上海市1994—1997年性病流行病学分析

对１９９４－１９９７年上海市性病监测点疫情资料进行流行病学分析,结果表明：上海市性病流行呈现以下特点：（１）性病发病率逐年上升,发病率由１９９４年的９０．７１／１０万上升至１９９７年的２５４．２５／１０万。（２）病种构成以淋病为主,平均构成为７１．５１％,但其构成比逐年下降,非淋菌性尿道炎和梅毒的构成比逐年上升;（３）男性发病率普遍高于女性,但尖锐湿疣和潜伏梅毒发病率女性高于男性;（４）２０－２９     

江苏省农村监测人群1985～1990年心血管病发病动态观察

按照ＷＨＯ－Ｍｏｎｉｃａ方案要求，对江苏省农村海门地区进行了心血管病的发病监测，结果显示１９８５～１９９０年间该地区２５～７４岁年龄段人群急性心肌梗塞年均发病率男女分别为３．６／１０万和０．９／１０万；脑卒中年均发病率分别为９８．３／１０万和６８．２／１０万；心血管病年均死亡率分别为１３９．９／１０万和１００．８／１０万，显示男性发病率、死亡率均较女性为高。该地区的心血管病发病情况在国内各监测区中处于低发之列，分析认为同该地区人群心血管病危险因素水平相对较低有关。     

盐城市居民肺结核病漏报监测报告

本文报道盐城市１９８６－１９９３年居民肺结核病例漏报监测结果。年新登记率由１９８６年的９５．９／１０万下降至７９．６／１０万，漏报所占比例为３９．５％下降至１６．５％；迟报所占比例由３４．７％下降至３．０％，平均迟报天数由１０１．１天对缩短至１３．５天。?     

膳食中抗氧化维生素摄入量与冠心病事件发病率的关系

目的 探讨不同人群平均胡萝卜素及其他抗氧化素的摄入量与冠心病事件发病率的关系。方法 在我国１３个人群中进行心血管病发病监测,并在抽样人群中进行了心血管病危险因素调查（包括膳食调查）结果 各人群胡萝卜素的平均摄入量（男性４２１～１４１６μｇ／１０００Ｋｃａｌ,女性５７３～２１１４μｇ／１０００Ｋｃａｌ）与冠心病事件标化发病率（男性１／１０万,女性０／１０万至７７／１０万）呈显负相关（ｒ＝－０．４２     

安贞小区脑卒中病人经济负担调查分析

于１９９２．１０．１－１９９２．１０．３１对安贞小区１９８８．１－１９９１．１２首发脑卒中（按照ＭＯＮＩＣＡ诊断标准）存活病人１６１例，进行了疾病经济负担调查。培训１０名调查员，采用统一问卷均入户调查。用历史性回顾询问法。直接经济负担部分作为本次调查分析重点。对结果用ＳＡＳ软件进行单因素及多因素分析。调查结果表明：１６１例脑卒中平均年龄６２．８岁，男性１００例，女性６１例。平均患病年限２．２６年。直接经济负担费用为６３０８．８元／２．２６年，２７９１元／年。其中医院保健花费中住院及门诊费用比例为８１．３５％，急诊、去单位医务室就诊及家庭病床的费用比例占６．７４％。非医院保健花费部分比例为１１．９％。６３０８．８元中由国家报销比例平均为８７．１％。分析表明：影响直接经济负担的主要因素有年龄、职业、医疗负担方式等。年龄低、在职、享受公费医疗的病人费用相对较高。此次调查的结果为脑卒中的预防效果的评价、健康保险的开展、卫生政策的制定等提供了可靠的数值依据。     

国产尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞40例

我科自１９９１年２月至１９９２年１２月用国产尿激酶溶栓治疗急性心观梗塞（ＡＭＩ）共４０例，其中男性２９例，女性１１例，年龄３７－７４岁，平均５２．－８．４岁。梗塞相关的冠状动脉总再通率为６５．０％，３小时内溶栓再通率６５．０％，３小时内溶栓再通率７８．３％（１８／２３），３－６小时溶栓再通率４７．１％（８／１７），两者相比差异有显著性 （Ｐ＜０．０５）。再灌注心律失常发生率７３．１％，再梗塞３例，     

江苏省1989—1998年性病流行病学分析

对近１０年江苏省性病疫情资料进行流行病学分析，结果表明：（１）性病发病呈逐年上升趋势，发病率由１９８９年的１１．５１／１０万上升至１９９８年的１０１．４０／１０万；（２）病种构成以淋病为主，但其结构比逐年下降，而尖锐湿疣，非淋菌性尿道炎和梅素构成比逐年上升；（３）经济发达的苏南地区发病率明显高于其它地区；（４）男性发病高于女性，但女性发病增长速度高于男性；（５）２０～２９岁年龄段发病率高于其它年龄     

运动心肺功能测验远期追踪

目的　探讨健康医务工作者１４ 例（ 男７ 例，女７ 例） 运动心肺功能测验前后１１ 年（７ ～１３ 年） 的自然变动。方法　采坐位踏车递增负荷测验。结果　无论男性或女性平均１１ 年后其峰值摄氧量（·ＶＯ２ｍａｘ／ｋｇ） 与无氧阈（ＡＴ 或·ＶＯ２ＡＴ／ｋｇ） 均减低。于无氧阈时通气量（·ＶＥＡＴ）、心率（ＨＲＡＴ）男性减少，女性增加。结论　①·ＶＯ２ｍａｘ／ｋｇ 男性下降１１－９％ ，平均每年下降１ ％ ；女性下降１４－８％ ，平均每年下降１－３％ 。②·ＶＯ２ＡＴ／ｋｇ 男女两性分别下降１７－９％ 及１２－６％ 。但仍＞ １４ｍＬ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｋｇ－１ ，心功能属Ａ级。③男性随年龄增长，潮气量减低，心率减慢导致通气量与心输出量减低是摄氧量降低的因素。女性尽管通气量增加，心率加快，但·ＶＯ２ｍａｘ／ｋｇ 与·ＶＯ２ ＡＴ／ｋｇ未见增加。推测与氧的提取及通气效率降低有关。     

广西老年人脑血管病死亡状况分析

１９９０～１９９２年广西随机抽样１０个市县死因调查资料，老年人脑血管病死亡率为９５１．５８／１０万，占老年人死亡２２．９％。其中以高血压脑病死亡率（５２９．８６／１０万）和死因构成（１２．７５％）最高。颅内出血的死亡率（１０２．７１／１０万）明显高于脑梗塞（６９．６３／１０万），（Ｕ＝８．５２，Ｐ＜０．００１）。流行病学特点：死亡率随年龄递增，男性高于女性１．４倍，城市高于农村，经济收入高的死亡率高，冬春季死亡率较高。     

小剂量洛伐他汀和辛伐他汀的调脂作用

本文观察小剂量３－羟－３甲戊酰辅酶还原酶抑制剂－ｌｏｖａｓｔａｔｉｎ（洛他汀１０ｍｇ／天）和ｓｉｍｖａｓａｔｉｎ（辛伐他汀５ｍｇ／天）对２８例原发性高胆固醇血症患者的血脂影响，结果发现，服药后血清总胆固醇水平分别下降２１．４％（２周）和３０．４％（４周）低密度脂蛋白胆固醇分别下降３６．３％和５２．９％，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇分别升高１５．５％和２８．３％，这三项均有统计学差异，血清甘油三酯浓度依次下降     

1990—2019年中国人群退行性二尖瓣病变疾病负担研究

目的探讨1990至2019年中国人群退行性二尖瓣病变(DMVD)疾病负担变化趋势。方法基于2019年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2019)数据库, 采用患病人数、新发病例数、死亡人数、伤残调整寿命年(DALY)以及患病率、发病率、死亡率、DALY率及其年龄标化率等指标, 分析1990至2019年中国人群DMVD疾病负担变化趋势。结果 2019年中国DMVD患病人数、新发病例数及死亡人数分别为461.2、27.0、0.129万例, 与1990年相比分别增长了209.0%、199.1%和13.2%。2019年DMVD的年龄标化患病率、发病率和死亡率分别为228.1/10万、12.7/10万和0.075/10万, 与1990年相比, 变化率分别为32.6%、42.8%和-54.1%。另外, 2019年的数据还显示, 女性的年龄标化患病率和发病率均高于男性[年龄标化患病率:男性190.1(181.5～198.9)/10万、女性262.0(250.3～273.9)/10万;年龄标化发病率:男性10.5(10.0～11.0)/10万、女性14.9(14.3～15.6)/10万];DMVD患病人数最多...     

成都市区髋部骨折发病率及其分布特点的研究

为了解成都市髋部骨折发病率,并研究其发病特点及规律,作者采用专访和与信访相结合的方法对成都市东、西城区33所医院确诊的髋部骨折445例资料构成分布情况进行了分析研究。成都市东、西城区1989年髋部骨折发病率至少为30.38/10万,男性发病率较高(30.54/10万),女性较低(30.22/10万)。骨折发病率随增龄而上升,尤其在45岁以上的中老年人,其发病率高达130.53/10万,骨折患者平均年龄为63岁。跌伤为主要伤因,自行车损伤也不可忽视。骨折发生月份在统计学上无显著差异,骨折部位以左股骨颈居多,男性股骨颈骨折与股骨转子部骨折之比值为1.36,女性为2.79,男、女骨折部位有显著差异。     

Stroke in an Isolated Population

ABSTRACT. In a retrospective study covering 14 years (1962–75), the annual incidence of stroke in the isolated population of the Faroes (approx. 40000 inhabitants) was 45.7 per 100000 in the age range 15–65 years. The type of stroke was subarachnoid haemorrhage in 34 cases, and other types of stroke were found in 111 cases. The incidence of stroke in this study was lower than in Denmark, Finland, Sweden and the USA. There was no significant sex difference (males 43.0, females 48.3) (p>0.05). It is pointed out that dietary habits on the Faroes differ from those in other Scandinavian countries.     

Burden of tuberculosis in Serbia

The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Serbia in the period 1992-2002 based on incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years (DALY). The average age-adjusted TB incidence rate in the period 1992-2002 was 36.7/100,000 in males and 21.4/100,000 in females. During the period observed, TB incidence levelled of after a long period of decreasing trend during the preceding several decades. The incidence showed slightly increasing tendency in males and decreasing one in females. The average age-adjusted mortality rate was 4.1/100,000 in males and 1.3/100,000 in females. Mortality rates significantly decreased in both males (P = .0001) and females (P = .0001). The burden of TB (DALY) was 0.70/1000 for males and 0.26/1000 for females. DALY rates significantly decreased in both males (P = .009) and females (P = .008). TB incidence and mortality as well as DALY rates increased with aging.     

我国三城市开展社区人群干预九年脑卒中发病率的变化

目的　探索适合国情的社区人群降低脑卒中发病率和死亡率的有效干预措施。方法　在脑卒中高发城市北京、上海、长沙 3个市区约 30万人群中开展社区综合性预防研究 ,其中半数设为对照人群。结果　开展加强干预 9年来 ,干预社区脑卒中发病率男性下降 5 1.5 % ,女性下降 5 2 .7%。同期对照社区男女分别下降 7.3%和 15 .7% ,两组比较有非常显著性差异。干预社区 10年平均发病率为 16 7.0 2 10万 ,对照社区为 199.96 10万 ,统计学比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。在干预社区 ,5 0岁以上高龄组发病专率逐年下降的同时 ,35～ 49岁组发病率却显示有上升趋势。结论　在人群中开展经常性的健康教育和健康促进活动 ,同时实施积极控制高血压为主的干预措施可明显降低脑卒中的发病率。     

2008—2019年上海市非户籍人口肺结核流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2008—2019年上海市非户籍人口肺结核流行特征及发病趋势,为完善针对非户籍人口的防控策略提供依据。方法 依据《传染病报告信息管理系统》中2008—2019年上海市非户籍肺结核患者的报告发病数据和人口数据,利用Joinpoint回归模型分析时间趋势,并计算各年度报告发病率和年度百分比变化(APC)及平均年度百分比变化(AAPC)。结果 2008—2019年上海市共报告非户籍肺结核患者36748例,占全人口报告发病例数的44.79%(36748/82047);12年间非户籍人口报告发病率由2008年的43.66/10万(3273例)下降至2019年的26.70/10万(2563例)(APC=-3.42%,t=-9.838,P<0.01),平均报告发病率为33.02/10万(36748例);男性患者23685例,女性患者13063例,男性的平均报告发病率为39.28/10万(23685例),高于女性的平均报告发病率(25.61/10万,13063例),差异有统计学意义(χ²=68.742,P<0.01),男性与女性报告发病率均呈下降趋势(APC=-3.27%,t=-7.444,P<0.01;APC=-3.74%,t=-9.791,P<0.01);不同年龄组中15~29岁年龄组患者占比最多,为52.69%(19364/36748),平均报告发病率最高的年龄组为75~104岁,为104.67/10万(365例),各年龄组间报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ²=486.537,P<0.01),60~74岁年龄组报告发病率在2010年后呈上升趋势(APC=3.94%,t=3.443,P<0.01),由50.44/10万(104例)上升至69.24/10万(154例)。首诊地区为中心城区肺结核报告发病率2010年前呈明显下降趋势(APC=-7.99%,t=-2.758,P<0.01),2010年后下降趋势变缓(APC=-1.28%,t=-4.726,P<0.01),非中心城区报告发病率呈下降趋势(APC=-6.04%,t=-12.173,P<0.01)。涂阳肺结核和涂阴肺结核报告发病率均呈下降趋势(APC=-7.26%,t=-28.533,P<0.01;APC=-1.67%,t=-3.852,P<0.01)。结论 2008—2019年上海市非户籍肺结核报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,男性报告发病率高于女性,60~74岁患者在2010—2019年发病率呈上升趋势,应在综合管理的基础上进一步完善针对非户籍人口的防控策略以迅速降低发病率。     

Upper gastrointestinal cancer burden in Hebei Province,China: A population-based study

AIM To investigate the incidence and mortality rates of upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC) in Hebei Province, China, and to identify high-risk populations to improve UGIC prevention and control.METHODS Data for UGIC patients were collected from 21 population-based cancer registries covering 15.25% of the population in Hebei Province. Mortality data were extracted from three national retrospective death surveys(1973-1975, 1990-1992 and 2004-2005). The data were stratified by 5-year age groups, gender and area(high-risk/non-high-risk areas) for analysis. The age-period-cohort and grey system model were used.RESULTS The crude incidence rate of UGIC was 55.47/100000, and the adjusted rate(Segi's population) was 44.90/100000. Males in rural areas had the highest incidence rate(world age-standardized rate = 87.89/100000). The crude mortality rate of UGIC displayed a decreasing trend in Hebei Province from the 1970 s to 2013, and the adjusted rate decreased by 43.81% from the 1970s(58.07/100000) to 2013(32.63/100000). The mortality rate declined more significantly in the high-risk areas(57.26%) than in the non-high-risk areas(55.02%) from the 1970 s to 2013. The median age at diagnosis of UGIC was 65.06 years in 2013. There was a notable delay in the median age at death from the 1970s(66.15 years) to 2013(70.39 years), especially in the high-risk areas. In Cixian, the total trend of the cohort effect declined, and people aged 65-69 years were a population at relatively high risk for UGIC. We predicted that the crude mortality rates of UGIC in Cixian and Shexian would decrease to 98.80 and 133.99 per 100000 in 2018, respectively.CONCLUSION UGIC was the major cause of cancer death in Hebei Province, and males in rural areas were a high-risk population. We should strengthen early detection and treatment of UGIC in this population.     

Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Korean civil servants: second study, 1992-1994.

SETTING: A survey based on biennial medical examinations for civil servants, including school teachers. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) for the general population from a sample survey, and to compare it with the previous results from 1988-1990. DESIGN: A retrospective follow-up study which started in April 1996 and ended in December 1997. Development of PTB among all South Korean civil servants who were tuberculosis-free in the 1992 biennial medical examination was followed up to the 1994 medical examination. The survey was based on newly-developed cases by 1) the findings of the biennial medical examination, 2) scrutiny of the medical records of all those claiming health insurance for tuberculosis, and 3) checking of the TB registers in all health centres during the period. Civil servants constituted 2.6% of the Korean population aged 20 to 64. RESULTS: Of 958137 subjects who were found to be TB-free in the 1992 medical examination, 957216 were eligible for the study. Radiologically active PTB was found in 4146 cases over the 2-year period of the study. Bacteriological examinations were performed in 3306 patients: there were 1551 bacteriologically proven cases (46.9%), including 1049 smear-positives (31.7%) and 502 smear-negative culture-positives (15.2%). The age-sex adjusted incidence rate for the general population was 202/100000 in radiologically active PTB, 81/100000 in bacteriologically proven PTB, and 54/100000 in smear-positive PTB. Overall PTB incidence rates were higher in males (240/100000) than in females (163/100000), and in the age group 20-24 years (280/ 100 000) than in the other age groups. CONCLUSION: Comparing the 1992-1994 PTB incidence with that observed in the 1988-1990 survey, the highest incidence was observed among young adults in both surveys, and it had not changed over time.     

Ethnic differences in inflammatory bowel disease: Results from the United Kingdom inception cohort epidemiology study

BACKGROUND The current epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) in the multiethnic United Kingdom is unknown. The last incidence study in the United Kingdom was carried out over 20 years ago.AIM To describe the incidence and phenotype of IBD and distribution within ethnic groups.METHODS Adult patients( 16 years) with newly diagnosed IBD(fulfilling Copenhagen diagnostic criteria) were prospectively recruited over one year in 5 urban catchment areas with high South Asian population. Patient demographics, ethnic codes, disease phenotype(Montreal classification), disease activity and treatment within 3 months of diagnosis were recorded onto the Epicom database.RESULTS Across a population of 2271406 adults, 339 adult patients were diagnosed with IBD over one year: 218 with ulcerative colitis(UC, 64.3%), 115 with Crohn's disease(CD, 33.9%) and 6 with IBD unclassified(1.8%). The crude incidence of IBD, UC and CD was 17.0/100000, 11.3/100000 and 5.3/100000 respectively. The age adjusted incidence of IBD and UC were significantly higher in the Indian group(25.2/100000 and 20.5/100000) compared to White European(14.9/100000,P = 0.009 and 8.2/100000, P 0.001) and Pakistani groups(14.9/100000, P = 0.001 and 11.2/100000, P = 0.007). The Indian group were significantly more likely to have extensive disease than White Europeans(52.7% vs 41.7%, P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in time to diagnosis, disease activity and treatment.CONCLUSION This is the only prospective study to report the incidence of IBD in an ethnically diverse United Kingdom population. The Indian ethnic group showed the highest age-adjusted incidence of UC(20.5/100000). Further studies on dietary,microbial and metabolic factors that might explain these findings in UC are underway.     

Incidence and mortality from thyroid cancer in Brazil

In this study we evaluated the incidence and mortality due to thyroid cancer (TC) in Brazil using incidence data provided by seven Brazilian cancer registries and mortality data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Five-year age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated over a 20-year period (1980-1999) for the country as a whole. We have calculated a 3-year age-adjusted incidence rate using data available since 1993. Age-adjusted mortality rates decreased from 0.22/100,000 to 0.28/100,000 (-21%) among males, and from 0.42/100,000 to 0.51/100,000 (-17%) among females. Among males, age-adjusted incidence rates varied from 0.7/100,000 in Belém to 3.0/100,000 in S?o Paulo. These cities also presented the lowest (0.8/100,000) and the highest (10.9/100,000) age-adjusted incidence rates among females. The downward tendency of mortality is probably explained by an improvement in diagnosis and treatment of TC over the study period, whereas geographical variations in incidence are probably related to availability of medical care resources in the different regions and the quality of cancer registers data.