地氟醚、七氟醚与安氟醚低流量麻醉临床观察

比较地氟醚、七氟醚、安氟醚用于低流麻醉时ＢＰ和ＨＲ改变,苏醒过程、不良反应以及药物费用。方法：４２例ＡＳＡＩⅠ－Ⅱ级择期腹部外科手术病人随机分成地氟醚,安氟醚和七氟醚三组。麻醉诱导后连接Ｃｉｃｅｒｏ麻醉机。降低新鲜气流,地氟醚和安氟醚为０．３－０．５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ,七氟醚为０．８－１．０Ｌ／ｍｉｎ,从回路呼出端向麻醉机回路内注入液吸入麻醉药４－５分钟内使三组病人呼气末麻醉药浓度达到１ＭＡＣ左右,即地氟     

脑电双频指数用于婴儿七氟醚麻醉深度监测

目的 探讨脑电双频指数(BIS)用于婴儿七氟醚麻醉深度监测的可行性.方法 拟行腹部手术的50例婴儿按月龄分为A组(0～6个月,34例)和B组(7～12个月,16例),均采用七氟醚全麻联合骶管阻滞.记录患儿基础、麻醉诱导、气管插管、不同稳态呼气末七氟醚浓度(CETSev,3.0%、2.4%、1.8%、1.2%)、咽反射恢复、拔除气管导管以及麻醉苏醒时的BIS、HR、SBP、DBP、PnC02和直肠温度.结果 两组患儿BIS在麻醉诱导后均显著降低,麻醉恢复期显著上升.A组BIS在不同CETSev、咽反射恢复、气管拔管及麻醉苏醒时均低于B组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).麻醉苏醒时B组BIS恢复至基础水平,而A组患儿BIS仍低于基础时(P＜0.01).两组患儿BIS均与CETSev负相关,B组相关性(r=0.675,P＜0.01)高于A组(r=0.315,P＜0.01).A组与CETSev相关的指标还有SBP(r=0.345,P＜0.01)、DBP(r=0.463,P＜0.01),B组与CETSev相关的指标还有DBP(r=0.428,P＜0.01).结论 七氟醚全麻联合骶管阻滞下,6个月以下婴儿BIS与7～12个月婴儿明显不同.7～12个月婴儿BIS与麻醉深度相关性较好,优于DBP与麻醉深度的相关性;6个月以下婴儿BIS、SBP、DBP与麻醉深度的相关性类似.临床分析6月龄以下婴儿BIS监测须慎重.     

脑电双频指数指导全麻病人七氟醚吸入浓度的可行性

吸入麻醉药七氟醚具有诱导迅速、麻醉深度容易控制以及心脏保护作用,脑电双频指数（BIS）在1997年美国食品和药品管理局（FDA）已批准认可可以作麻醉镇静和深度的监测指标。它是目前公认的、唯一经过证实可用于评价镇静和麻醉深度的监测指标。     

七氟醚、异氟醚不同呼气末浓度对熵和脑电双频指数的影响

目的 观察不同呼气末浓度的七氟醚和异氟醚对熵、脑电双频指数(BIS)及血流动力学的影响.方法 40例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级全麻手术患者随机均分为七氟醚组(Ⅰ组)和异氟醚组(Ⅱ组).麻醉诱导用丙泊酚1 mg/kg,1 min后吸入七氟醚或异氟醚;维持反应熵(RE)、状态熵(SE)、BIS45～55,6 min后置入喉罩.调节吸入浓度使两组患者呼气末浓度分别为0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0和1.3MAC时各维持10 min,记录RE、SE、BIS、HR和MAP.结果 两组患者不同呼气末浓度七氟醚和异氟醚RE、SE、BIS随浓度增加而逐渐下降(P<0.05),HR逐渐减慢、MAP逐渐降低(P<0.05).两组间各指标差异均无统计学意义.RE、SE、BIS间直线相关性随呼气末浓度增大相关系数有增加趋势.结论 熵和BIS均能有效监测七氟醚、异氟醚麻醉深度.     

小儿呼气末七氟醚浓度与脑电双频指数的相关性

目的 研究3～12岁患儿呼气末七氟醚浓度(C(ET)Sev)和脑电双频指数(BIS)的相关性.方法 择期全麻手术患儿30例,按照年龄分为3～6岁组(A组)和7～12岁组(B组).两组均给予七氟醚诱导,气管插管后调节C(ET)Sev分别维持在1.5%、2%、3%、4%、5%至少5 min,随后记录BIS、HR、MAP.结果 两组患儿BIS在麻醉诱导后均显著降低(P<0.01).C(ET)Sev在1.5%～3%时,两组患儿BIS均与C(ET)Sev呈负相关,A组回归方程为Y(BIS)=94.683-20.656X(C(ET)Sev)(r=-0.952,P<0.01),B组回归方程为Y(BIS)=93.508-19.943X(C(ET)Sev)(r=-0.926,P<0.01).结论 3～12岁小儿应用七氟醚麻醉时,BIS在一定浓度范围内可用于麻醉深度的监测.     

幼儿脑电双频指数与七氟醚呼气末浓度的关系

目的 探讨幼儿患者脑电双频指数(BIS)与七氟醚呼气末浓度(CETSev)的关系.方法 择期全麻下行腹部手术的患儿120例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄1～3岁,随机均分为四组:Ⅰ组,CETSev为0.4 MAC;Ⅱ组,CETSev为0.7 MAC;Ⅲ组,CETSev为1.0 MAC;Ⅳ组,CETSev为1.3MAC.8%七氟醚面罩吸入诱导,氧流量5 L/min,待患儿意识消失后调整氧流量至2 L/min,并逐步凋节七氟醚吸入浓度,按照分组使CETSev达到并维持于相应的浓度,每一浓度均维持15 min,视为稳态CETSev.分别记录所有患儿入室(T0)、达稳态CETSev(T1)时的BIS、MAP及HR.结果 当CETSev由0.4～1.3 MAC递增时,四组患儿MAP和HR差异无统计学意义,但BIS逐渐下降(P＜0.05),BIS、MAP及HR与CETSev相关系数分别为-0.857、-0.379和0(P＜0.05).结论 无伤害性刺激时,BIS与CETScv呈一定剂量的负相关,相关性较好,BIS可用于监测七氟醚麻醉下的镇静程度.     

小儿斜视手术七氟醚麻醉拔除喉罩的最佳脑电双频指数

目的观察小儿斜视手术七氟醚麻醉下拔除喉罩的最佳脑电双频指数(BIS)。方法择期行斜视手术患儿120例依据拔除喉罩时的BIS范围随机均分为三组:I组,75≤BIS<85;Ⅱ组,65≤BIS<75;Ⅲ组,55≤BIS<65。三组均采用七氟醚吸入全麻。记录患儿拔除时血流动力学变化、呼气末七氟醚浓度(CETSev)、PETCO2及并发症。结果Ⅲ组拔除喉罩时喉痉挛、低氧血症、咳嗽、屏气的发生率均明显低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论小儿斜视手术七氟醚麻醉拔除喉罩的最佳BIS为55~65。     

七氟醚中、低流量紧闭麻醉与双频指数监测下低流量紧闭麻醉的比较

目的 比较七氟醚中流量、低流量及双频指数监测下低流量循环紧闭麻醉,以探讨七氟醚的应用方法。方法 96例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期全麻手术病人,随机分为三组,A组:中流量循环紧闭麻醉,氧流量1000 ml/min;B组:低流量循环紧闭麻醉,氧流量500 ml/min;C组:双频指数监测下低流量循环紧闭麻醉,氧流量500ml/min。各组均以七氟醚环路内吸入维持麻醉。A、B两组根据临床麻醉体征和手术刺激情况调节七氟醚浓度,C组根据BIS值调节七氟醚浓度。结果 A组、B组和C组呼气末七氟醚维持浓度分别为(1.4±0.2)MAC、(1.1±0.2)MAC和(0.8±0.2)MAC水平;七氟醚总耗量分别为(13.3±1.6)m1/h、(9.6±1.5)ml/h和(7.5±1.8)ml/h,C组七氟醚总耗量最低(P<0.01);苏醒时间分别为(14.3±3.3)min、(10.5±2.8)min和(7.5±2.6)min;意识恢复时间分别为(24.5±6.1)min、(17.4±5.5)min和(12.7±4.8)min,c组苏醒时间和意识恢复时间最快;恶心呕吐发生率分别为14.5％±2.6％、10.1％±2.3％和7.5％±2.1％,c组恶心呕吐发生率最低。结论 双频指数监测下七氟醚低流量循环紧闭麻醉具有节约麻醉药,苏醒时间短和恶心呕吐发生率低的优点,是一种良好的麻醉方法。     

地氟醚与七氟醚麻醉对老年病人术后认知功能的影响

目的 探讨地氟醚及七氟醚复合麻醉对老年病人术后认知功能恢复的影响。方法 70例择期行全膝或全髋关节置换术的病人,年龄均在65岁以上。静注芬太尼、异丙酚、琥珀胆碱快速诱导插管后随机分为地氟醚和异氟醚组。麻醉诱导前及手术后1、3、6及24h应用Mini-Mental State（MMS）测试方法评定其认知功能。结果 与术前相比,两组病人术后1h MMS值均明显降低。地氟醚组由29.5±0.5降至27.8±1.7;七氟醚组由29.2±1.0降至27.4±1.7。其中85％以上病人术后3h MMS恢复至术前水平。两组病人术前及术后1、3、6及24h MMS比较均无显著差异。结论 老年病人应用地氟醚或七氟醚麻醉,其术后认知功能恢复相似,仅有一过性认知障碍。     

脑电图双频谱指数七氟醚麻醉病人切皮体动反应的临床评价

用预测概率评价七氟醚吸入麻醉时脑电图双频谱指数预测病人对切皮刺激体动反应的准确性。方法；选择行上腹部择期手术的成年患者２９例，麻醉诱导用异丙酚及七氟醚，浓度随机为０．６ＭＡＣ，１．０ＭＡＣ，１．５ＭＡＣ或２．０ＭＡＣ的七氟醚发钟以虎发皮，观察病人的体动反应。     

Hemodynamic and bispectral index responses to tracheal intubation during isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia

Purpose.The effects of volatile anesthetics on change in the bispectral index (BIS) due to tracheal intubation are unclear. We investigated hemodynamic and BIS responses to intubation during isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia. Methods.After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent, we randomly allocated 40 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I to receive either isoflurane (ISO group; n = 20) or sevoflurane (SEV group; n = 20). The patients were anesthetized with thiamylal and were ventilated with 100% oxygen, using a mask. The inspired concentrations of isoflurane and sevoflurane were gradually increased and maintained at end-tidal anesthetic concentrations of 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) during the study period. Tracheal intubation was performed 15min after the end-tidal anesthetic concentrations had reached 2 MAC. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and BIS were recorded before induction, at the loss of consciousness, before laryngoscopy, and at 1, 3, and 5min after intubation. Results.Anesthesia with 2 MAC volatile anesthetics increased HR in the ISO group, and decreased MAP in the SEV group. The BIS value decreased from 95 ± 3 and 96 ± 2 before thiamylal to 39 ± 9 and 38 ± 10 before intubation in the ISO and SEV groups, respectively. MAP and HR were significantly increased in both groups 1 and 3min after intubation, but BIS remained unchanged. Conclusion.Anesthesia with 2 MAC of isoflurane and sevoflurane was effective to suppress the change in BIS due to intubation but was not sufficient to prevent changes in hemodynamic responses.     

麻醉状态下氟马西尼对患者脑电双频指数的影响

目的 评估七氟醚麻醉下氟马西尼对患者麻醉深度及脑电双频指数(BIS)的影响.方法 20例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级患者择期全麻下行妇科腹腔镜手术.当麻醉初期BIS(47±3)时静注氟马西尼0.01 mg/kg,记录给药(氟马西尼)前及给药后2、4、6、8、10、15、20 min 7个时点的SBP、DBP、MAP、HR、SpO_2及BIS值.结果 各时点的SBP、DBP、MAP、HR、SpO_2及BIS值差异均无统计学意义.结论 氟马西尼对七氟醚麻醉下患者的镇静程度无明显拮抗作用.     

地氟醚用于低流量吸入麻醉的可行性

目的 探讨溶解度较低的地氟醚在低流量麻醉中的临床应用价值。方法 ４０例择期手术的胸腹部肿瘤病人，ＡＳＡＩ～Ⅱ级，分为Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ组，Ａ，Ｂ组氧流量分别为２Ｌ／ｍｉｎ和０．５／ｍｉｎ吸入６％的地氟醚（１ＭＡＣ）观察其肺泡浓度升高速率及差别。Ｃ，Ｄ组分别吸入氧流量为０．５／ｍｉｎ１ＭＡＣ异氟醚和安氟醚作为对照组，结果 Ａ组ＦＡ／ＦＩ和ＦＡ／ＦＤ达１／２时间分别为１分钟和４分钟；在１２分钟时ＦＡ／ＦＩ     

Effect of intravenous lidocaine infusion on sevoflurane requirements as monitored by bispectral index: A randomized double-blinded controlled study

IntroductionSystemic administration of lidocaine significantly decreased propofol requirements when compared to patients receiving placebo. Several studies conducted on animals have proved that systemic local anesthetics reduced minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalational anesthetics. The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of intravenous administration of lidocaine on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane required to keep BIS between 40 and 60 during maintenance of anesthesia in humans.MethodsTwenty-eight ASA I–II adults planned to undergo laparoscopic procedures expected to last <2 h under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to 2 groups. After standardized induction of general anesthesia, patients were given IV lidocaine bolus (1.5 mg kg^?1) followed by 2 mg kg^?1 h^?1 infusion (group L, n = 14) or equal volumes of saline (group C, n = 14). Primary outcome of the study was end-tidal sevoflurane at bispectral index (BIS) values of 40–60. Secondary outcomes included doses of opioids, BIS values, and extubation time.ResultsThe median doses of intraoperative fentanyl (range) in group C were similar to group L (P = 0.08). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding BIS at any time point. End-tidal sevoflurane concentrations were significantly higher in group C than in group L at all intraoperative time points (P < 0.05). Extubation time was longer in group L than in group C (P = 0.04).ConclusionIn conclusion, intravenous lidocaine administration, during maintenance of general anesthesia, can decrease BIS-guided sevoflurane requirements.     

静吸复合麻醉中不同小剂量芬太尼对脑电边缘频率和双波谱指数的影响

目的 研究静吸复合麻醉中不同小剂量芬太尼对脑电边缘频率（ＳＥＦ）和双小的指数（ＢＩＳ的影响。方法 随机将ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级病人３０例分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组地全麻诱导吸入安氟醚达０．８ＭＡＣ后三组分别静注芬太尼３μｇ．ｋｇ＾０－１、５μｇ．ｋｇ＾－１,于给药后６ｍｉｎ记录每组病人的ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ、ＳＥＦ及ＢＩＳ。结果 三组 内、组间ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ相比均无显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＢＩＳ无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）     

听觉诱发电位与双频谱指数监测地氟醚麻醉后苏醒的比较

目的：比较中潜伏期听觉诱发电位（MLAEP）与双频谱指数（BIS）在预计地氟醚麻醉后苏醒的作用。方法：30例择期全麻腹部手术病人，诱导后地氟醚维持麻醉，麻醉停药前3min记录MLAEP和BIS，观察麻醉停药后命令反应时间，拔管时间及达到修正Aldrete计分（MAS）≥时间。结果：MLAEP的Nbi潜伏期和BIS与苏醒各指标相关，但Nb潜伏期能更确切反映地氟醚麻醉后苏醒。结论：NbI潜伏期是反映地氟醚麻醉后苏醒的可靠指标。     

Anesthesia with 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane is not altered by physostigmine as measured by bispectral and clinical indices

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of physostigmine on 1.5% sevoflurane anesthesia and recovery. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. SETTING: Operating room of a university-affiliated, metropolitan hospital (Aretaieion Hospital and St Savas Hospital). PATIENTS: Forty female American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients scheduled for breast biopsy. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned in physostigmine (PHYSO) and normal-saline (NS) group. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane 8% using a vital capacity breath technique, and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) No. 4 insertion. Anesthesia was maintained with end-tidal sevoflurane 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC; 3% end-tidal concentration) throughout the procedure. MEASUREMENTS: After skin closure and under steady-state sevoflurane anesthesia 1.5 MAC, heart rate, blood pressure, and Bispectral Index (BIS) were recorded. Immediately after, the PHYSO group received intravenous 2 mg of physostigmine, whereas the NS group received equal volume of normal saline. Bispectral Index and hemodynamic measurements were recorded 5, 8, and 10 minutes after treatment. Anesthesia was then discontinued and the LMA was removed. Zero, 15, and 30 minutes after LMA removal, patients were evaluated for orientation, sedation, sitting ability, and the "picking up matches" test, as well as for nausea and vomiting. MAIN RESULTS: No difference was found in BIS (29 +/- 4, 32 +/- 6, 31 +/- 6, 30 +/- 7, 84 +/- 11 in the PHYSO group vs 29 +/- 6, 30 +/- 6, 30 +/- 5, 31 +/- 5, 86 +/- 7 in the NS group), hemodynamic parameters, or recovery parameters between the 2 groups at any time. No nausea or vomiting was observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Physostigmine did not influence BIS values or early recovery when administered to patients anesthetized with 1.5 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia.