肝海绵状血管瘤动脉栓塞术后胆管损伤原因分析与对策

目的：探讨肝动脉栓塞术治疗肝血管瘤后胆管损伤的原因与对策。方法：46例肝海绵状血管瘤患者,用5F导管超选择插管至肝血管瘤的供血支,经导管注入平阳霉素-碘油乳剂（PLE）进行栓塞。结果：超选择性插管成功率100%,术后共有2例出现胆管损伤并发症,总发生率4.4%,经对症等处理后分别于3、8个月后肝功能恢复正常。结论：明确CHL血供类型、控制碘油乳剂用量及高水平的操作技术可以减少和避免胆管损伤并发症的发生。     

Efficacy of Intra-Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancers Using Coaxial Catheter Technique: Initial Experience

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for head and neck cancers using a coaxial catheter technique: the superficial temporal artery (STA)–coaxial catheter method. Thirty-one patients (21 males and 10 females; 37–83 years of age) with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (maxilla, 2; epipharynx, 4; mesopharynx, 8; oral floor, 4; tongue, 10; lower gingiva, 1; buccal mucosa, 2) were treated by intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. Four patients were excluded from the tumor-response evaluation because of a previous operation or impossibility of treatment due to catheter trouble. Forty-eight sessions of catheterization were performed. A guiding catheter was inserted into the STA and a microcatheter was advanced into the tumor-feeding artery via the guiding catheter under angiographic guidance. When the location of the tumor or its feeding artery was uncertain on angiography, computed tomographic angiography was performed. The anticancer agent carboplatin (CBDCA) was continuously injected for 24 h through the microcatheter from a portable infusion pump attached to the patient’s waist. The total administration dose was 300–1300 mg per body. External radiotherapy was administered during intra-arterial chemotherapy at a total dose of 21–70.5 Gy. The initial response was complete response in 15 patients, partial response in 7 patients, and no change in 5 patients; the overall response rate was 81.5% (22/27). Complication-related catheter maintenance was observed in 15 of 48 sessions of catheterization. Injury and dislocation of the microcatheter occurred 10 times in 7 patients. Catheter infection was observed three times in each of two patients, and catheter occlusion and vasculitis occurred in two patients. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy via the STA–coaxial catheter method could have potential as a favorable treatment for head and neck tumors.     

81mKr scintigraphic evaluation of hemodynamics in gynecologic malignancies under condition of angiotensin II-induced hypertension]

Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy is one of the most useful therapeutic procedures for gynecologic malignancies. Recently, several reports have been published about Angiotensin II-induced hypertension chemotherapy and the efficacy of the method, but there have been no reports to evaluate an application for gynecologic malignancies. We evaluate the usefulness of the method for gynecologic malignancies demonstrating the changes of hemodynamics of the tumor using 81mKr scintigraphy. Thirteen patients with pathologically confirmed gynecologic malignancies were evaluated by angiography and continuous infusion of 81mKr via the catheter with and without Angiotensin II. At first, continuous infusion of 81mKr was performed under the superselective catheterization of the uterine artery. The radioactivities in the ROI were counted. Then, withdrew the catheter from the uterine artery to the internal iliac artery, and again continuously infused 81mKr and counted the radioactivities in the same ROI. Finally, keeping the catheter in the internal iliac artery, Angiotensin II and 81mKr were infused simultaneously. And counted the radioactivities. The radioactivities were highest when the catheter tip was placed in uterine arteries and lowest when the catheter tip was placed in internal iliac arteries. But radioactivities in the ROIs were definitely increased when Angiotensin II was used, even if the catheter tip was keeping in the internal iliac arteries. The optimal catheter position of transcatheter arterial chemotherapy for gynecologic malignancies is at proximal uterine artery. Since Angiotensin II-induced hypertension may increase blood flow of tumors, it seems to have indication for post-operative cases, highly advanced cases and cases with difficulties to perform superselective catheterization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

New plastic-coated coaxial catheter system for superselective hepatic catheterization: Technical note

With the use of a new improved coaxial catheter system, superselective hepatic catheterization has become easier. The improvements consist of a decrease in the outer and an increase in the inner diameters of the coaxial catheters from 0.98 to 0.96 mm and from 0.55 to 0.65 mm, respectively, and thickening of core guidewire material from 0.014 inch (0.35 mm) to 0.018 inch (0.40 mm). With this new catheter system, it is possible to inject contrast medium (iopamidol 300) at a higher rate (3 ml/sec) and gelatin sponge particles instead of gelatin powder for arterial embolization. The success rates for superselective catheterization using conventional (n=10 procedures) and the improved coaxial catheter systems (n=7) were 30% and 86%, respectively.     

A newly developed double lumen microballoon catheter with a side hole: initial experience of intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization

Purpose

To introduce a newly developed double lumen microballoon catheter with a side hole for intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization.

Methods and materials

Seven patients with malignant tumors, for whom superselective catheterization was considered difficult or had failed, underwent intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization with the 3.3-Fr microballoon catheter. The catheter has a double lumen and a side hole to facilitate infusion from the proximal end of the balloon. The balloon was placed on the distal side of the target artery branching site. Inflation of the balloon and occlusion of the main lumen with the tip of the occlusion device allowed for intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization of the target artery via the side hole.

Results

Successful intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization with the microballoon catheter was performed in all patients with no complications.

Conclusions

The newly developed microballoon catheter achieves intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization without the need for superselective catheterization.     

超选择膀胱动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期膀胱癌

目的：采用经导管超选择性膀胱动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期膀胱癌并探讨其疗效。技术要点及并发症。方法：15例经病理证实的中晚期膀胱癌,经两侧膀胱动脉局部灌注化疗,然后用碘油加5－氟尿啶及明胶海绵碎屑作.结果：CR＋PR为13例（13／15）,NC为2例（2／15）,总有效率为86．7％,4例获II期手术切除,结果：采用经导管超选择膀胱动脉化疗栓塞昌治疗中晚期膀胱癌的一种有效方法,部分患者还可获得II期手术机会,能明显提高患者的生存率。     

Flow-directed catheter for superselective arterial catheterization: An experimental evaluation

A coaxial infusion catheter of 3 Fr Teflon and Gore-Tex was developed to facilitate superselective catheterization of cerebral arteries for the delivery of therapeutic agents. The catheter, technique for use, and preliminary results are described.     

Simplified superselective catheterization of arterial bleeders.

Superselective catheterization is critical when treating acute gastrointestinal arterial bleeders. The author has been using a coaxial catheter system with excellent results. The technical aspects of two representative cases are discussed. This is a particularly valuable technique when dealing with the anomalous left gastric artery which supplies the left lobe of the liver as well as the stomach.     

动脉化疗治疗头颈部恶性肿瘤的临床研究

目的研究超选择性动脉介入灌注化疗和栓塞治疗头颈部恶性肿瘤的价值。方法31例头颈部恶性肿瘤患者根据肿瘤部位分别行超选择性舌动脉、颌内动脉、面动脉介入灌注化疗,其中明胶海绵颗粒栓塞11例。化疗药物采用顺铂(CDDP)、5-FU、甲氨碟呤(MTX)、表阿霉素(EPI)等2～3种联合应用。结果31例头颈部恶性肿瘤选择性动脉插管化疗和栓塞,半月后肿瘤体积缩小21例(占67.8%);肿瘤溃疡面缩小8例(占25.8%);未见明显变化2例。组织学疗效:19例介入治疗后接受手术,10例栓塞后的手术标本均为显效,栓塞标本近栓塞的血管处坏死程度重;9例未栓塞标本为有效。19例手术标本病理观察有效率94%。术中见肿瘤缩小,边界清楚,出血减少。19例术后目前仍生存15例(占78.9%),存活时间1～7.5年。结论术前超选择性动脉插管化疗栓塞对头颈部恶性肿瘤有较好的临床应用价值。     

下消化道出血DSA诊断及栓塞结合小剂量垂体后叶素灌注治疗

目的 探讨不明原因下消化道出血的DSA诊断及介入栓塞治疗的临床应用价值。方法 对32例不明原因下消化道出血患者行DSA检查,通过显示造影剂铃溢、病理血管和肿瘤染色来确定出血原因及部位,对出血处行超选择性动脉栓塞治疗和留置导管灌注小剂量垂体后叶素维持12h止血治疗。结果 DSA诊断阳性率75％（24132）,其中肠伤寒2例,肠结核1例,血管性病变14例,肿瘤7例。阳性者介入手术成功20例,手术成功率83．3％,无一例严重并发症。结论 DSA检查和介入治疗对诊断不明确或保守治疗无效的下消化道出血有着重要的诊断及治疗价值,超选择性动脉栓塞后小剂量垂体后叶素灌注治疗安全、有效。     

髂内动脉灌注化疗在女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤治疗中的价值

对14例女性生殖系统晚期恶性肿瘤术后患者,进行了32例次股动脉插管髂内动脉灌注化疗,尤其是对Ⅱ期患者的治疗,明显提高了生存率,并使一些患者再次获得了手术机会。笔者对导管的选择,化疗药物的联合应用,药物剂量,浓度,推注时间,以及对该法的合理性、操作注意事项等进行了探讨。     

微导管超选择插管治疗多发肝癌34例

目的探讨微导管超选择插管在多发肝癌(2个或2个以上肿瘤病灶)介入治疗中的应用价值、方法回顾性分析收治的多发性肝癌患者68例,其中微导管超选择插管化疗栓塞治疗组34例(微导管插管组),4～5 F常规导管超选择插管化疗栓塞组34例(常规插管组),比较两组肝功能损伤情况,并比较两组6个月、1年和2年的生存率。结果微导管插管组血清丙氨酸转氨酶及总胆红素等肝功能指标明显好于常规插管组(P<0.05),生存期明显延长(P<0.01)。结论微导管超选择插管治疗多发肝癌操作简单方便,超选择成功率高,疗效好,术后并发症少,避免正常肝损害     

Interventional radiology for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy and transcatheter arterial lipiodol chemoembolization

OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma remains poor. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy and transcatheter arterial Lipiodol chemoembolization for treatment of advanced tumor. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Thirty-seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and unresectable tumors were enrolled. In the hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy group (n = 16), cisplatin (10 mg/person, on days 1-5) and subsequent 5-fluorouracil (250 mg/person, on days 1-5) were administered for four serial courses. In the transcatheter arterial Lipiodol chemoembolization group (n = 21), an emulsion of Epirubicin (20-30 mg/person) and Lipiodol was administered every 3-4 weeks. RESULTS: The tumor response rates (complete response plus partial response for all cases) of the hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy and transcatheter arterial Lipiodol chemoembolization groups were 56.3% and 23.8%, respectively, showing the significantly higher rate in the former than in the latter group. The cumulative survival rates between the two groups were not significantly different; whereas in those patients whose tumors were classified as TNM stage IV or as having the maximal tumor size of greater than 5 cm, patients tended to have higher survival rates in the hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy group than in the transcatheter arterial Lipiodol chemoembolization group. Univariate analysis identified the serum aspartate aminotransferase value as solely significant. Patients' adverse reactions were successfully managed by treatment of symptoms. Adverse events, such as obstructions of the catheter or hepatic artery or infection around the catheter, rarely occurred. CONCLUSION: Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy had a better antitumor effect than transcatheter arterial Lipiodol chemoembolization and may be a useful therapeutic option for more advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.     

超选择性支气管动脉栓塞化疗治疗肺癌

目的　探讨超选择性支气管动脉栓塞化疗治疗肺癌的安全性和疗效。方法　回顾分析32 9例经病理学诊断的肺癌作单纯支气管动脉灌注化疗和超选择性支气管动脉栓塞化疗的资料。(1)单纯支气管动脉灌注化疗组 (2 2 1例 ) :普通导管插至支气管动脉主干或肋间 支气管动脉干造影后 ,经导管注入顺铂 4 0～ 6 0mg或卡铂 2 0 0～ 30 0mg ,联合用丝裂霉素 10～ 2 0mg或鬼臼乙叉甙 10 0～ 2 0 0mg。间隔 2～ 4周再次灌注化疗 ,2 2 1例共行 5 4 9次。 (2 )超选择性支气管动脉栓塞化疗组(10 8例 ) :普通导管插管造影后 ,在路图成像指引下 ,将微导管超选择性插至供瘤动脉近瘤处 ,经微导管注入抗癌药 (同单纯支气管动脉灌注化疗组 )和栓塞剂。栓塞剂选用 0 5～ 1 5mm3 明胶海绵颗粒30～ 5 0颗和 (或 )超液态碘油 3～ 8ml。间隔 6～ 9周再次作栓塞化疗 ,10 8例共行 2 6 6次。结果　 2组均未出现脊髓损伤等严重并发症。 2 2 1例单纯支气管动脉灌注化疗中 ,完全缓解 (CR) 2 8例 ,部分缓解 (PR) 79例 ,稳定 (S) 88例 ,进展 (P) 2 6例 ,有效率 (CR +PR)为 4 8 4 % ,1年生存率为 5 3 8% ,2年生存率为 4 4 8% ;10 8例超选择性支气管动脉栓塞化疗中 ,CR 16例 ,PR 5 3例 ,S 32例 ,P 7例 ,有效率为 6 3 9% ,1年生存率为 77 8% ,2年     

Intraarterial chemotherapy of head and neck tumors

Forty-one patients with advanced recurrent or untreated and neck tumors were treated with intraarterial short-term (1-1 1/2 hr) infusion of cisplatin into the external carotid artery, achieving an immediate tumor response rate of 29.3%. Tumor extent within or beyond the territory of a single external carotid artery was the only significant factor identified affecting the tumor response rate (57.1% vs. 14.8%). Treatment with intraarterial chemotherapy using superselective catheterization before irradiation or surgery is beneficial in some patients.     

Superselective cisplatin (CDDP)-carboplatin (CBDCA) combined infusion for head and neck cancers

A group of 26 patients with carcinoma of the head and neck region was treated by superselective intra-arterial infusion of cisplatin (CDDP)-carboplatin (CBDCA). The tumor locations included the tongue (n = 4), oral base (n = 2), nasopharynx (n = 2), oropharynx (n = 8), hypophrynx (n = 4) and larynx (n = 4). Using the coaxial technique, a microcatheter was placed in the lingual, ascending pharyngeal, facial and superior thyroidal arteries according to the location of the tumor. Under imaging studies, CDDP (50 mg/m²)-CBDCA (300 mg/m²) was infused into the vessel, via injectors at the rate of 12.5 ml/min. One to five injections were given every 4 weeks. During and following the chemotherapy the patients received radiotherapy (n = 22), surgery (n = 4) or both (n = 3). Sixty-six sessions of intra-arterial chemotherapy were given with no major complications. Drug-related systemic side effects were mild. The overall response rate was 96% (complete response (CR) 50% and partial response (PR) 46%). Superselective CDDP-CBDCA combined infusion is feasible, relatively non-toxic, and important as multimodality therapy.     

Patients with Life-Threatening Arterial Renal Hemorrhage: CT Angiography and Catheter Angiography with Subsequent Superselective Embolization

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical and clinical success of superselective embolization in patients with life-threatening arterial renal hemorrhage undergoing preinterventional CT angiography. Forty-three patients with clinical signs of life-threatening arterial renal hemorrhage underwent CT angiography and catheter angiography. Superselective embolization was indicated in the case of a positive catheter angiography. Primary study goals were technical and clinical success of superselective embolization. Secondary study goals were CT angiographic and catheter angiographic image findings and clinical follow-up. The mean time interval between CT angiography and catheter angiography was 8.3 ± 10.3 h (range, 0.2–34.1 h). Arterial renal hemorrhage was identified with CT angiography in 42 of 43 patients (98%) and catheter angiography in 39 of 43 patients (91%) (overview angiography in 4 of 43 patients [9%], selective angiography in 16 of 43 patients [37%], and superselective angiography in 39 of 43 patients [91%]). Superselective embolization was performed in 39 of 43 patients (91%) and technically successful in 37 of 39 patients (95%). Therefore, coil embolization was performed in 13 of 37 patients (35%), liquid embolization in 9 of 37 patients (24%), particulate embolization in 1 of 37 patients (3%), and a combination in 14 of 37 patients (38%). Clinical failure occurred in 8 of 39 patients (21%) and procedure-related complications in 2 of 39 patients (5%). The 30-day mortality rate was 3%. Hemoglobin decreased significantly prior to intervention (P < 0.001) and increased significantly after intervention (P < 0.005). In conclusion, superselective embolization is effective, reliable, and safe in patients with life-threatening arterial renal hemorrhage. In contrast to overview and selective angiography, only superselective angiography allows reliable detection of arterial renal hemorrhage. Preinterventional CT angiography is excellent for detection and localization of arterial renal hemorrhage and appropriate for guidance of the embolization procedure.     

Urokinase Lysis for Acute Left Subclavian Artery Thrombosis after Placement of Infusion Catheter: Report of Two Cases

We present two cases of acute subclavian and/or axillary arterial occlusion after transaxillary catheterization with an implantable port for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. They were successfully treated with thrombolytic therapy using intraarterial administration of urokinase without removal of the infusion catheter system. We consider that this treatment is suitable for managing acute thrombosis of the conduit artery after catheterization for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.     

Superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy for advanced maxillary sinus cancer: an evaluation of arterial perfusion with computed tomographic arteriography and of tumor response

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to elucidate the relationship between arterial perfusion in advanced maxillary sinus cancer which was opacified by superselective intra-arterial computed tomographic arteriography (IA-CTA) and the tumor response to intra-arterial chemotherapy. METHODS: Superselective IA-CTA was performed to identify the feeding arteries and their perfusion in advanced maxillary sinus cancer in 10 patients. Cisplatin was selectively infused into these feeding arteries, except for the internal carotid artery. RESULTS: The results were assessed in 9 of the 10 patients, and a complete response was achieved in 5 patients in whom either the entire tumor, or most of the tumor, was perfused by the branches of the external carotid artery. In 4 patients with a partial response, the residual tumors were seen in the territory of the perfusion defect or in the perfusion territory of the internal carotid artery. CONCLUSION: Superselective IA-CTA is a useful technique to correctly identify the intratumoral perfusion and to predict tumor response to the intra-arterial chemotherapy of advanced maxillary sinus cancer.     

骨和肌肉组织肿瘤的超选择动脉栓塞术

目的 :探讨骨和肌肉组织肿瘤的超选择动脉栓塞术的临床价值。方法 :运用Seldinger技术 ,对 18例骨和肌肉组织肿瘤进行造影 ,灌注和超选择动脉栓塞术 ,栓塞材料运用明胶海绵粒加抗癌药浸泡。结果 :18例骨和肌肉组织肿瘤中14例进行了栓塞 ,其中彻底栓塞者 8例 ,部分栓塞 6例 ;栓后肿块明显缩小 ,有 10例栓后肿瘤切除术 ,术中出血减少 ,肿瘤切除容易、彻底 ;4例孤息性栓塞 ,疼痛减轻 ,生存质量改善。结论 :骨和肌肉组织肿瘤的超选择动脉栓塞术 ,能使肿块缩小 ,提高生存质量 ;特别是术前栓塞能减少术中出血 ,以利肿瘤切除