2016年宁夏肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析

目的 分析宁夏2016年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。方法 利用宁夏恶性肿瘤病例报告登记系统收集2016年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料,经质量审核后按地区、性别分层,计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率及前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位、构成等情况。结果 2016年宁夏恶性肿瘤发病率为231.23/10万(男性246.33/10万,女性217.59/10万),中标率183.36/10万,世标率179.37/10万。发病率城市高于农村,男性高于女性,乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、肝癌和子宫颈癌是宁夏常见的恶性肿瘤。宁夏恶性肿瘤死亡率为115.10/10万(男性147.38/10万,女性85.93/10万),中标率88.61/10万,世标率87.16/10万。死亡率农村高于城市,男性高于女性,肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和食管癌是宁夏常见恶性肿瘤死亡原因。近80%恶性肿瘤发病和90%恶性肿瘤死亡均发生在50岁及以上人群。结论 宁夏恶性肿瘤标化发病率低于去年全国平均水平,但高于全国西部水平,乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、肝癌和子宫颈癌等是宁夏高发癌种,应针对重点癌种、50岁及以上高危人群开展综合防治和相关研究工作。     

Cancer incidence in Karachi, Pakistan: first results from Karachi Cancer Registry

No cancer incidence data from Pakistan have been published in the 5 decades since independence. Incidence data for the period 1995-1997 from the population of the Karachi South district (1.7 million) are presented here. A total of 4,268 new cancer cases were registered during this period: 2,160 cases in males and 2,108 cases in females. Overall, 95.3% of the incident cases were microscopically verified. The incidence rates for all cancers combined were 80.5 per 100,000 (crude) and 136.7 per 100,000 (age- standardised rates [ASR]) for males and 91.8 (crude) and 163.2 per 100,000 (ASR) for females. In males, lung cancer (ASR 20.3) was the most frequently recorded malignancy followed by oral cavity (ASR 13.8) and larynx cancer (ASR 8.6). In females, breast was the most common site of cancer, accounting for one third of female cancers (ASR 51.7), followed by oral cavity (ASR 14.1) and ovarian cancer (ASR 10.2). Karachi reports the highest incidence of breast cancer for any Asian population, except Jews in Israel. Tobacco smoking is estimated to be responsible for 40% of cancers in males and tobacco chewing for a further substantial proportion of head and neck cancers.     

Incidence in Izmir in 1993-1994: first results from Izmir Cancer Registry

A population-based cancer registry, covering the province of Izmir (population 2.7 million, 1993-1994) in Western Turkey was established in 1992. Results for 1993-1994 are presented. Overall cancer incidence was higher in males than in females (age-standardised rates 157.5 and 94.0 per 100000, respectively), as in previous non-population-based series. The principal cancers in males were tobacco-related - lung (age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) 61.6), bladder (ASR 11.0) and larynx (ASR 10.6), consistent with the high prevalence of smoking, and use of traditional high-tar tobaccos. Skin cancers were also relatively common (ASR 11.5 for cancers excluding melanoma). Gastrointestinal cancers were relatively rare. In women, breast cancer was by far the most common malignancy (ASR 24.4); cervical cancer was relatively rare (ASR 5.4). There is probably an underestimate of incidence, due to an inability to use data from certain sources (e.g. death certificates), resulting in a rather high proportion of histologically verified cases (93.7% overall). Nevertheless, the overall profile is an accurate reflection of incidence in this region of Turkey and provides much of the information required for planning strategies to control cancer.     

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Qidong, China, 1978-2002

A population-based cancer registry was established in Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China, in 1972, and the trends in incidence rates of the major cancer sites have been analyzed for a 25-year period, 1978-2002. Five-year age-specific rates, crude incidence rates, world age-standardized rates (ASR), percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated using annual data on population size, and estimates of its age structure. The indices of histological verification of diagnosis, death certificate only and proportion of mortality to incidence were employed for assessing the registration quality. A total of 51,933 incident cases of cancer were registered in Qidong from years 1978 to 2002, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.9:1. Crude incidence increased markedly over the 25-year period (PC and APC of +55.6% and +2.1%, respectively), but ASR showed a slight decrease (-0.4% in males, and -0.3% in females), indicating that the major part of this is due to population ageing. The leading cancer sites in rank were liver (average ASR = 50.8 per 100,000), stomach (26.7), lung (22.7), colon-rectum (8.9), oesophagus (7.4) and breast (5.4). Cancers of liver, lung, colon-rectum and female breast all showed increases in incidence during the study period, with APCs (ASR) of +0.1%, +1.7% and +1.4% for males, and +0.2%, +0.9%, +1.9% and +1.1% for females, while the cancers of stomach (APC: -3.2% in male, and --2.4% in female) and cervix (APC: -4.7%) showed notable declines. Examination of age-specific rates showed declining trends in the younger generations for liver cancer, but increases for cervix cancer. The results underline the increasing importance of cancer as a cause of mortality and morbidity in a population that is ageing and undergoing profound changes in socioeconomic development and lifestyle. The cancers of high lethality that have been common in the Chinese population (liver, stomach, oesophagus) are showing some evidence of decline, at least in younger generations, but they remain major problems. At the same time, the cancers associated with economically "developed" societies -- lung, colon-rectum and female breast -- are showing increases. The population-based cancer registry is an indispensable tool for providing data for planning and evaluation of programmes for cancer control in all societies.     

Population‐based breast (female) and cervix cancer rates in the Gambia: Evidence of ethnicity‐related variations

Since 1987, the Gambia National Cancer Registry has provided nationwide cancer registration for the Gambia. We used data from 1998 to 2006 to assess age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of 2 common cancers in women, breast and cervix. With an ASR of 15.42 (95% CI [14.18–16.66]) for cervix and 5.86 (95% CI [5.12–6.59]) for breast per 10⁵ person‐years, these cancers ranked first and third, respectively, among Gambian women (the second most common being liver, ASR 14.90). Incidence of both cancers, breast and cervix, increased rapidly at young ages to reach a peak at ages 40–44 years. Significant differences were observed in relation to ethnicity. Using the Mandinka (42% of the population) as a reference, breast cancer incidence rates were 2.16‐fold higher (95% CI [1.33–3.52]) in Jola (10% of the population), specially at early‐onset ages (before 40 years). For cervix cancer, highest rates were observed in Fula (18% of the population; risk ratio (RR): 1.84 (95% CI [1.44–2.36])). In contrast, a significantly lower risk was observed in the Serrahuleh (9% of the population; RR: 0.54 (95% CI [0.31–0.96]). This study revealed a preponderance of early‐onset breast cancer among Gambian women similar to that seen in African women in more developed countries but also demonstrates large ethnic variations. It points to the need for further studies on cancer determinants to improve prevention, early detection and therapeutic management of these diseases in a low‐resource setting in West Africa.     

Cancer Incidences in Rural Delhi - 2004-05

There are no data available on cancer incidence pattern in rural Delhi. This is the first report on cancerincidence among Delhi Rural population during 2004-05 which gives the first hand information on cancerincidence. The data for this report has been collected by Delhi Population based cancer registry. The sources forcancer registration are more than 162 Government Hospitals/centers and 250 private hospitals and nursinghomes. A total of 594 cancer cases with 317 males and 277 females were registered during the period 1st January2004 to 31st December 2005. The age adjusted (world population) incidence rates for all sites were 55.2 per100,000 for males and 47.7 per 100,000 for females. The leading sites of cancer among Delhi Rural males wasoral cavity (ASR: 8.0 per 100000) followed by lung (ASR: 6.5), larynx (ASR: 4.0) and bladder (ASR: 4.1). Infemales cervix uteri (ASR: 10.3 per 100,000) was the most common site of cancer followed by breast (ASR: 7.8),gallbladder (ASR: 3.5) and ovary (ASR: 3.3). The overall incidence rates of cancer in Delhi Rural werecomparatively very less than Delhi Urban. A statistically significant difference was also found between DelhiRural and Delhi Urban in incidence rates (ASR) for first four common sites. The rates in Delhi Rural are alsocomparatively lower than other rural registries situated in India.     

Cancer Incidences in Urban Delhi - 2001-05

The Delhi Population based cancer registry collects data on new cancer cases diagnosed among Delhi urbanresident population. The sources for cancer registration are more than 162 government hospitals/centers and250 private hospitals and nursing homes. During the period 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2005 a total of54,554 cases were registered of which 28,262 were males and 26,292 were females. The age adjusted (worldpopulation) incidence rates were 116.9 per 100,000 for males and 116.7 per 100,000 for females. The leading sitesof cancer among Delhi males was lung (ASR: 13.8 per 100,000) followed by oral cavity (ASR:11.4), prostate(ASR:9.0) and larynx (ASR:7.9). In females, breast (ASR: 30.2 per 100,000) was the most common site ofcancer, followed by cervix uteri (ASR:17.5), ovary (ASR:8.5) and gallbladder (ASR:7.4). The incidence of prostatecancer in males and ovary cancer in females in Delhi were the highest among the Indian registries, while larynxamong males was the second highest and the gallbladder cancer in females was the highest among Indianmetropolitan cities.     

Leads to cancer control based on cancer patterns in a rural population in South India

Objective: Cancer patterns and incidence rates for a rural population (359,674) resident in 384 villages spread over 2058 km² in Palani and Oddanchathram taluks of Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, in South India, are described in this paper. Methods: A population-based cancer registry was established in 1995 to register incident invasive and in-situ cancers. Cases were found and details abstracted by cancer registry staff visiting 26 data sources, comprising cancer hospitals, tertiary and secondary care hospitals, pathology laboratories and death registration offices. A customized version of CANREG-3 software was used for data entry and analysis. Results: During the period 1996–1998, 783 invasive cancers (310 male and 473 females) were registered, yielding an all-cancer crude incidence rate of 56.8/100,000 males and 88.5/100,000 females; the corresponding age standardized incidence rates (ASR) were 83.3 and 122.3 respectively. In males, mouth cancer (ASR 11.5) was the most frequently recorded malignancy followed by tongue (ASR 8.6), hypopharynx (ASR 7.8), esophagus (ASR 7.8) and larynx (ASR 7.8). Thus head and neck cancers accounted for half of the male cases. In females, cervical cancer (ASR 65.4) accounted for more than half of the cancers followed by breast (ASR 14.2) and mouth (ASR 10.2). Ambillikai Cancer Registry (ACR) reports the second highest incidence of cervical cancer in the world. More than four-fifths of cervical cancer cases were diagnosed in stages II B and III B; a third of these cancer patients either did not have, or did not complete, treatment. Conclusions: The observed cancer patterns in this population establish that measures directed at prevention and early detection (linked with treatment) of cervix and head and neck cancers are of paramount importance for cancer control in this and other rural populations of India where three-fourths of the total population live.     

Declining incidence of esophageal cancer in the Turkmen Plain, eastern part of the Caspian Littoral of Iran: a retrospective cancer surveillance

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that upper gastrointestinal cancers are the most common cancers in Caspian Littoral, and rate of esophageal cancer (EC) in Iranian Turkmens residing in the Eastern part of littoral are among the highest in the world. Our aim was to reassess the rate 30 years later and following socioeconomic changes in the region. METHODS: A comprehensive retrospective search was undertaken to find all new cancer cases during the 1996-2000 period. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathological reports in 68.2%, clinical and/or radiological evidence in 29.7% and death certificate only (DCO) in 2.1% of the cases. RESULTS: A total of 5143 new cancer cases were registered of whom 3063 (59.6%) were males. The median (IQR) age was 60 (44-69) years. Age-standardized rates (ASR) for all cancers in males and females were 134.7 and 104.5 per 100,000, respectively. Based on ASR, the top five common cancers in males (excluding skin cancer) were cancers of esophagus (43.4), stomach (27.8), colorectal (10.7), bladder (7.8) and oral cavity (6.3), while in females cancer of esophagus (36.3) was followed by cancers of breast (15.7), stomach (8.3) colorectal (6.6) and cervix (3.6). CONCLUSION: We conclude that EC incidence rate has decreased to less than half the rate reported 30 years ago, while the incidence rates of colorectal and breast cancers have increased significantly.     

Five Years Cancer Incidence in Aden Cancer Registry,Yemen(2002-2006)

The population-based Aden Cancer Registry (ACR) started its activities in 1997. The objective of the registryis to establish a reliable magnitude of cancer in the area covered and the first report was published in 2003. Thepresent article describes data from the second report of cancer incidence over a five year period (2002-2006).Internationally accepted standardized cancer registration methodologies described by IACR and IARC wereused. CanReg-4 using ICDO-3 and ICD-10 were applied in the data processing and analysis. Results showed nodifference in the overall incidence between the males and females (ratio was 0.83:1) and age standardized rates(ASR) per 100,000 inhabitants were 30.2 and 31.1. The five most common cancers were breast cancer, leukemia,non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NH lymphoma), brain cancer and Hodgkin’s disease (16.6%, 12.6%, 7.8%, 5.2%and 4.4%, respectively). Among males, leukemia was the first followed by NH lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease,brain and liver. In females, breast was the first, then leukemia, NH lymphoma, thyroid and brain cancer. Thehighest ASR for males (145 per 100,00 inhabitants) was observed at age 70-74 years whereas for females, twopeaks (each 105 per 100,000 inhabitants) were equally noticed at age 60-64 and 70-74 years. Generally, femalesshowed equal or higher incidence compared to males until age 55-59 where males reported higher incidence.The overall pattern of cancer incidence in this report is not much different from that in the previous report.Furthermore, the report generally indicates that the pattern of the most common registered cancer bears somesimilarities with the adjacent Gulf Cooperation Council States with which we share many charactristics, despitedifferences that warrant further invistigation.     

Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia: 2012 Data from the Saudi Cancer Registry

Background: In order to most appropriately allocate healthcare and research funding for cancer, it is important to have accurate population-based incidence data. The Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) provides such information, covering the time period from 1994 to the present day. The current report concerns an overview of cancer incidence statistics for Saudi Arabia in 2012. Methods: The SCR collects data from healthcare facilities throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All newly diagnosed cases of cancer are recorded, with information on site and histology. For the present report, age-standardised and age-specific incidence rates (ASR, AIR, respectively) were calculated, with attention to gender-specific and regional differences. Results: The total number of incident cases of cancer identified by the SCR in 2012 was 14,336, with 6,791 (47.5%) among males and 7,545 (52.6%) among females. Of this total, 11,034 cases (76.9%) occurred in patients of Saudi origin. For Saudi males, the overall ASR (inc. all cancer sites) was 78.1 per 100,000 people, while that for females was 86.7. Incidence varied by region, with the Eastern region and Riyadh displaying the highest ASRs for both males and females, and Hail and Jazan displaying the lowest. Incidence varied by gender, with colorectal cancer (13.3%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; 8.4%), and leukaemia (8.2%) being the most common types in males, and breast (25.8%), thyroid (11.7%), and colorectal cancers (9.3%) being the most common in females. Conclusions: This analysis of cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia demonstrated significant differences according to gender, age, and region of the Kingdom. The data should help ensure the most appropriate allocation of resources, with the aim of minimising the healthcare burden associated with cancer.     

2014年广西肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析

目的 分析广西肿瘤登记地区2014年恶性肿瘤登记资料,评估广西恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。 方法 按照全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准,选取广西9个肿瘤登记地区上报的发病、死亡和人口数据进行汇总分析,按地区（城乡）、性别、年龄别、肿瘤别分层分析广西恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。人口标准化率计算以全国2000年人口普查的人口结构和Segi's世界人口结构为标准。 结果 2014年纳入分析的9个肿瘤登记地区（其中地级以上城市3个,县及县级市6个）。覆盖人口6 934 753人,其中城市人口2 251 773人,农村人口4 682 980人;恶性肿瘤新发病例16 213例,死亡9 909例;病理学诊断比例（MV%）为56.92%,只有死亡医学证明书比例（DCO%）为0.68%,死亡发病比（M/I）为0.61。恶性肿瘤发病率为233.79 /10 万（其中男性262.21/10万,女性202.81/10 万）,中标发病率为192.11/10 万,世标发病率为187.06/10 万,累积发病率（0~ 74 岁）为21.29%。城市地区发病率为264.86/10 万,中标发病率为205.88/10 万;农村地区发病率为218.86/10 万,中标发病率为186.65/10 万。恶性肿瘤死亡率为142.89/10 万（其中男性185.30/10万,女性96.66/10 万）,中标死亡率为112.92/10 万,世标死亡率为111.66/10 万,累积死亡率（0~74 岁）为12.71%;城市地区死亡率为147.84/10 万,中标死亡率为112.51/10 万;农村地区死亡率为140.51/10 万,中标死亡率为114.41/10 万。发病前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、子宫肿瘤、食管癌和卵巢癌,占全部新发病例的77.54%。死亡前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、鼻咽癌、宫颈癌、白血病和脑瘤,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡报告病例的82.53%。 结论 广西肿瘤登记地区常见的发病与死亡恶性肿瘤是肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胃癌,肝癌和鼻咽癌是广西恶性肿瘤防治的重点癌种,女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤亦应加以关注并采取相关防治措施。     

Epidemiology of head and neck cancer in Thailand

Cancer is the most common cause of death in Thailand, with the mortality almost doubled during 1998–2011 (from 48.4 to 95.2 per 100 000). The estimated number of new cancer cases in 2011 was 112 392. Our review provides baseline data on the current epidemiological situation with head and neck (HN) cancer in Thailand based on reports of the National Cancer Registry and findings from local and international publications. Collectively, HN cancer approaches age‐standardized rate (ASR) incidence of 15.7 and 10.7 per 100 000 males and females, respectively, and is ranked among the top five dominant cancers in Thailand. The leading HN malignancies in men are oral (ASR incidence 4.6 per 100 000), nasopharyngeal (ASR 2.8) and laryngeal (ASR 2.7) cancers, while the most common cancers in women are thyroid (ASR 5.1) and oral (ASR 3.2) carcinomas. Some local habits (betel quid chewing, traditional cigarette smoking and alcohol intake) are associated with the high incidence of oral cancer in Northeast Thailand. Despite important prognostic significance, the role of human papillomavirus infection in various HN cancers from Thailand has been scarcely addressed. There is a growing incidence of thyroid cancer over the last two decades. The Thai population overall, compared to worldwide rates of HN malignancies, has a lower incidence of laryngeal and thyroid cancers but higher incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer.     

The incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2010

To estimate the cancer incidences and mortalities in China in 2010, the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） of China evaluated data for the year of 2010 from 145 qualified cancer registries covering 158,403,248 people （92,433,739 in urban areas and 65,969,509 in rural areas）. The estimates of new cancer cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010, respectively. The percentage of morphologically verified cases were 67.11%; 2.99% of incident cases were identified through death certification only, with the mortality to incidence ratio of 0.61. The crude incidence was 235.23/100,000 （268.65/100,000 in males and 200.21/100,000 in females）. The age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population （ASR China） and by world standard population （ASR world） were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence （0-74 years old） of 21.11%. The crude cancer mortality was 148.81/100,000 （186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females）. The ASR China and ASR world were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative mortality of 12.78%. Lung, breast, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal, and cervical cancers were the most common cancers. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers were the leading causes of cancer deaths. The coverage of cancer registration has rapidly increased in China in recent years and may reflect more accurate cancer burdens among populations living in different areas. Given the increasing cancer burden in the past decades, China should strengthen its cancer prevention and control.     

Annual cancer incidence rates for Hispanics in the United States: surveillance, epidemiology, and end results, 1992-1996

BACKGROUND: The expansion of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and the determination of annual population estimates by county level for different racial/ethnic groups since 1990 allow the calculation of annual cancer incidence rates for Hispanics. METHODS: Incidence rates were calculated for 11 SEER areas representing 25% of the Hispanic population. Standard regression analyses of log-transformed rates were used to determine the trends of the rates. RESULTS: An important measure of the cancer burden among Hispanics is the rank order of their cancers. For Hispanic males, the five major cancers (in declining order) are prostate, lung and bronchus, colon/rectum, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and stomach cancers. For Hispanic females, the top five cancers are breast, colon/rectum, lung and bronchus, cervix, and endometrial cancers. Another measure of cancer burden is their rates relative to white non-Hispanics. Hispanic males have rates greater than white non-Hispanic males for stomach (1.6 times greater) and liver and IBD cancers (2.2), whereas Hispanic females have greater rates for cervix (2.2 times greater), liver and IBD (2.0), stomach (2.1), and gallbladder cancers (3.3). Other measures of cancer burden include the trends in Hispanic rates. Hispanic males have significant declining trends for all sites, prostate cancer, and urinary bladder cancer, and an increasing trend for liver and IBD cancers. Hispanic females have significant declining trends for cervix and urinary bladder cancers. CONCLUSIONS: The SEER cancer incidence rates and trends provide a general overview of the cancer burden among Hispanics residing in the SEER sites. This type of information is critical for determining interventions to reduce the cancer burden among Hispanics in the United States.     

2008~2012年辽宁省鞍山市城区恶性肿瘤的发病分析

[目的]了解鞍山城区2008～2012年恶性肿瘤的发病情况,为制定恶性肿瘤的综合防治措施提供科学依据.[方法]收集鞍山市肿瘤登记处2008～2012年恶性肿瘤的发病资料,计算恶性肿瘤的发病率、标化发病率、年龄别发病率和构成比等指标.标化率采用2000年全国人口普查标准人口和Segi's世界标准人口为标准.[结果]2008～2012年鞍山城区恶性肿瘤粗发病率为333.1/10万,中标率为200.7/10万,世标率为195.0/10万,截缩率(35～64岁)为326.7/10万,累积率(0～74岁)为21.8％.男性发病率高于女性(男性世标率为212.7/10万,女性世标率为180.4/10万).男性恶性肿瘤发病前10位为肺、结直肠、肝、胃、食管、膀胱、胰腺、肾、脑和神经系统、前列腺,占全部恶性肿瘤的81.9％.女性恶性肿瘤发病前10位为乳腺、肺、结直肠、宫颈、肝、胃、卵巢、子宫体、胰腺、脑和神经系统,占全部恶性肿瘤的81.8％.[结论]肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、胃癌、宫颈癌等是威胁鞍山市城区居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤,要积极控制危险因素,加强防控.     

Cancer Occurrence in Semnan Province,Iran: Results of a Population-Based Cancer Registry

Introduction: suitable information of different cancers in special geographic areas can help define medical ‍programs for treatment and screening of high-risk groups. ‍Aims and Methods: The provincial health authority reported a high mortality rate from upper GI cancer in the ‍center of Iran. A comprehensive search was undertaken to survey and register all cases of cancer during a 5-year ‍(1998-2002) period among the indigenous population of Semnan Province. Diagnosis of cancer was based on ‍histopathology, clinical or radiological findings, and death certificates. ‍Results: A total of 1732 patients with cancers (mean age 59.41%+19.08% years) were found during the study. Of ‍these, 936(54.86%) were in males. Crude rates were 124.8/100’000 and 112.1/100,000 for males and females, ‍respectively. Age-standardized ratios (ASRs) for all cancers in males and females were 156/100’000 and 136/100,000 ‍person-year, respectively. Gastric cancer was the most common tumor with an incidence rate of 19.7 per 100,000 ‍people (ASR=27.5). In upper gastrointestinal cancers, gastric cancer was the most common (47.17%), followed by ‍colon malignancies (8.1%, 9.5 per 100,000 populations), esophagus (6.8%, 7.9 per 100,000 populations), liver (2.4%, ‍and 2.8 per 100,000 populations). In women, breast, uterine and ovary, stomach and skin were the most common ‍cancers. In the child population the most common tumors were of the brain, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and bone. ‍Conclusion: Gastric cancer alone constitutes one-sixth of all cancers in Semnan, with the highest ASR incidence ‍rate reported from Iran up to now.     

Temporal Trends of Cancer Incidence in Vietnam, 1993-2007

Purpose: There is a lack of an overview of overall and site-specific cancer incidence time trends in Vietnam,especially for the period after the year 2000. This paper aims at describing the development of cancer incidencefor some cancer sites during 1993-2007. Methods: The Age Standardized Rate (ASR) of cancer incidence datafrom population based cancer registries of Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh and Cantho cities were used to analyze temporarytrends of cancer incidence by site, age and sex group. Results: The ASR of cancer incidence increased from151.1/105 in the period 1993-1998 to 160.0/105 in the period 2006-2007 for males and from 106.8/105 to 143.9/105for females. By age, the highest ASR was found in the group of 75+ years in males and between 70-74 yearsin females, with ASRs of 1,109/105 and 619/105, respectively (2006-2007). Lung remains the most frequent site,followed by stomach and liver in males. In females, the most commonly affected site has shifted from cervixuteri in 1993-1998 to breast in recent years, followed by stomach and lung. Increasing trends were observed inincidence rates of 21 out of 34 cancer sites in males and 27 out of 35 cancer sites in females. Conclusion: Cancerincidences in general have continuously increased during 1993-2007. More efforts should be concentrated ondeveloping and implementing tobacco-related cancer prevention interventions.     

Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Central Myanmar: Report of Nay Pyi Taw Population-Based Cancer Registry

Background: Cancer is a major public health problem in Myanmar, and cancer registration activities are currently underway through both hospital-based and population-based approaches. So far, there are no population-based cancer incidence and mortality estimates in the country. Methods: According to the 2014 census, the total population of Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory was 1,160,242 within the area of 70,571 km2. Nay Pyi Taw Cancer Registry team collected data of new cancer cases both actively and passively from all data sources in the region. The data were registered, updated, cross-checked, quality-assured, and analyzed in CanReg5. The results were presented as the number of cases by site, sex, and age, cumulative risk (CR), crude rate, age-specific, and age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000. Results: Total 5,952 new cancer cases and 1874 cancer deaths were recorded among the population of the Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory between 2013 and 2017. The age-standardized incidence rate for all cancer sites excluding non-melanoma skin cancers in males was 125.9 and 107.3 for females. For both sexes combined, the most common cancers were lung (14%), breast (11.4%), liver (10.2%), mouth and pharynx (8.5%), and stomach cancers (7.8%). In males, the most common were lung (18.1%), liver (14.8%), mouth and pharynx (13%), stomach (8.9%) and colon, rectum, and anus (7.4%) cancers. In females, these were breast (21.2%), cervix (13.0%), lung (10.3%), stomach (6.9%) and colon, rectum, and anus (6.3%) cancers. The most common cancer deaths were caused by liver (20.8%), lung (15.7%), mouth and pharynx (9.3%), stomach (7.5%), and Colon, rectum, and anus (6.8%) cancers. Conclusion: The findings in this study are salient and have potential to serve as important information for the National Cancer Control Program to formulate prevention and control strategies.