AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy in a neonate with pulmonary artery thrombus

A newborn infant with obstructed supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return underwent emergent surgical correction on day of life 0. A surgically placed transthoracic pulmonary artery catheter was used to monitor pulmonary artery pressure and removed on postoperative day 3. Following acute deterioration in respiratory status requiring reintubation, echocardiographic assessment demonstrated findings consistent with pulmonary hypertension and diminished flow to the left lung. Cardiac catheterization confirmed elevated pulmonary artery pressure and near complete occlusion of his left pulmonary artery due to a thrombus. He underwent successful percutaneous catheter‐based thrombectomy using the AngioJet rheolytic catheter, recovered fully, and was discharged home on postoperative day 30. Although thrombotic events resulting in respiratory and hemodynamic compromise are rare in infants, recognition is important and treatment using mechanical thrombectomy can be life saving. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Early and long-term clinical results of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies are a mainstay in the management of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), especially when hemodynamic compromise is present. However, systemic drugs cannot achieve timely and effective treatment of acute PE in all patients. In such a setting, mechanical removal of thrombus from the pulmonary circulation holds the promise of significant clinical benefits, although it remains untested. We report early and long-term outcome of patients with massive or submassive acute PE treated with rheolytic thrombectomy by means of the 6Fr Xpeedior AngioJet device at our institution. Three main groups were defined pre hoc: subjects with severe (i.e., shock), moderate, or mild hemodynamic compromise. Technical and procedural successes, obstruction, perfusion and Miller indexes, and clinical events were appraised. In total 25 patients were treated with thrombectomy (8 in severe, 12 in moderate, and 5 in mild hemodynamic compromise). Technical and procedural successes were obtained in all patients, as confirmed by the significant improvement in obstruction, perfusion and Miller indexes overall, and in each subgroup (all p values <0.001). Improvement in obstruction, perfusion, and Miller indexes at the end of the procedure could also be confirmed in patients (n = 8) treated with local fibrinolysis and in the absence of concomitant thrombolysis (n = 17, p <0.05). Four patients died in hospital, all other patients but 1 were safely discharged after an appropriate hospital stay, and all were alive at long-term follow-up (median 61 months). In conclusion, this study supports at early and long-term follow-up the effectiveness and safety of rheolytic thrombectomy for PE.     

Percutaneous rheolytic thrombectomy for large pulmonary embolism: a promising treatment option.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common cardiovascular disease with significant mortality. Some patients with large PE are not eligible for current treatment options such as thrombolysis or surgical embolectomy. We report our experience of percutaneous rheolytic thrombectomy (PRT) using the AngioJet system combined with adjunctive local thrombolytic therapy and inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement to treat massive or submassive PE in patients ineligible for current treatment options. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the 14 consecutive patients ineligible for thrombolysis or embolectomy treated with PRT, 10 patients had massive PE (6 patients were hypotensive and 4 patients had intractable hypoxemia) and 4 patients had submassive PE. Adjunctive local thrombolysis was performed in 5 patients. An IVC filter was placed in 11 patients. Angiographic success based on Miller score was achieved in 13 patients (92.9%). Procedure success was obtained in 12 patients (85.7%). Procedural mortality occurred in one patient who presented in cardiogenic shock (7.1%) and non-fatal hemoptysis occurred in 1 patient (7.1%). Total in-hospital mortality occurred in 3 patients (21.4%). On a mean follow-up of 9 months, all 11 survivors had noted significant improvement in symptoms without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous rheolytic thrombectomy using the AngioJet may be a treatment option for patients with massive or submassive PE who may not be eligible for thrombolytic therapy or surgical embolectomy.     

Simple mechanical thrombectomy with intrapulmonary arterial thrombolysis in pulmonary thromboembolism: a small case series

Pulmonary thromboembolism （PTE） is a life-threatening condition with a high early mortality rate caused by acute right ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock. We report a series of three patients who presented with acute and subacute submassive PTE. They were suc-cessfully treated by simple catheter-based mechanical thrombectomy and intrapulmonary arterial thrombolysis. Mechanical fragmentation and aspiration of thrombus was performed by commonly used J-wire, multi-purpose and Judkin Right guiding catheters and this obviated the need of specific thrombectomy devices.     

Management of unsuccessful thrombolysis in acute massive pulmonary embolism

BACKGROUND: The management of patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE) who do not respond to fibrinolytic therapy remains unclear. We aimed to compare rescue surgical embolectomy and repeat thrombolysis in patients who did not respond to thrombolysis. METHODS: We conducted a prospective single-center registry of PE patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy. Lack of response to thrombolysis within the first 36 h was prospectively defined as both persistent clinical instability and residual echocardiographic right ventricular dysfunction. Patients underwent surgical embolectomy or repeat thrombolysis, at the discretion of the attending physician. The clinical end point was a combined end point including recurrent PE, bleeding complications, or PE-related death, which was defined as death from recurrent PE or cardiogenic shock. Long-term adverse outcomes included death, recurrent thromboembolic events, and congestive heart failure. RESULTS: From January 1995 to January 2005, 488 PE patients underwent thrombolysis, of whom 40 (8.2%) did not respond to thrombolysis. Fourteen patients were treated by rescue surgical embolectomy, and 26 were treated by repeat thrombolysis. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The in-hospital course was uneventful in 11 of the surgically treated patients (79%) and in 8 patients (31%) treated by repeat thrombolysis (p = 0.004). There was a trend for higher mortality in the medical group than in the surgical group (10 vs 1 deaths, respectively; p = 0.07). There were significantly more recurrent PEs (fatal and nonfatal) in the repeat-thrombolysis group (35% vs 0%, respectively; p = 0.015). While no significant difference was observed in number of major bleeding events, all bleeding events in the repeat-thrombolysis group were fatal. The rate of uneventful long-term evolution was the same in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Rescue surgical embolectomy led to a better in-hospital course when compared with repeat thrombolysis in patients with massive PE who have not responded to thrombolysis. The transfer of patients who have not responded to thrombolysis to tertiary cardiac surgery centers could be considered as an alternative option.     

Acute massive pulmonary embolism in a Jehovah's witness: successful treatment with catheter thrombectomy

A 71-year-old woman presented with an acute, massive pulmonary embolism. As a Jehovah's Witness, she was not willing to accept thrombolysis because of the potential risk of bleeding requiring blood transfusion. The patient was successfully treated with catheter thrombectomy, using rheolytic and fragmentation devices. (CHEST 2000; 117:594-597)     

Novel percutaneous catheter thrombectomy in acute massive pulmonary embolism: rotational bidirectional thrombectomy (ROBOT).

BACKGROUND: Although thrombolysis is a standard therapy in cases of pulmonary embolism (PE), fatal outcome is often observed. We designed and investigated the efficacy of a novel percutaneous catheter therapy, rotational bidirectional thrombectomy (ROBOT), for PE. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighteen patients with acute massive PE (Miller score > or = 20) were included in this study. We separated them into two groups [group A (n = 10), thrombolysis; group B (n = 8): thrombolysis and ROBOT or ROBOT alone]. There was no difference in the hemodynamic indices between the groups at diagnosis. ROBOT was designed to fragment emboli by rotating a regular pigtail catheter. Three deaths occurred in group A because of hemodynamic impairment, but there was no death in group B. One day after treatment, systolic pulmonary artery pressure had decreased from 53 +/- 8 to 30 +/- 8 mm Hg (P < 0.05) in group B and from 54 +/- 5 to 42 +/- 19 mm Hg (NS) in group A. The hospitalization period in group B was shorter than that in group A (17 +/- 6 vs. 27 +/- 10 days, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ROBOT therapy results in a significant, rapid improvement in the hemodynamic situation and in a better outcome than conventional therapy in patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism.     

Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for massive pulmonary embolism using a conservative treatment strategy

Introduction: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) for treatment of massive pulmonary embolism (PE) has been shown to be technically feasible, although the complication rate of the procedure appears relatively high. Whether a conservative treatment approach defined by an early termination of the PMT procedure once hemodynamic and clinical parameters of the patient have improved is associated with lower complication rates is unknown. We report our experience of PMT in patients with massive PE using the Angiojet system following a conservative treatment strategy. Methods: From April 2003 until November 2007, 13 patients underwent PMT with the Angiojet system. Indications for PMT were massive PE and either failed thrombolysis or contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. All patients were deemed high risk for surgical thrombectomy. Results: Technical success was achieved in 12 patients (92%). Mean systemic arterial pressure increased from 87 to 106 mmHg following PMT (P = 0.011), while the heart rate decreased from 119 to 97 beats per minute (P = 0.041). In‐hospital mortality was 15% (2 of 13 patients). No complications occurred which were attributable to the PMT procedure. Right ventricular size and function improved in the majority of patients following the PMT procedure. Conclusion: Using a conservative treatment approach of PMT for the treatment of massive PE carries a low periprocedural complication rate. The low morbidity was achieved without compromising clinical outcome, documented by an in‐hospital mortality of 15%. PMT using a conservative treatment approach may result in comparable mortality, but lower morbidity than PMT using more aggressive, angiographically guided treatment strategies.     

Rheolytic thrombectomy in patient with massive pulmonary embolism: a case report and review of literature.

OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in management with thrombolytic therapy or open embolectomy, the mortality rate remains high in patients with massive pulmonary embolism (MPE). BACKGROUND: We present a case of 51-year-female patient who collapsed while jogging and was brought to the Emergency Department. Upon arrival, she was found to have marked hypotension and hypoxia. EKG showed marked ST T abnormalities suggestive of anterior and lateral ischemia. Blood was drawn for labs. Patient received aspirin, heparin, and was transferred to cardiac catheterization laboratory. METHODS: Coronary angiogram revealed normal epicardial coronaries. A pigtail catheter was inserted through right femoral vein and pulmonary angiogram was performed. It revealed bilateral MPE. Tissue plasminogen activator was initiated as per standard protocol. A 7-French aspiration catheter (Export, Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, CA) was used without any success. Rheolytic thrombectomy (RT) (AngioJet, Possis, Minneapolis, MN) was performed successfully with adjunctive local and systemic thrombolytic therapy. Immediate pulmonary angiogram showed increased perfusion through right pulmonary artery. Her hemodynamic status improved significantly. Patient was discharged home after 8 days of hospitalization. Patient remains on lifelong anticoagulation therapy and she continues to remain stable at 20 months follow up. CONCLUSIONS: RT with adjunctive localized and systematic thrombolytic therapy was performed successfully in this patient with MPE and significant hemodynamic compromise. In our patient who was very unstable from cardio-respiratory perspective with maximized hemodynamic support, RT device use was life saving. RT has an advantage of not dispersing emboli particles to the distal pulmonary circulation.     

Successful percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in a haemodynamically unstable patient with massive pulmonary embolism

Massive pulmonary embolism with haemodynamic instability has a high mortality. Traditionally these patients are treated with i.v. thrombolytic therapy. When this therapeutic approach is contraindicated, surgical embolectomy and most recently, percutaneous mechanical interventions are alternative treatment options. This case report presents a 73‐year‐old female with a residual hemiparesis secondary to a mengingioma resection 45 days previously, who presented with progressive shortness of breath, accompanied by oppressive chest pain, hypotension, tachycardia and severe hypoxaemia. CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed a massive pulmonary embolism extending into the lobar branches bilaterally. The patient was treated with percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy with excellent haemodynamic and clinical outcomes.     

Rheolytic thrombectomy in patients with massive and submassive acute pulmonary embolism

Objectives : To appraise the impact of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy (RT) on angiographic and clinical endpoints in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Background : The management of patients with acute PE and hemodynamic compromise, based mainly on anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies, is challenging and still suboptimal in many patients. In such a setting, mechanical removal of thrombus from pulmonary circulation holds the promise of significant clinical benefits, albeit remains under debate. Methods : We retrospectively report on 51 patients referred to our catheterization laboratory and treated with AngioJet RT. Patients were classified according to the degree of hemodynamic compromise (shock, hypotension, and right ventricular dysfunction) to explore thoroughly the degree of angiographic pulmonary involvement (angiographic massive PE was defined as the presence of a Miller index ≥ 17) and the impact on angiographic (obstruction, perfusion, and Miller indexes) and clinical (all‐cause death, recurrence of PE, bleeding, renal failure, and severe thrombocytopenia) endpoints of AngioJet RT. Results : Angiographic massive PE was present in all patients with shock, whereas patients with right ventricular dysfunction and hypotension showed a similar substantial pulmonary vascular bed involvement. Technical success was obtained in 92.2% of patients, with a significant improvement in obstruction, perfusion and Miller indexes in each subgroup (all P < 0.0001). Four patients reported major bleedings and eight (15.7%) died in‐hospital. Laboratory experience was significantly associated to a lower rate of major bleedings. All survivors were alive at long‐term follow‐up (35.5 ± 21.7 months) except three who expired due to cancer and acute myocardial infarction. Conclusions : In experienced hands AngioJet RT can be operated safely and effectively in most patients with acute PE, either massive or submassive, and substantial involvement of pulmonary vascular bed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Amplatz血栓消融器治疗大块肺栓塞的临床应用

目的 探讨Amplatz血栓消融器(ATD)治疗大块肺栓塞(PE)的可行性。方法2001年2月-12月对3例大块中心型PE患者实施Amplatz血栓消融术。3例患者分别为溶栓治疗无效、贻误有效溶栓时机以及溶栓过程中出现大咯血者。结果3例患者血栓消融术全部成功。术后随访4—10个月，肺灌注均明显改善，尤中期效果显著。第1例患者原近乎完全闭塞的右肺动脉主干仅远端和右肺上叶动脉遗留少许附壁血栓，左肺动脉主干远端血栓消失。术后7个月核素肺灌注显像大致正常。第2例患者于肺动脉血栓消融术中气短减轻，心率由80次／min降至67次／min。术后PaO2由66．4mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)升至84．2mmHg。肺动脉收缩压由53．5mmHg降至正常。术后6个月，电子束扫描体层摄影显示，原左、右肺动脉主干远端及各叶动脉内的充盈缺损基本消失，各段肺动脉充盈较前明显改善。9个月时，核素肺灌注大致正常。第3例患者术后PaO2由74．3mmHg升至90．3mmHg；核素肺灌注显像及电子束扫描体层摄影均显示明显改善；超声示左右肺动脉内血栓消失，肺动脉收缩压由60．0mmHg降至正常。术后3个月余除右肺外段灌注呈亚肺段缺损区外，双肺放射性分布大致均匀。仅1例患者术中出现左侧轻微胸痛。术后均无溶血的临床表现。结论对急性、亚急性大块、中心型肺栓塞患者实施。Amplatz血栓消融术技术上是可行的，且安全、有效，特别是对存在溶栓禁忌或溶栓失败的患者，具有重要的临床价值。但确切疗效及评价有待大规模临床试验证实。     

Impact of catheter fragmentation followed by local intrapulmonary thrombolysis in acute high risk pulmonary embolism as primary therapy

Background

Pulmonary embolism (PE) with more than 50% compromise of pulmonary circulation results significant right ventricular (RV) afterload leading to progressive RV failure, systemic hypotension and shock. Prompt restoration of thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy, or percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) prevents progressive hemodynamic decline. We report our single center experience in high risk PE patients treated with standard pigtail catheter mechanical fragmentation followed by intrapulmonary thrombolysis as a primary therapy.

Methods

50 consecutive patients with diagnosis of high risk PE defined as having shock index >1 with angiographic evidence of >50% pulmonary arterial occlusion are included in the present study. All patients underwent emergent cardiac catheterization. After ensuring flow across pulmonary artery with mechanical breakdown of embolus by rotating 5F pigtail catheter; bolus dose of urokinase (4400 IU/kg) followed by infusion for 24 h was given in the thrombus. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded and follow up pulmonary angiogram was done. Clinical and echo follow up was done for one year.

Results

Pigtail rotational mechanical thrombectomy restored antegrade flow in all patients. The mean pulmonary artery pressure, Miller score, Shock index decreased significantly from 41 ± 8 mmHg, 20 ± 5, 1.32 ± 0.3 to 24.52 ± 6.89, 5.35 ± 2.16, 0.79 ± 0.21 respectively (p < 0.0001). In-hospital major complications were seen in 4 patients. There was a statistically significant reduction of PA pressures from 62 ± 11 mmHg to 23±6 mmHg on follow up.

Conclusions

Rapid reperfusion of pulmonary arteries with mechanical fragmentation by pigtail catheter followed by intrapulmonary thrombolysis results in excellent immediate and intermediate term outcomes in patients presenting with high risk pulmonary embolism.     

Recanalization and thrombectomy of internal anastomosis in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot using the AngioJet rheolytic catheter.

The modified Blalock-Taussig shunt is the palliative treatment of choice for tetralogy of Fallot. Shunt thrombosis is a potential complication, requiring high-risk reoperation. The use of percutaneous rheolytic devices for thrombus removal in such occluded shunts has not been previously reported. We describe a case in which use of a rheolytic catheter resulted in significant thrombus removal and rapid reversal of cyanosis and dyspnea in a 5-year-old patient. The patient remains free of symptoms at 30-day follow-up.     

AngioJet机械性吸栓术与单纯导管碎栓联合溶栓术治疗中高危急性肺动脉栓塞的疗效对比观察

目的 比较AngioJet机械性吸栓术与单纯导管碎栓联合溶栓术治疗中高危急性肺动脉栓塞(APE)的临床疗效。方法 选择2019年1月至2022年6月广西医科大学第四附属医院收治的中高危APE患者36例。根据患者的治疗意愿分为吸栓组(12例,采用AngioJet机械性吸栓治疗)和溶栓组(24例,采用单纯导管碎栓联合溶栓治疗)。比较两组的技术成功率、治疗成功率、手术操作时间、尿激酶用量、不良事件发生率、肺动脉栓塞(PE)复发率。结果 与溶栓组相比,吸栓组手术操作时间更长,尿激酶用量更少,手术前后经皮动脉血氧饱和度(SpO₂)差更大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组技术成功率、治疗成功率比较差异无统计学意义(91.67%vs 95.83%,75.00%vs 79.17%;P>0.05)。两组肺血管损伤、肾功能损伤、心律失常发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。吸栓组无出血病例,溶栓组发生出血8例(33.33%),两组出血率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经3～24(12.50±3.25)个月随访,两组PE复发率比较差异无统计...     

Outcomes of catheter-directed thrombolysis versus systemic thrombolysis in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT) versus systemic thrombolysis(ST) in the treatment of pulmonary embolism(PE).METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched to collect the literature on the comparison of the results of CDT and ST in the treatment of PE from the beginning of their records to May 2020, and meta-analysis was performed by STATA software(version 15.1). Using standardized data-collection forms, the authors sc...