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1.
Objective
To review the current state of the literature regarding the socioeconomics of atopic dermatitis (AD)—more specifically how socioeconomic status (SES) affects AD risk and how the presence of AD may affect one’s SES—as well as discuss the cost of the disease to society.Data Sources
A PubMed search was performed to include English-language articles with the keywords atopic dermatitis, cost, finances, economic, income, career, socioeconomic, with preference to those written in the last 5 years.Study Selections
Studies were included if they provided information pertaining to socioeconomics in relation to disease severity, disease incidence, direct costs, indirect costs, and effects on work, education, and career choice.Results
Many studies have reported that higher SES is associated with increased AD prevalence, whereas lower SES is associated with increased AD severity. Regardless of patient SES, AD creates substantial direct costs that affect the patient, patient’s family, and the payer. Additionally, the effects of the disease create indirect costs from absenteeism and presenteeism, as well as opportunity costs from hinderances in learning, affecting patient SES and the economy.Conclusion
Given the substantial and growing burden on the patient and the economy when access to appropriate treatment is limited, the socioeconomic burden of AD represents a tangible public health concern that must be addressed. 相似文献2.
Lucy A. Bilaver Avneet S. Chadha Priyam Doshi Linda O&#x;Dwyer Ruchi S. Gupta 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(4):373-380.e1
Objective
To assess the economic burden of food allergy (FA) worldwide.Data Sources
PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on the Wiley platform were searched to identify literature that assessed direct, out-of-pocket, and opportunity costs of FA. All databases were searched back to their inception, and no language or date limits were applied.Study Selections
We included primary studies that examined direct medical, out-of-pocket, or opportunity costs and/or lost labor productivity in food allergic adults and/or children and their families.Results
Eleven papers met our inclusion criteria, of which ed7 addressed direct medical, 7 addressed out-of-pocket, and 5 addressed opportunity costs. Estimates were based on data that reflected costs for a patient with FA (individual level) or costs for a household with a food allergic patient (household level). The mean individual-level direct medical costs ($2081) were much higher than the mean household-level costs ($806). The mean individual-level out-of-pocket ($1874) and opportunity ($1038) and opportunity cost were lower than the mean household-level out-of-pocket ($3339) and opportunity ($4881) costs. Household-level estimates of lost opportunity costs imposed the largest economic burden attributable to FA.Conclusion
Most of the economic burden studies reviewed measured components of economic burden that are unique to individuals with FA but did so in noncomparable ways. Addressing cost burdens and measuring them using standardized instruments and methods will be critical to better understand the economic burden of FA globally. 相似文献3.
Patrick M. Brunner Ariel Israel Alexandra Leonard Ana B. Pavel Hyun Je Kim Ning Zhang Tali Czarnowicki Krishna Patel Morgan Murphrey Kara Ramsey Stephanie Rangel Rema Zebda Vinaya Soundararajan Xiuzhong Zheng Yeriel D. Estrada Hui Xu James G. Krueger Amy S. Paller Emma Guttman-Yassky 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(3):318-330.e3
4.
Background
Systemic antibiotics are commonly used in hospitalized patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) exacerbation. However, the antibiotic prescribing patterns are unclear.Objective
To compare the prescribing patterns of antibiotics for children who were hospitalized for AD exacerbation and infectious complications.Methods
Electronic medical records were reviewed for patients younger than 18 years who were hospitalized for AD exacerbation or infectious complications based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from 2003 to 2018. The following information was obtained: history, physical examination findings, physician discharge summary, antibiotic treatments, serum tests, and wound cultures. The t test was used to compare clinical and laboratory features.Results
A total of 174 patients with AD were included. Seventy patients had AD exacerbation and 104 had infectious complications, including cellulitis, abscesses, invasive infections, and eczema herpeticum. The differences between these 2 groups of patients were further verified by length of stay, serum total IgE level, and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). A total of 56 of 70 patients (80%) with AD exacerbation were treated with a systemic antibiotic. Clindamycin and vancomycin together accounted for 88% of antibiotics on admission for both groups, whereas clindamycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were prescribed at similar rates for both groups at discharge. Wound culture results showed that the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rate was significantly lower in children with AD exacerbation (22%) vs infectious complications (39%).Conclusion
Children were treated with a high frequency of anti-MRSA antibiotics for inpatient AD exacerbation and infectious complications. However, the rate of MRSA was significantly lower in children with AD exacerbation. Thus, empiric antibiotic choice for infectious complications may not be appropriate for AD exacerbation. 相似文献5.
M.J. Maze K.J. Sharples K.J. Allan M.P. Rubach J.A. Crump 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,21(4):437-444
Background
Leptospirosis is under-diagnosed by clinicians in many high-incidence countries, because reference diagnostic tests are largely unavailable. Lateral flow assays (LFA) that use antigen derived from heat-treated whole cell Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc have the potential to improve leptospirosis diagnosis in resource-limited settings.Objectives
We sought to summarize estimates of sensitivity and specificity of LFA by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of evaluations of the accuracy of LFA to diagnose human leptospirosis.Data sources
On 4 July 2017 we searched three medical databases.Study eligibility criteriaArticles were included if they were a study of LFA sensitivity and specificity.Participants
Patients with suspected leptospirosis.Interventions
Nil.Methods
For included articles, we assessed study quality, characteristics of participants and diagnostic testing methods. We estimated sensitivity and specificity for each study against the study-defined case definition as the reference standard, and performed a meta-analysis using a random-effects bivariate model.Results
Our search identified 225 unique reports, of which we included nine (4%) published reports containing 11 studies. We classified one (9%) study as high quality. Nine (82%) studies used reference tests with considerable risk of misclassification. Our pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 79% (95% CI 70%–86%) and 92% (95% CI 85%–96%), respectively.Conclusions
As the evidence base for determining the accuracy of LFA is small and at risk of bias, pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity should be interpreted with caution. Further studies should use either reference tests with high sensitivity and specificity or statistical techniques that account for an imperfect reference standard. 相似文献6.
Pragya Shrestha Rashmi Dhital Dilli Poudel Anthony Donato Paras Karmacharya Timothy Craig 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(4):401-406.e2
Background
Data on the prevalence of allergic disorders over time are limited. Recent studies have noted marked increase in the prevalence of allergic conditions in different parts of the world.Objective
To examine time trends in the prevalence of anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria in the United States.Methods
Using the largest inpatient National Inpatient Sample data in the United States from 2001 to 2014, adults admitted with a primary diagnosis of anaphylaxis, angioedema, or urticaria were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Yearly distribution of hospital admissions was stratified per different age groups, and yearly trends of hospitalizations related to anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria were calculated.Results
Although an increasing trend in the rate of hospitalizations was seen for angioedema (annual percentage change [APC], 4.48), a decreasing trend (APC, ?2.19) was observed for urticaria-related hospitalizations. Overall anaphylaxis-related hospitalizations were noted to be stable, but a significant increasing trend was observed among those aged 5 to 14 years (APC, 4.19), mostly because of the subgroup of food-related hospitalizations (APC, 5.86). Angioedema-related hospitalizations were highest among the 35- to 64-year age group (APC, 5.38).Conclusion
An increasing trend of hospitalizations has been observed for allergic conditions, with varying age distribution according to the nature of eliciting agent and susceptibility of different age groups. Although angioedema has been observed as an increasing problem in older populations, food-induced anaphylaxis is an increasing concern in the younger population. 相似文献7.
William Zhao Hsi-en Ho Supinda Bunyavanich 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(3):276-282
Objective
To review observational human, murine, and interventional trial studies that have examined the gut microbiome in food allergy, and to provide perspective on future investigations in this field.Data Sources
A review of the published literature was performed with PubMed, and clinical studies catalogued at ClinicalTrials.gov were also reviewed.Study Selections
The most recent relevant studies, seminal works, and topical clinical trials were selected.Results
Gut dysbiosis likely precedes the development of food allergy, and the timing of such dysbiosis is critical. Gut microbiota associated with individual food allergies may be distinct. Murine models support the importance of gut microbiota in shaping immune maturation and tolerance. Gut microbiota may affect food allergy susceptibility by modulating type 2 immunity, influencing immune development and tolerance, regulating basophil populations, and promoting intestinal barrier function. Ongoing and future interventional trials of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transfer will help translate our understanding of the gut microbiome in food allergy to clinical practice. Future work in this area will include deepening of current research foci, as well as expansion of efforts to include the virome, mycobiome, and interactions between the microbiome, host, and environment. Robust and consistent study designs, multidimensional profiling, and systems biology approaches will enable this future work.Conclusion
By advancing research on the microbiome in food allergy, we can further our understanding of food allergy and derive new approaches for its prevention and therapy. 相似文献8.
A. Kenfak G. Eperon M. Schibler F. Lamoth M.I. Vargas J.P. Stahl 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,21(4):415-421
Background
Encephalitis and meningoencephalitis are severe, sometime life-threatening infections of the central nervous system. Travellers may be exposed to a variety of neurotropic pathogens.Aims
We propose to review known infectious causes of encephalitis in adults acquired outside Europe, and how to identify them.Sources
We used Pubmed and Embase, to search the most relevant publications over the last years.Content
Microbiologic tests and radiological tools to best identify the causative pathogen in travellers presenting with encephalitis and ME are presented in this narrative review, as well as a diagnostic approach tailored to the visited area and types of exposures.Implications
This review highlights the diagnostic difficulties inherent to exotic causes of central nervous system infections, and attempts to guide clinicians with respect to which microbiological tests to consider, in addition to brain MRI, when approaching a returning traveller presenting with encephalitis. 相似文献9.
Andrea C. Blackman Sara Anvari Carla M. Davis Aikaterini Anagnostou 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(4):407-411
Background
Food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is an infrequent non–IgE-mediated gastrointestinal allergic disorder that occurs mostly in infants and young children. FPIES food triggers vary among different geographic locations, and the condition is still underdiagnosed and underrecognized.Objective
To identify the triggers, characteristics, and management of FPIES in a pediatric US population of 74 children presenting to a tertiary center during a 3-year period.Methods
We performed a retrospective electronic record review of all pediatric patients with a diagnosis of FPIES who presented to Texas Children's Hospital emergency centers and clinics.Results
Most of our patients were white, and 65% had a positive family history of atopy. The median age at the first FPIES episode was 5 months (interquartile range, 4-6 months), and the median age at diagnosis was 11 months (interquartile range, 7-16 months). Grains (88%), cow's milk (49%), and vegetables (43%) were the most common food triggers in our cohort. Of the fruits, banana (24%) and avocado (16%) were predominantly reported. More than half of our patients experienced FPIES to multiple food triggers.Conclusion
In our cohort, rice (53%) was the most common individual food trigger, surpassing cow's milk and soybean, previously reported as the most prevalent FPIES triggers in the United States. Banana (24%) and avocado (16%) rates were also much higher than in other studied populations, likely a reflection of different dietary and weaning habits in our area. Time from disease presentation to diagnosis was delayed, potentially because of difficulties in disease recognition. We noted a significant percentage of multiple-food FPIES in contrast to other populations. 相似文献10.
Objective
To evaluate relevant studies and documents that address the cost-effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of biologics current approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of asthma.Data Sources
Publications currently available on biologics, the Global Initiative for Asthma pocket book on difficult-to-treat asthma in adolescents and adults, and the recent Institute for Clinical and Economic Review on biologic therapies for the treatment of asthma.Study Selections
Priority was placed on studies that speak to the cost-effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of biologic therapies published from 2016 to 2019.Results
Current pricing for all biologics exceeds measures of cost-effectiveness. To meet available measures indicating cost-effectiveness, prices would have to be reduced by a minimum of approximately 60%. The effect of biologics on exacerbations is similar but should be interpreted in the context of comparable patient phenotypes. The effect on quality of life is deemed modest based on the available study designs.Conclusion
To maximize cost-effectiveness of the biologics, emphasis should be placed on identifying predictors of response, focusing on those patients receiving oral corticosteroid therapy, and assessing the effect of treatment for decisions that relate to continuation. Multidisciplinary stakeholder efforts are needed to ensure responsible application of biologic therapy. 相似文献11.
Mariam Vahdaninia Healther Mackenzie Taraneh Dean Suzannah Helps 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(3):302-313.e2
Background
Allergic diseases have increased worldwide in the last 2 decades, with children suffering the highest burden of the condition. The ω-3 long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) possesses anti-inflammatory properties that could lead to a reduction in inflammatory mediators in allergies.Objective
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the most recent follow-ups of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effectiveness of ω-3 LCPUFA supplementation started during pregnancy on allergic outcomes in offspring.Methods
The RCTs with a minimum of 1-month follow-up post gestation were eligible for inclusion. The CENTRAL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WHO's International Clinical Trials Register, E-theses, and Web of Science databases were searched. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool.Results
Ten RCTs (3,637 children), from 9 unique trials, examined the effectiveness of ω-3 LCPUFA supplementation started during pregnancy on the development of allergic outcomes in offspring. Heterogeneities were seen between the trials in terms of their sample, type, and duration of intervention and follow-up. Pooled estimates showed a significant reduction in childhood “sensitization to egg” (relative risk [RR] = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-0.90), and “sensitization to peanut” (RR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40-0.96). No statistical differences were found for other allergic outcomes (eg, eczema, asthma/wheeze).Conclusion
These results suggest that intake of ω-3 LCPUFA started during pregnancy can reduce the risk of sensitization to egg and peanut; however, the evidence is limited because of the small number of studies that contributed to the meta-analyses. The current evidence on the association between supplementation with ω-3 LCPUFA started during pregnancy and allergic outcomes is weak, because of the risk of bias and heterogeneities between studies. 相似文献12.
Hao-Pai Lin Bor-Luen Chiang Hsin-Hui Yu Jyh-Hong Lee Yu-Tsan Lin Yao-Hsu Yang Li-Chieh Wang 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(1):132-140
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether breastfeeding should be discontinued for exclusively breast-fed infants with atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods
Eighty-seven exclusively breast-fed infants with AD were enrolled in a prospective observational study. The infants were divided into 3 groups: breastfeeding only (BM group), partial breastfeeding and partial partially hydrolyzed whey formula (pHF-W) (Partial group) and pHF-W only (DC group). The extent and severity of AD were evaluated with the Patient-Oriented SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD) index at enrollment and 3 and 6 months later.Results
There were no significant differences in parental atopy history, PO-SCORAD scores, and medication scores at baseline. At month 3 and 6, the PO-SCORAD scores were significantly decreased in all groups. PO-SCORAD scores at month 3 and 6 and at the last time point when topical corticosteroids were given were significantly different among the groups. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that baseline PO-SCORAD scores and stopping breastfeeding were significantly associated with month 3 PO-SCORAD scores (p < 0.001), after adjusting for sex, age, baseline medication scores, partial breastfeeding and parental atopy history. In addition to baseline PO-SCORAD scores and stopping breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding was significantly associated with month 6 PO-SCORAD scores. Long-term follow-up showed that only stopping breastfeeding was significantly associated with the last time point when topical corticosteroids were given (p = 0.014).Conclusion
For exclusively breast-fed infants with AD, discontinuing breastfeeding and shifting to pHF-W might help to improve symptoms and shorten the duration of AD regardless of sex, age and parental atopy history. 相似文献13.
Mary Elizabeth Bollinger Arlene Butz Mona Tsoukleris Cassia Lewis-Land Shawna Mudd Tricia Morphew 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(4):381-386
Background
Intensive care unit (ICU) admission is a risk factor for fatal asthma. Little is known about risk factors for pediatric ICU admissions for asthma.Objective
To examine characteristics of underserved minority children with prior ICU admissions for asthma.Methods
Baseline survey data, salivary cotinine levels, and allergen specific IgE serologic test results were obtained from children with uncontrolled asthma enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of a behavioral education environmental control intervention. Characteristics of children with and without prior ICU admission were compared using χ2 and t tests. Logistic regression assessed significance of higher odds of prior ICU admission comparing factor-level categories.Results
Patients included 222 primarily African American (93.7%), male (56%), Medicaid-insured (92.8%) children with a mean (SD) age of 6.4 (2.7) years with uncontrolled asthma. Most (57.9%) had detectable cotinine levels, 82.6% were sensitized to more than 1 environmental allergen, and 27.9% had prior ICU admissions. Prior ICU patients were more likely to be very poor (<$10,000 per year) and sensitized to more than 1 allergen tested (most importantly mouse) (P < .05). Allergen sensitization in the groups did not differ for cockroach, cat, dog, Alternaria, Aspergillus, dust mite, grass, or tree. Although more ICU patients received combination controller therapy, they also overused albuterol. Only 27.4% of ICU patients received specialty care in the previous 2 years, which was not significantly different from non-ICU patients.Conclusion
Children with high mortality risk, including history of ICU admission, were twice as likely to live in extreme poverty, have atopy (particularly mouse allergen), use combination controller therapy, and overuse albuterol.14.
M. Schibler G. Eperon A. Kenfak A. Lascano M.I. Vargas J.P. Stahl 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,21(4):408-414
Background
Encephalitis and meningoencephalitis imply inflammation of the brain parenchyma, and comprise many diagnostic entities, such as various infections and causes of dysimmunity. The cause remains unknown in around 50% of cases.Objectives
To summarize the main infectious causes of encephalitis and meningoencephalitis acquired in Europe, and the diagnostic means to identify them.Sources
PubMed, ECDC and WHO websites, personal experience.Content
The principal infectious causes of encephalitis and meningoencephalitis acquired in Europe in adults are discussed in this review, with special emphasis on the microbiological and imaging diagnostic approaches. The role of electroencephalography in diagnosing encephalitis is also mentioned. Among infections, viruses are more frequent than other pathogen types, and their epidemiology varies according to geographic area. A few bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are also to be considered. In contrast, parasites and fungi are rare encephalitis causes in Europe.Implications
Identifying the causative pathogen of infectious encephalitis and meningoencephalitis is complex because of the variety of pathogens, the epidemiology of which is determined by geography and environmental factors. Furthermore, despite extensive microbiological testing, many cases of encephalitis remain of unknown origin. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography are useful complementary diagnostic tools, and newer unbiased sequencing technologies might help to fill in the diagnostic gap. 相似文献15.
Tiffany Jean Su-Jau Yang William W. Crawford Scott H. Takahashi Javed Sheikh 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(3):283-288
Background
Variation in emergency department (ED) management for asthma exacerbation leads to disparities in care. Current asthma severity scores are insufficient to be used for hospitalization decisions.Objective
To develop and internally validate an asthma predictive index for hospitalization (APIH) to guide practitioners in their admission decision for children with asthma exacerbations.Methods
Data were collected from 12,066 children between 5 and 18 years old diagnosed with asthma exacerbation in the ED. Epidemiologic findings, number of inhaled corticosteroid canisters, short-acting β-blocker canisters, oral steroids, coexisting atopy, family history of atopy, insurance, and prior asthma ED visits or hospitalizations were compared between patients hospitalized and discharged. We used univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to determine the best predictor variables for hospitalization. Our study internally validated the prediction index to estimate future performance of the prediction rule.Results
The highest risk factors associated with asthma hospitalization from the ED are oxygen saturation less than 94%, respiratory rate greater than 31/min, history of pneumonia, and asthma ED visits in past 12 months. With a reduced predictive model that combined these risk factors, the odds ratio was 44.9 (95% CI, 32.8-61.4), which is extremely significant. Our C index of discrimination of 0.77 was similar to the validation C index of 0.78, which confirms a solid prediction model.Conclusion
We have developed and internally validated a pediatric hospitalization prediction index for acute asthma exacerbation in the ED. Further studies are needed to externally validate the APIH before its implementation into clinical practice. 相似文献16.
M.-C. Zanella L. Lenggenhager J. Schrenzel S. Cordey L. Kaiser 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,21(4):422-430
Background
Viral aetiologies are the most common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections. Approximately one-half of CNS infections remain of undetermined origin. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) brought new perspectives to CNS infection investigations, allowing investigation of viral aetiologies with an unbiased approach. HTS use is still limited to specific clinical situations.Objectives
The aim of this review was to evaluate the contribution and pitfalls of HTS for the aetiologic identification of viral encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningitis in CNS patient samples.Sources
PubMed was searched from 1 January 2008 to 2 August 2018 to retrieve available studies on the topic. Additional publications were included from a review of full-text sources.Content
Among 366 studies retrieved, 29 used HTS as a diagnostic technique. HTS was performed in cerebrospinal fluid and brain biopsy samples of 307 patients, including immunocompromised, immunocompetent paediatric, and adult cases. HTS was performed retrospectively in 18 studies and prospectively in 11. HTS led to the identification of a potential causal virus in 41 patients, with 11 viruses known and ten not expected to cause CNS infections. Various HTS protocols were used.Implications
The additional value of HTS is difficult to quantify because of various biases. Nevertheless, HTS led to the identification of a viral cause in 13% of encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningitis cases in which various assays failed to identify the cause. HTS should be considered early in clinical management as a complement to routine assays. Standardized strategies and systematic studies are needed for the integration of HTS in clinical management. 相似文献17.
Objective
To synthesize evidence on the role of microbiota in asthma pathogenesis, phenotype, and treatment outcomes, and to provide perspective on future research directions and challenges.Data Sources
Studies identified from a PubMed search, including all or some of the terms “asthma,” “microbiome,” “microbiota,” “gut,” “airway,” “respiratory,” “lung,” “viral,” and “fungal”.Study Selections
Studies included and referenced based on the authors' opinion of the study design and methods, value of the research questions, and the relevance of the results to the objective of the article.Results
Many studies have demonstrated an important role for intestinal or upper airway microbiota in mediating the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Fewer but robust studies have implicated a role for lower respiratory tract microbiota in adult asthma phenotype, including effects of treatments. Bacterial and fungal members of the respiratory microbiota are associated with and may drive specific molecular phenotypes of asthma in adults.Conclusion
Current evidence supports the role of human microbiota changes in shaping asthma risk, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation. Further understanding of how microbiota functionally mediate these aspects in clinically relevant contexts will require better integration of advanced scientific tools, analytic methods, and well-designed clinical studies. These efforts should be pursued with a systems-level perspective of the complex interactions between human hosts and their microbiomes, and the impact on these interactions of changes in environmental and lifestyle factors across the lifespan. 相似文献18.
Craig C. Reed Edward G.A. Iglesia Scott P. Commins Evan S. Dellon 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2019,122(3):296-301
Background
Disease activity may correlate with environmental aeroallergen exposure in eosinophilic esophagitis. The association between seasons and flares of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) histologic activity has not been extensively studied.Objective
We aimed to assess the frequency of seasonal exacerbations of eosinophilic esophagitis, as well as changes in symptom reporting, endoscopic findings, and histologic findings attributed to aeroallergens in an EoE cohort.Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed EoE patients in histologic remission (<15 eosinophil/high-power field) but who doubled the esophageal eosinophil count between seasons without change in eosinophilic esophagitis–specific therapy. Outcomes were: symptomatic global worsening (yes/no); change in endoscopic severity (EREFS scoring system); and histologic change (peak eosinophil count).Results
Of 782 patients, 13 (4%) met inclusion criteria (mean age: 36.2; 85% male; 86% white; 85% atopic disease diagnosis), and 14 exacerbations were recorded. Of these, 71% occurred in fall and summer months. Peak eosinophil counts increased from 6.8 to 86.8 eosinophil per high-power field (P < .001). Four patients (31%) reported worsening of seasonal allergies and 5 (38%) a global worsening of symptoms. Endoscopic severity was also significantly worse during seasonal exacerbations (total EREFS 3.7 vs 1.7; P = .01). Baseline features differed by atopic diagnoses and endoscopic findings between patients with and without seasonal exacerbations.Conclusion
Seasonal exacerbations of eosinophilic esophagitis were uncommon in this cohort and most commonly recorded over the summer and fall months. These data support a role of aeroallergens in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis in some patients, and clinicians should consider aeroallergens as a potential cause of disease exacerbation. 相似文献19.
S. Momčilović C. Cantacessi V. Arsić-Arsenijević D. Otranto S. Tasić-Otašević 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,25(3):290-309
Background
Parasitic diseases are one of the world's most devastating and prevalent infections, causing millions of morbidities and mortalities annually. In the past, many of these infections have been linked predominantly to tropical or subtropical areas. Nowadays, however, climatic and vector ecology changes, a significant increase in international travel, armed conflicts, and migration of humans and animals have influenced the transmission of some parasitic diseases from ‘book pages’ to reality in developed countries. It has also been noted that many patients who have never travelled to endemic areas suffer from blood-borne infections caused by protozoa. In the light of existing knowledge, this new trend can be explained by the fact that in the process of migration a large number of asymptomatic carriers become a part of the blood bank donor and transplant donor populations. Accurate and rapid diagnosis represents the crucial weapon in the fight against parasitic infections.Aims
To review old and new approaches for rapid diagnosis of parasitic infections.Sources
Data for this review were obtained through searches of PubMed using combinations of the following terms: parasitological diagnostics, microscopy, lateral flow assays, immunochromatographic assays, multiplex-PCR, and transplantation.Content
In this review, we provide a brief account of the advantages and limitations of rapid methods for diagnosis of parasitic diseases and focus our attention on current and future research in this area. The approximate costs associated with the use of different techniques and their applicability in endemic and non-endemic areas are also discussed.Implications
Microscopy remains the cornerstone of parasitological diagnostics, especially in the field and low-resource settings, and provides epidemiological assessment of parasite burden. However, increased use and availability of point-of-care tests and molecular assays in modern era allow more rapid and accurate diagnoses and increased sensitivity in the identification of parasitic infections. 相似文献20.
Hsiao-Chuan Lin Jang-Jih Lu Lee-Chung Lin Cheng-Mao Ho Kao-Pin Hwang Yu-Ching Liu Chao-Jung Chen 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(1):81-89