Contrast medium volume to creatinine clearance ratio: a predictor of contrast-induced nephropathy in the first 72 hours following percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives : To investigate the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) ratio for the risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) (i.e., within 48–72 hr) and to determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cut‐off value to avoid CIN in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background : The V/CrCl ratio is a pharmacokinetic risk factor for an early abnormal increase in serum creatinine (i.e., within 24 hr) after PCI. Methods : V/CrCl ratios were obtained from 1,140 consecutive consenting patients after unselective PCI. Receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal sensitivity for the observed range of V/CrCl. The predictive value of V/CrCl for the risk of CIN was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results : Fifty‐five (4.8%) patients out of 1,140 developed CIN. There was a significant association between higher V/CrCl ratio values and risk of CIN in the overall population: 1.4%, 1.4%, 5.7%, and 10.9% for quartile 1 (Q1) of the V/CrCl value (<1.56, n = 283), Q2 (1.56–2.27, n = 289), Q3 (2.28–3.42, n = 282), and Q4 (>3.42, n = 285) of contrast, respectively (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that a V/CrCl ratio of 2.62 was a fair discriminator for CIN (C‐statistic 0.73). After adjusting for other known predictors of CIN, V/CrCl ratios > 2.62 remained significantly associated with CIN (odds ratio: 2.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–4.81, P < 0.05). Conclusion : A V/CrCl ratio > 2.62 was a significant and independent predictor of CIN after PCI in unselected patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc     

Volume-to-creatinine clearance ratio:a predictor for contrast-induced nephropathy in chronic kidney disease after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background The volume of contrast media to the creatinine clearance(V/CrCl)ratio has been shown to correlate with the contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN).The chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients would be more likely to develop CIN after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Objective To determine a relatively safe V/CrCl cutoff value to avoid CIN in CKD patients undergoing primary PCI.Methods We enrolled a total of 114 patients with CKD and calculated V/CrCl.Receiver-operator characteristic methods were used to identify the optimal sensitivity and specificity for the observed range of V/CrCl for CIN.We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the predictive value of V/CrCl for the risk of CIN in CKD patients.Results Overall,there were 24 cases(21%)of CIN.The baseline mean and median V/CrCl values were significantly greater among patients with CIN(mean 5.08 ± 2.01,median 4.81,and interquartile range 3.53-6.33)than among those without CIN(mean 3.35 ± 1.48,median 3.12,and interquartile range 2.27-4.14,P < 0.001).The receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis indicated that a V/CrCl ratio of 3.62 was a fair discriminator for CIN(C-statistic of 0.75)in CKD patients.After adjusting for other known predictors of CIN,a V/CrCl ratio>3.62 remained significantly associated with CIN in CKD patients(odds ratio 8.46,95% confidence interval 2.37-30.19,P < 0.001).Conclusions AV/CrCl ratio>3.62 is a simple,useful indicator for determining the safe contrast medium dose based on the pre-PCI CrCl values in CKDs.[S Chin J Cardiol 2011;12(3):147-155]     

高龄急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的临床观察

目的评价高龄急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的效果和预后。方法收集入住本院的61例行PCI术的高龄ACS患者的临床资料,其中男性38例,女性23例,年龄为80~88(82±2)岁。19例行急诊PCI术,42例为择期PCI术,观察近期(住院期间)和远期主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的发生和临床预后。结果61例患者中3支血管病变39例(64%),双支血管病变16例(26%),单支血管病变6例(10%);完全闭塞病变25例(41%);14例(34%)患者合并肾动脉狭窄。手术操作成功率97%,术后心肌梗死溶栓试验3级达97%,术后并发症发生率13%,其中造影剂肾病6例(10%)。住院期间MACCE发生率3%,均为心源性死亡,4个月至4年9个月随访期间MACCE发生率22%,包括3例心脑源性死亡、2例其他原因死亡。结论高龄ACS患者行PCI术手术操作成功率高,住院期间病死率和随访期间MACCE发生率较低,但患者病变重,并发症尤其是造影剂肾病发生率相对较高。     

Neuroimaging patterns of ischemic stroke after percutaneous coronary intervention

Even a regular lumen of radial artery may create difficulty in smooth negotiation and propagation of a 7F guide catheter while performing intervention through transradial approach. We describe successive five cases of a simple and innovative “Combo” technique, which helps relatively atraumatic tracking of a 7F guide catheter through the course of arm and chest vasculature for successful completion of procedure without significant damage and local pain. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

大剂量碘克沙醇对合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉介入术后肾功能的影响

目的 评估大剂量碘克沙醇(＞300 mL)对糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后72 h内肾功能的影响。方法 顺序筛选2015年10月—2017年12月4个中心的987例冠状动脉介入治疗术中使用大剂量(＞300 mL)碘克沙醇的患者,最终204例合并糖尿病患者被纳入,进一步评价术后72 h内对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)的发生情况。结果 204例糖尿病患者使用大剂量碘克沙醇(＞300 mL)对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤总发生率为3.9%(8/204)。其中碘克沙醇300～500 mL亚组和＞500 mL亚组对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤发生率分别为4.3%(7/161)和2.3%(1/43);基线eGFR＜60 mL/(min·1.73 m²)的患者对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤发生率为6.9%(2/29)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,合并慢性肾功能不全、贫血、行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术以及高Mehran评分是对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤的独立危险因素。对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤发生率与对比剂剂量的增加似乎无关。结论 合并糖尿病患者使用大剂量(＞300 mL)碘克沙醇后对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤发生率不高。     

Dose‐dependent effect of impaired renal function on all‐cause mortality in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention

ObjectiveTo determine the risk prediction of various degrees of impaired renal function on all‐cause mortality in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of all‐cause mortality after PCI. However, there are less data of various degrees of impaired renal function to predict those risks.MethodsThis was a subgroup analysis of nationwide PCI registry of 22 045 patients. Patients were classified into six CKD stages according to preprocedure estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (ml/min/1.73 m²): I (≥90), II (60−89), III (30−59), IV (15−29), or V (<15) without or with dialysis. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were compared among patients in each stage. One‐year all‐cause mortality was reported with risk prediction based on CKD stages and other risk factors.ResultsPatients with CKD stage I−V without and with on dialysis were found in 26.9%, 40.8%, 23.2%, 3.9%, 1.5%, and 3.7%, respectively. PCI procedural success and complication rates ranged from 94.0% to 96.2% and 2.8% to 6.1%, respectively. One‐year overall survival among CKD stages I−V was 96.3%, 93.1%, 84.4%, 65.2%, 68.0%, and 69.4%, respectively (p < .001 by log‐rank test). After adjusting covariables, the hazard ratios of all‐cause mortality for CKD stages II−V as compared to stage I by multivariate Cox regression analysis were 1.5, 2.6, 5.3, 5.9, and 7.0, respectively, (p < .001).ConclusionAmong patients undergoing PCI, lower preprocedure eGFR is associated in a dose‐dependent effect with decreased 1‐year survival. This finding may be useful for risk classification and to guide decision‐making.     

The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation

Background

There is no data regarding the association between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and long-term mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of the pre-procedural PLR for predicting long-term, all-cause mortality in patients with SCAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and stent implantation.

Methods

We analyzed a total of 2959 consecutive patients with SCAD who underwent PCI (balloon angioplasty followed by stent implantation or direct stenting) between July 2006 and December 2011 at our institution. The patients were stratified into tertiles according to their admission PLR. The association between the PLR value and the outcomes was assessed using Cox proportional regression analysis after adjusting for clinical angiographic and laboratory data.

Results

During median follow-up of 1124 days, mortality was highest in patients with PLR within the 3rd tertile as compared to the 2nd and the 1st tertile (11.0% vs 8.7% vs. 9.6%, respectively, p = 0.03). PLR remained associated with mortality in multivariable analysis including clinical variables, ejection fraction and angiographic parameters HR (per 10 units increase) = 1.02 [95%CI,1.01 ÷ 1.04, p = 0.006]. After adjustment for the eGFR and hemoglobin levels, PLR was however no longer significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusion

PLR has potential predictive value in patients with SCAD, which has not been reported previously, but statistical significance disappears after adjusting for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hemoglobin levels as a potential confounding variable.     

Successful percutaneous coronary intervention after implantation of a CoreValve percutaneous aortic valve

Background: The association between aortic valve disease and coronary atherosclerosis is common. In the recent era of percutaneous aortic valve replacement (PAVR), there is little experience with coronary artery intervention after valve implantation. Case report: To our knowledge, this is the first case of successful percutaneous coronary intervention after implantation of a CoreValve percutaneous aortic valve. We report a case of a 79‐year‐old female patient who underwent successful coronary artery intervention few months after a CoreValve's percutaneous implantation for severe aortic valve stenosis. Verifying the position of the used wires (crossing from inside the self expanding frame) is of utmost importance before proceeding to coronary intervention. In this case, crossing the aortic valve, coronary angiography, and multivessel stenting were successfully performed. Conclusion: Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with previous CoreValve is feasible and safe. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

基础血肌酐正常的急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入术后肾功能减退的临床特点

目的 探讨基础血肌酐正常的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后肾功能减退的临床特点. 方法 根据直接PCI术后是否发生肾功能减退,将216例术前血肌酐正常(＜132.6 μmoL/L)的AMI患者分为肾功能减退组(32例)和非肾功能减退组(184例).比较两组的临床和冠状动脉造影资料,确定肾功能减退的发生率、预测因素及其对治疗和住院期间预后的影响.肾功能减退定义为术后72 h内血肌酐较术前升高≥25%. 结果 直接PCI术后肾功能减退的发生率为14.8%(32/216).肾功能减退组的年龄＞75岁(28.1%比14.1%,P=0.047)、并发心力衰竭(25.0%比9.2%,P=0.017)的患者比例显著高于非肾功能减退组;而低分子肝素(84.4%比95.1%,P=0.039)、β-受体阻滞剂(75.0%比95.6%,P=0.001)、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(81.3%比93.5%,P=0.025)、他汀类药物(84.4%比97.3%,P=0.008)的使用率显著低于非肾功能减退组.肾功能减退组住院期间的死亡率显著高于非肾功能减退组(25.0%比2.2%,P＜0.001).多因素分析显示,并发心力衰竭是发生肾功能减退的惟一独立预测因素[比值比(OR)=3.275,95%可信区间1.275～8.408,P=0.014];而肾功能减退是住院期间死亡最强的独立预测因素(OR=10.313,95%可信区间2.569～41.402,P=0.001). 结论 基础血肌酐正常的AMI患者直接PCI术后也易发生肾功能减退.发生肾功能减退者多为AMI的高危患者,治疗不充分,住院期间预后差.     

Practical guide to prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) represents a common but serious complication of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI)—and in general of all those examinations requiring iodinated contrast injection—which affects not only renal function but also long-term prognosis. While several prophylactic approaches were designed in order to prevent CI-AKI, most failed to demonstrate clear benefits in randomized trials, and their implementation is therefore discouraged in clinical practice. The most notorious examples include pre-procedural bicarbonate or N-acetylcysteine, and preprocedural withdrawal of ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers. Those strategies that were instead demonstrated effective include the appropriate use of preprocedural hydration, reduction in contrast volume utilization, adoption of techniques for zero- or ultra-low-contrast procedures, and pharmacological treatments with statins. In this brief review, we summarize the main preventive strategies into brief and pragmatic recommendations designed to improve everyday clinical practice.     

Contrast induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention： risk factors and preventive strategy

Objective To analyze the risk factors and clinical outcome of contrast induced nephropathy （CIN） in patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and discuss its prevention. Methods Fifty-four patients with C1N among 729 patients who received PCI were retrospectively studied and the related risk factors, cardiovascular events and preventive strategy were analyzed. Results C1N was strongly associated with pre-procedure chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus and large-dose contrast. The incidence of cardiac mortality and major adverse cardiac events 1 year after PCI in CIN group was higher than that in group without CIN. Conclusion Chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus and dosage of contrast agent were three independent risk factors of CIN. CIN could affect the patients＇ prognosis. A well overall perioperative management of CAD patients following PCI, especially hydration therapy, is the most important strategy for prevention of CIN.     

Atorvastatin administration after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary artery disease and normal lipid profiles: impact on plasma adiponectin level

BACKGROUND: There is controversy about the effects of statins on plasma adiponectin, and the impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on plasma adiponectin level is still unknown. We investigated the impact of Atorvastatin on plasma adiponectin levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with stable angina and normal lipid profiles after PCI. METHODS: Sixty CAD patients with stable angina and normal lipid profiles scheduled for PCI, and not on statins, were randomly assigned to either no treatment (control group) or the Atorvastatin treatment (Atorvastatin group). Atorvastatin administration was started immediately after PCI. Blood samples were obtained immediately after PCI and again 3 and 6 mo later. Fasting plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured using a radioimmunoassay kit. RESULTS: After PCI, there were statistically significant decreases in adiponectin levels in the Atorvastatin group at 3 and 6 mo (8.66 +/- 0.69 versus 6.87 +/- 0.55 and 7.12 +/- 0.71 microg/mL at 0, 3, and 6 mo, respectively), despite the anti-inflammation and lipid-lowering effects of Atorvastatin. There were no statistically significant changes in adiponectin levels in the control group. There was significant positive association between baseline plasma adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Changes of adiponectin level were not associated with the changes of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid profiles in the Atorvastatin group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed the benefits of Atorvastatin on anti-inflammation and anti-atherosclerosis, but we also found that Atorvastatin had a negative effect on the adiponectin system. The anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic effects of Atorvastatin are not affected by decreased adiponectin levels.     

不同剂量碘海醇对冠状动脉介入术患者肾功能的影响

目的 研究不同剂量的低渗性非离子型对比剂碘海醇对冠状动脉造影(CAG)和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗( PCI)患者肾功能的影响. 方法 选择我院2010年10月至2011年4月672例接受冠状动脉介入诊疗术的患者,根据对比剂用量分为2组:A组剂量＜ 200 ml,435例;B组剂量为200~ 400 ml,237例.以术后48 h血肌酐(SCr)较术前升高25％或升高44.2 μmol/L(0.5 mg/dl)作为对比剂肾病(CIN)的诊断标准,观察不同剂量碘海醇对肾功能的影响. 结果 672例患者中55例发生CIN,发生率为8.2％,其中A组26例(6.0％),B组29例(12.2％),2组间发生率有统计学差异(P＜0.05). 结论 对比剂碘海醇对冠状动脉介入诊疗术患者肾功能有影响,对比剂用量≥200 ml患者CIN发生率高.     

碘克沙醇对行介入治疗的老年冠心病患者肾功能的影响

目的观察碘克沙醇(威视派克)在老年冠心病肾功能不全介入治疗患者中的应用,探讨其对行介入治疗的老年冠心病患者的有效性和安全性。方法选取2005年1月至2006年3月行经皮冠脉介入治疗的老年肾功能不全冠心病患者1656例,分为对照组(碘普罗胺,优维显)828例,观察组(威视派克)828例,分别于术前及术后3d监测患者的血清肌酐(Scr)浓度,计算其术后3dScr的升高幅度及引起造影剂肾病的发生率。结果对照组术后3dScr值明显高于术前〔(178±32)μmol/Lvs(156±26)μmol/L,P<0.05〕,造影剂肾病发生率为26.3%;观察组则没有明显增加,分别为(164±31)μmol/Lvs(160±28)μmol/L(P>0.05),造影剂肾病发生率为3.2%,明显低于对照组。结论威视派克用于行介入治疗的老年冠心病患者是安全有效的。