胃粘膜内pH与APACHEⅡ评分对危重患者评估的比较

目的及时准确地评估患者的危重程度.方法对23例患者(其中存活组13例,死亡组10例)在入科时和入科后24h的胃粘膜内pH(pHi)测定结果与APACHEⅡ评分结果以及pHa、PaO2/FiO2分别作一比较.结果存活组与死亡组的pHi在入ICU时即有显著差异(P<0.01),入科24h时差异更具显著性(P<0.001);而两组的APACHEⅡ评分在入ICU时差异无显著性(P>0.05),入科24h时差异显著(P<0.01).结论 pHi检测比APACHEⅡ评分更早期、更灵敏、更准确地反映了患者的危重程度.     

ICU患者血离子钙与APACHEⅡ评分相关性分析

目的：观察ICU患者血离子钙（iCa）水平与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。方法：选择南京市浦口医院2011-01—2011-12入住ICU临床资料完整的55例危重病患者为研究对象。入ICU后抽取动脉血测定iCa，行APACHEⅡ评分，分析iCa水平与APACHEⅡ评分相关性。根据APACHEⅡ分值分为A组（≥20分）和B组（〈20分）。根据治疗结果，出院病人分为存活组和死亡组。结果：A组iCa明显低于B组患者（P〈0．01）；A组患者病死率明显高于B组患者（P〈0．01）。死亡组患者的APACHEⅡ评分分值明显高于存活组APACHEⅡ评分分值（P〈0．05）及LAC水平（P〈0．05）。死亡组患者的iCa明显低于存活组患者（P〈0．05）。差异均有统计学意义。iCa水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论：①ICU患者中低钙血症发生率高。②动脉血iCa水平与APACHEⅡ评分有相关性。     

内科危重患者的红细胞分布宽度与预后及危重程度的相关性研究

目的 探讨内科危重患者的红细胞分布宽度(RDW)水平与预后、急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)的关系.方法 选择2011-02～2012-01收住急诊ICU的104例内科患者,在入ICU第一个24 h内抽取静脉血检测血常规(包括RDW).根据入ICU后24h内的APACHEⅡ评分分为APACHEⅡ评分＜20分组和APACHEⅡ≥20分组,比较两组RDW水平和死亡率;根据RDW水平分为RDW＜ 11.55％组和RDW≥11.55％组,比较两组APACHEⅡ评分和死亡率;根据临床转归分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组APACHE Ⅱ评分和RDW水平,并对RDW水平及APACHE Ⅱ评分进行相关性分析.结果 不同APACHEⅡ评分组随着APACHEⅡ评分的升高,RDW水平亦增高,死亡率增加,两组RDW水平和死亡率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);不同RDW水平组随着RDW水平的升高,APACHEⅡ评分和死亡率亦随之增高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);存活组和死亡组APACHEⅡ评分、RDW水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);RDW水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(rs =0.315,P＜0.01).结论 在内科危重患者中,RDW水平与APACHEⅡ评分具有相关性,可能适用于内科患者的危重程度评估和预后估测.     

血清肌钙蛋白诊断继发性心肌损伤及预后观察

目的：观察血清肌钙蛋白I（cTnI)对危重病患者急性心肌损伤诊断及预后判断的价值。方法：49例入ICU的患者,按APACHEⅡ评分分为危重组（APACHE Ⅱ≥16）和普通组（APACHE Ⅱ＜16）,以化学发光法测入ICU24小时内及48小时时的血清肌钙蛋白I（cTnI)和肌酸激酶同功酶（CK－MB）,另15例健康献血员为对照组,结果：两个时点的cTnI和CK－MB,危重组和普通组均高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0．05）,但危重组与对照组差异更显著（P＜0．01）,死亡组与生存组比较,两个时点的cTnI均增显著（P＜0．05）,生存率与cTnI呈负相关（γ=－0．33,P＝0．026）,而CK－MB在两组间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,部分多发伤患者,有CK－MB增高而无cTnI增高,部分心衰患者,有cTnI增高而无CK－MB增高,结论：cTnI和CK－MB均可用于诊断危重病患者的急性心肌损伤,但cTnI特异性较高,对预后的判断更有价值。     

PACHEⅢ联合MPMⅡ对重度颅脑损伤患者的评估价值

目的探讨APACHEⅢ联合MPMⅡ对重度颅脑损伤患者病情严重程度评估及预测预后的价值。方法回顾性地对106例重度颅脑损伤患者在ICU24h内进行APACHEⅢ评分，入ICU时进行MPMⅡ0评估，预测PHM，比较存活组与死亡组之间的差异，比较APACHEⅢ评分不同计分段与实际病死率的关系，比较APACHEⅢ评分不同计分段的预测PHM与实际病死率的差异。结果存活组（33例）与死亡组（73例）APACHEⅢ、MPMⅡ0均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。全组预测PHM为（68．275±18．982）％，与实际病死率68．87％非常接近。APACHEⅢ计分≤60、61—90、91—120、≥121四个分数段的MPMⅡ0比较，除91—120与≥121外，差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。且预测的PHM与四个分数段的实际病死率接近度良好（P〉0．05）。结论APACHEⅢ联合MPMⅡ对重度颅脑损伤患者病情严重程度的评估具有很好的互补性，较高的准确性与精确度，APACHEⅢ评分越高，病情越重，预测的PHM越高，实际死亡率也越高。     

和肽素、APACHE Ⅱ评分在评估急性百草枯中毒患者预后的价值

【目的】探讨和肽素、急性生理学及慢性健康状况评估Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）在评估急性百草枯中毒（acute pa-raquat poisoning ,APP）预后的临床价值。【方法】选择126例APP患者,以住院期间临床死亡作为观察终点,分为存活组58例和死亡组68例。所有入选者在入院后2 h、24 h、7 d内抽取静脉血3 mL ,检测和肽素水平,同时连续记录APACHEⅡ评分的数据。【结果】死亡组服毒剂量显著大于存活组,而抢救时间、首次灌流时间和灌流次数之间无显著性差异（ P＞0．05）。入院后2 h和肽素水平,死亡组显著高于存活组（ P＜0．05）。而APACHEⅡ评分两组间无显著差异（ P＞0．05）。入院后24 h存活组和肽素降至正常,死亡组水平仍显著高于存活组（ P＜0．05）,APACHEⅡ评分两组无差异（ P＞0．05）。入院后7 d死亡组和肽素水平持续不降,而APACHEⅡ评分水平明显升高,两组差异有明显统计学意义（P＜0．05）。APP患者口服农药剂量与和肽素、APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关。【结论】连续检测Copeptin及APACHEⅡ评分对APP患者预后的评估及合理分配医疗资源有重要临床意义。     

感染性休克患者血乳酸浓度的变化与预后的关系

【目的】评价动态血乳酸监测与感染性休克患者预后的相关性。【方法】分析43例感染性休克患者的临床资料,观察入ICU时的APACHEⅡ评分及血乳酸值,并与入院后6h的数值进行比较,计算6h乳酸清除率,比较其统计学差异。【结果】性别构成、年龄、入ICU时的APACHEⅡ评分和血乳酸值在存活与死亡两组间相比较无统计学差异。存活组的乳酸清除率高于死亡组（P〈0．05）;高乳酸清除率组的病死率明显低于低乳酸清除率组,且两组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。【结论】动态血乳酸监测对判断感染性休克患者的预后具有较好的敏感性和特异性。     

血糖不稳定指数对重症肺炎预后的评估价值

目的：评估血糖不稳定指数（GLI）在评估重症监护病房（ICU）中重症肺炎患者转归的预测价值。方法：观察79例重症肺炎患者入ICU48h内每4h的血糖情况,根据预后情况分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组间初始血糖（GluAdm）、血糖均数（GluMea）、血糖标准差（GluSD）、GLI的差异,应用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评价GluAdm、GluMea、GluSD、GLI对ICU重症肺炎患者死亡的预测价值及GLI与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。结果：死亡组GluAdm、GluMea、GluSD及GLI均明显高于存活组,其中GLI的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）优于GluAdm、GluMea、GluSD,为0．726,且GLI与入ICU24h内的APACHEⅡ评分具有显著相关（R^2=0．464,P〈0．001）。结论：GLI对ICU中重症肺炎患者的预后具有一定预测价值,血糖波动越大,预后可能越差。     

早期乳酸清除率和中心静脉血氧饱和度监测对重症肺炎患者预后的研究

目的：探讨重症肺炎患者早期动脉血乳酸清除率、中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）的监测价值。方法回顾性研究2012年1月—2013月12月56例重症肺炎患者,入科即刻和6 h时测定动脉血乳酸浓度和早期ScvO2,计算6 h乳酸清除率,并进行急性生理与慢性健康（APACHEⅡ）评分,根据APACHEⅡ评分将患者分为3组：10-＜20分组（A组）,20-＜30分组（B组）,≥30分组（C组）,比较不同组别早期乳酸清除率和ScvO2的差别,并分析其与预后的关系。结果①B组初始动脉血乳酸较A组高,C组初始动脉血乳酸较B组高,但组间差异均无统计学意义（均 P＞0．05）;②B组早期6 h乳酸清除率、ScvO2均较A组低,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）,C组早期6 h乳酸清除率、ScvO2均低于B组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。③B组病死率高于A组,C组病死率高于B组,差异均有统计学意义（均 P＜0．05）;④死亡组APACHE Ⅱ评分高于存活组,早期动脉血乳酸清除率和ScvO2水平低于存活组,差异均有统计学意义（均 P＜0．05）;⑤APACHEⅡ评分与早期乳酸清除率呈显著负相关（r＝0．661,P＜0．01）,与早期ScvO2水平呈显著负相关（r＝0．579,P＜0．01）。结论早期动脉血乳酸清除率及ScvO2水平是反映重症肺炎患者病情严重程度和预测患者转归的参考指标。     

乳酸清除率评估重度脓毒症患者预后的临床分析

目的回顾性研究乳酸清除率与重度脓毒症患者预后的相关性。方法收集247例重度脓毒症患者入ICU后的APACHEⅡ评分、脓毒症休克发生率、入ICU 12 h后乳酸清除率及患者转归。分别将病例分成存活组和死亡组,高乳酸清除率组和低乳酸清除率组,比较其差异的统计学意义。结果各组年龄、性别、APACHEⅡ评分和初始血乳酸浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。存活组脓毒症休克发生率明显低于死亡组(31．03% vs 83．33%,P＜0．01),乳酸清除率明显高于死亡组[(31．86±16．34)% vs(14．77±10．35)%,P＜0．01]；高乳酸清除率组脓毒症休克发生率、病死率均明显低于低乳酸清除率组(29．45% vs 90．48%,30．67% vs 85．71%,P均＜0．01)。APACHEⅡ评分与病死率无相关性。结论乳酸清除率可用于早期评估重度脓毒症患者的预后转归。     

血小板在危重病患者全身炎症反应监测中的意义

目的 :研究血小板在危重病全身炎症反应监测中的意义 ,为全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)提供敏感而简易的临床监测指标。方法 :ICU内各种原因所致的 SIRS、脓毒症和多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)患者 2 13例 ,按临床结局将患者分为死亡组 (n=6 2 )和存活组 (n=15 1)。入院后当天和第 3d、7d、10 d进行急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分 (APACHE )、血常规和外周血中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)检测。结果 :入 ICU时存活组和死亡组 APACHE 评分明显增高 ,但无显著差异 ;治疗 7d和 10 d后 ,存活组下降至 10分以下 ,而死亡组上升至 2 0分以上 (P<0 .0 1)。血小板计数在入院时两组均降低 ,治疗 3d后有明显回升 ,但在治疗后 7d和 10 d时死亡组患者血小板再度进行性下降 ,而存活组上升至正常范围 (P<0 .0 0 1) ;白细胞总数和分类两组间无显著差异。入院时两组患者外周血中 TNFα的浓度无显著差异 ,3d后两组 TNFα均升高 ;治疗 7d和 10 d后存活组 TNFα水平显著下降 ,而死亡组患者仍维持在相对高的水平 ,两组间有显著性差异 (P均 <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :血小板进行性下降能较正确、敏感地反映全身炎症反应的强弱 ,且其检查快速、简单、易行 ,在临床上有较大的实用价值。     

全身炎症反应综合征与急性胰腺炎病情严重程度关系的探讨

目的探讨全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)与急性胰腺炎病情严重程度的相关关系，为临床治疗SIRS、降低重症急性胰腺炎病死率提供临床依据。方法调查分析2001年1月1日-2003年12月31日入住北京友谊医院感染暨急救医学科并确诊为急性胰腺炎的172例患者，患者按预后分为存活组与死亡组，采用急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分将存活患者又分为重型组与轻型组，对各组患者有无SIRS、符合SIRS诊断标准项目数、SIRS组与非SIRS组间和不同符合诊断标准项目数患者间APACHEⅡ评分进行比较分析。结果存活组与死亡组间有无SIRS及符合SIRS诊断标准项目数差异均有极显著性；存活患者中轻型组与重型组间有无SIRS及符合SIRS诊断标准项目数患者差异也有极显著性。APACHEⅡ评分在SIRS组与非SIRS组间以及不同符合SIRS诊断标准项目数患者间差异有显著性；存活组中轻型组与重型组间SIRS持续时间差异有显著性。结论SIRS与急性胰腺炎病情严重程度密切相关，早期识别及积极有效防治SIRS可提高重症急性胰腺炎治愈率。     

Critical Care in the Emergency Department A Physiologic Assessment and Outcome Evaluation

OBJECTIVES: The changing landscape of health care in this country has seen an increase in the delivery of care to critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED). However, methodologies to assess care and outcomes similar to those used in the intensive care unit (ICU) are currently lacking in this setting. This study examined the impact of ED intervention on morbidity and mortality using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS). METHODS: This was a prospective, observational cohort study over a three-month period. Critically ill adult patients presenting to a large urban ED and requiring ICU admission were enrolled. APACHE II, SAPS II, and MODS scores and predicted mortality were obtained at ED admission, ED discharge, and 24, 48, and 72 hours in the ICU. In-hospital mortality was recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients aged 64 +/- 18 years were enrolled during the study period, with a 30.9% in-hospital mortality. The ED length of stay was 5.9 +/- 2.7 hours and the hospital length of stay was 12.2 +/- 16.6 days. Nine (11.1%) patients initially accepted for ICU admission were later admitted to the general ward after ED intervention. Septic shock was the predominant admitting diagnosis. At ED admission, there was a significantly higher APACHE II score in nonsurvivors (23.0 +/- 6.0) vs survivors (19.8 +/- 6.5, p = 0.04), while there was no significant difference in SAPS II or MODS scores. The APACHE II, SAPS II, and MODS scores were significantly lower in survivors than nonsurvivors throughout the hospital stay (p 相似文献   

糖皮质激素在急性呼吸窘迫综合征综合救治中的价值探讨

目的：探讨糖皮质激素(GC)在急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)综合救治中的价值。方法：前瞻性收集2000年5月-2002年8月收入ICU所有ARDS患者的临床资料，依据是否应用GC，将患者分为GC与非GC组，统计分析两组年龄、性别、原发病、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分(APACHE Ⅱ)、氧合指数(PaO2／FiO2)、肺内分流(Qs／Qt)、机械通气、呼气末正压(PEEP)水平、病死率与直接死亡原因；同时还分析了GC组应用GC时机、剂量、疗程等对预后的影响。结果：77例患者中，GC组60例，非GC组17例，两组性别、年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、PaO2／FiO2与Qs／Qt、机械通气时间、PEEP水平、缺氧改善情况等均无显著差异(P均＞0．05)；消化道出血发生率与血浆肿瘤坏死因子—α(TNF—α)水平两组无显著差异(P均＞0．05)；GC组病死率(71．7％)高于非GC组(52．9％)，但无统计学差异(P＞0．05)；两组因ARDS所致病死率均低(7．0％和11．1％)；GC组死亡患者的年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、基础疾病等方面与存活患者差异显著(P＜0．001或P＜0．005)，住院时间也短(P＜0．05)；确诊前与确诊后24h内应用GC患者的病死率(66．7％和68．2％)低于确诊24h后应用GC的患者(90．0％)。结论：GC是ARDS综合救治的措施之一，一旦出现顽固性缺氧与休克时，应及时应用GC。     

N氨基末端脑钠肽前体联合APACHE Ⅱ评分对急性心力衰竭患者近期预后评估的意义

目的：应用N氨基末端脑钠肽前体和APACHEⅡ评分评估急性心力衰竭患者近期预后。方法：选取因急性心力衰竭入院的患者51例,分为存活组（24例）、死亡组（27例）,于治疗前及治疗后7d（死亡患者截止死亡前）进行APACHEⅡ评分、N氨基末端脑钠肽水平测定、床旁心脏超声检测左心室射血分数（LVEF）。观察两组患者治疗前后APACHEⅡ评分、N末端脑钠肽及左心室射血分数（LVEF）指标的变化情况。结果：两组治疗前N氨基末端脑钠肽不存在明显差异（P〉0.05）的情况下,但APACHEⅡ评分存在差异（P〈0.01）,可以预测病死率。治疗过程中死亡率与N氨基末端脑钠肽的下降率（下降30%为界限）以及APACHEⅡ评分相关。结论：APACHEⅡ评分联合N氨基末端脑钠肽指标与急性心力衰竭危重程度相关,可以在治疗前和治疗中判断急性心力衰竭患者病死率及预后。     

Scoring systems in cancer patients admitted for an acute complication in a medical intensive care unit

OBJECTIVE: To validate and compare two severity scoring systems, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and to determine their prognostic value for mortality during the hospital stay and after discharge in a specific group of cancer patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) for an acute medical complication. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The medical ICU of a European cancer hospital. SUBJECTS: A total of 261 consecutive cancer patients admitted to ICU for an acute medical complication. MEASUREMENTS: Variables included into the APACHE II and SAPS II scores, as well as characteristics of the cancer, were collected during the first 24 hrs of the ICU stay. Hospital and in-ICU mortalities, overall survival, and survival after day 30 were measured. RESULTS: Observed hospital and ICU mortalities were 33% and 23%. Median survival time was 94 days and 1-yr survival rate was 23%. The mean predicted risk of death was 26.5% with APACHE II and 26.1% with SAPS II. Correlation between both systems was excellent. Calibration for mortality prediction ability of both scoring systems was similar. Discrimination between survivors and nonsurvivors was superior with SAPS II according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve but was better with APACHE II for survivors using thresholds minimizing the overall misclassification rates. Multivariate prognostic analysis showed that the scoring systems were the only significant factors for hospital and in-ICU mortalities, whereas characteristics related to the cancer (extent, phase) were the factors predicting survival after discharge. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of cancer patients admitted to ICU for a medical problem is first determined by the acute physiologic changes induced by the complication, as evaluated by the severity scores. There is no major difference between the two assessed scoring systems. They are, however, not accurate enough to be used in the routine management of these patients. After recovery from complications, characteristics related to the neoplastic disease, however, retrieve their independent influence on the further survival.     

心肌损伤标志物与脓毒症预后关系的研究

目的探讨心肌损伤标志物与脓毒症预后之间的关系。方法收集深圳市福田区人民医院综合ICU脓毒症患者44例,将预后分为死亡组及存活组,比较两组患者入院24 h心肌损伤标志物：肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白I（c Tn I）以及急性生理和慢性健康状况（APACHEⅡ）评分;分别比较两组患者24 h及48 h心肌损伤标志物的差异。结果死亡组患者24 h APACHEⅡ、c Tn I显著高于存活组（P〈0.05）;两组CK-MB比较差异无统计学意义;死亡组患者48 h c Tn I显著高于24 h（P〈0.05）,48 h与24 h时CK-MB水平比较差异无统计学意义;存活组48 h与24 h时CKMB、c Tn I水平比较差异无统计学意义。结论脓毒症患者c Tn I越高,预后越差。早期动态检测c Tn I可作为评价脓毒症患者疾病严重程度及预后一个较可靠的指标。     

Preadmission quality of life can predict mortality in intensive care unit—A prospective cohort study

Purpose

We sought to investigate whether preadmission quality of life could act as a predictor of mortality among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Materials and methods

This is a prospective observational study of all patients above the age of 18 years admitted to the ICU with a length of stay longer than 24 hours. Short form 36 (SF-36) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) were used. Mortality was assessed during ICU admission, 30, and 90 days hereafter.

Results

We included 318 patients. No patients were lost to follow-up. Using the physical component summary of short form 12 (SF-12) as a predictor of ICU mortality, the area under the curve (0.70; confidence interval, 0.62-0.77) was comparable with that of APACHE II (0.74; confidence interval, 0.67-0.82). The difference between SF-12 and SF-36 was nonsignificant.

Conclusions

Preadmission quality of life, assessed by SF-36 and SF-12, is as good at predicting ICU, 30-, and 90-day mortality as APACHE II in patients admitted to the ICU for longer than 24 hours. This indicates that estimated preadmission quality of life, potentially available in the pre-ICU setting, could aid decision making regarding ICU admission and deserves more attention by those caring for critically ill patients.     

动态监测血乳酸对危重病人在预后中价值

目的:探讨危重病人血乳酸监测的临床价值。方法:结合APACHEⅡ评分,分析23例危重病人血乳酸动态变化。结果:23例危重病人3 d内死亡9例。生存组APACHEⅡ评分值为19.27分、12.34 mmol/L,死亡组A-PACHEⅡ评分值为29分、20.12 mmol/L,血乳酸与APACHEⅡ死亡组病人的血乳酸水平明显高于存活组。血乳酸与APACHEⅡ评分量呈正相关。结论:动态监测血乳酸水平量是判断危重病人预后的一个良好指标,血乳酸越高,且长时间不能恢复正常者,预后差。