25例与TACE+三维适形放射治疗组(B组)25例,两组一般情况无统计学差异。A组先行TACE(40%碘化油+CPDD+5-FU+EADM)治疗2～3次后,再进行体部伽玛刀放射治疗。B组先行2～3次TACE治疗后,再行加速器适形放射治疗。结果治疗后3个月评价疗效,A组RR率(CR+PR)为84%(21/25),1、2、3年生存率分别为76%,45.9%,20.44%。B组的RR率为56%(14/25),与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组1、2、3年生存率分别为79.6%,30.2%,12.6%,与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与TACE联合适形放射治疗相比,TACE联合伽玛刀治疗HCC具有较高的近期有效率,而两种治疗的1、2、3年生存期差异无统计学意义。     

p53 gene therapy in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for HCC: one-year follow-up

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with recombinant adenovirus p53 injection (rAdp53) and transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:A total of 82 patients with advanced HCC treated only with TACE served as control group.Another 68 patients with HCC treated with TACE in combination with recombinant adenovirus-p53 injection served as p53 treatment group.Patients were followed up for 12 mo.Safety and therapeutic effec...     

原发性肝细胞癌介入治疗的现状与进展

临床对原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)的治疗已取得了长足进步,其中以介入放射学为主的综合治疗在整个治疗中占据重要地位.HCC的介入治疗方法主要包括以肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)为代表的血管内介入治疗和以局部消融为主的非血管介入治疗,而介入结合靶向治疗更进一步丰富了HCC介入治疗的内涵.本文将分别从HCC介入治疗的不同方法、原理、...     

肝细胞癌的综合介入治疗

肝细胞癌（HCC）是世界范围内第五大常见肿瘤,每年新增病例超过50万。由于HCC早期症状隐匿,大多数患者在确诊时已是中晚期,失去了接受治愈性治疗的机会。而中晚期HCC患者由于肝功能损伤及肿瘤进展致预后很差,目前,以肝动脉栓塞化疗术（TACE）为主的综合介入治疗已成为中晚期HCC的主要治疗方式。本文就HCC的综合介入治疗的最新进展综述如下。     

Individualized treatment models based on blood supply characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma using color Doppler hemodynamics

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated the long-term efficacy of the combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using cisplatin-lipiodol suspension, transultrasonic portal vein chemoembolization (SPVE), radiofrequency ablation (RF), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for treatment of advanced small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODOLOGY: A total of three hundred and eighteen patients with HCC were enrolled in this study. According to the blood supply characteristics to the tumor, individual combined therapy models were adopted: one hundred and fifty-nine patients with HCC less than 5 cm were treated with a combination of RF and PEI (RF/PEI group) and one hundred and one patients with HCC greater than 5cm were treated with a combination of TACE, RF and PEI (TACE/RF/PEI group). One hundred and eleven HCC nodules confirmed to be hypervascular by color Doppler flow imaging were treated with a combination of TACE, RF, SPVE and PEI (TACE/ RF/SPVE/PEI group). RESULTS: The combination treatment of RF and PEI (RF/PEI group), the TACE/RF/PEI group, TACE/ RF/SPVE/PEI group, the 1-year survival rates and the 3-year survival rates were 97.3% and 82.4%; 73.5% and 44.9%; 74.1% and 37.9%, respectively; The vanishing rate of blood flow around and within the tumor, the tumor size decrease rate, AFP transformed to negative rate, were significantly raised compared to those in the TACE treatment only group. CONCLUSIONS: The individual combined therapy models combination of TACE, PEI, SPVE, RF appears to prolong survival, compared with one treatment alone (TACE). This combination therapy method is an effective way for treating HCC, and color Doppler can provide important information to verify the therapeutic effects.     

Transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging system

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the fifth most common cancer that predominantly occurs in liver cirrhosis patients,requires staging systems to design treatments. The barcelona clinic liver cancer staging system(BCLC) is the most commonly used HCC management guideline. For BCLC stage B(intermediate HCC),transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) is the standard treatment. Many studies support the use of TACE in early and advanced HCC patients. For BCLC stage 0(very early HCC),TACE could be an alternative for patients unsuitable for radiofrequency ablation(RFA) or hepatic resection. In patients with BCLC stage A,TACE plus RFA provides better local tumor control than RFA alone. TACE can serve as bridge therapy for patients awaiting liver transplantation. For patients with BCLC B,TACE provides survival benefits compared with supportive care options. However,because of the substantial heterogeneity in the patient population with this stage,a better patient stratification system is needed to select the best candidates for TACE. Sorafenib represents the first line treatment in patients with BCLC C stage HCC. Sorafenib plus TACE has shown a demonstrable effect in delaying tumor progression. Additionally,TACE plus radiotherapy has yielded better survival in patients with HCC and portal venous thrombosis. Considering these observations together,TACE clearly has a critical role in the treatment of HCC as a stand-alone or combination therapy in each stage of HCC. Diverse treatment modalities should be used for patients with HCC and a better patient stratification system should be developed to select the best candidates for TACE.