三种藻酸盐印模材料与印模膏粘结强度的比较研究

目的 研究印模膏与3种藻酸盐印模材料之间的粘结强度.方法 用同一种尺寸(40 mm×30 mm×6 mm)的印模膏与3种不同藻酸盐印模材料结合后在万能试验机上测定印模膏与藻酸盐印模材料的粘结强度.结果 贺利氏藻酸盐印模材料新配方型(Heraplast NF)及红叶藻酸盐印模材料与贺利氏藻酸盐印模材料通用型(Heraplast BC)比较有显著差别(P＜0.05).贺利氏藻酸盐印模材料新配方型与红叶藻酸盐印模材料相比较无差别(P＞0.05).结论 贺利氏藻酸盐印模材料新配方型及红叶藻酸盐印模材料与印模膏粘结强度好.     

温度对藻酸盐印模材料和聚醚印模材料流动性的影响

在23℃和32℃下,对藻酸盐印模材料和聚醚印模材料调和完成后的流动性进行连续的无间断测定。23℃下,藻酸盐印模材料在调和开始190 s后固化完成,聚醚印模材料在调和后310 s固化完成。32℃下,藻酸盐印模材料在调和开始130 s后固化完成,聚醚印模材料在调和后180 s后固化完成。温度对2种印模材料调和后的操作时间和硬化时间均有影响,对聚醚印模材料的影响更大,临床应用要注意温度的变化。     

消毒剂对印模材料尺寸稳定性的影响

目的　比较质量分数为 2 %戊二醛溶液与新型有机氯消毒剂———爱尔施消毒液浸泡两种藻酸盐和两种硅橡胶印模材料后 ,对材料尺寸稳定性的影响。方法　用 6 0mm× 10mm× 10mm金属试件制取印模 ,分别在质量分数为 2 %戊二醛溶液与爱尔施消毒液中浸泡 10、2 0、30min ,用JXD - 2 5 0B型数显读数显微镜测量浸泡前和浸泡后各时段印模材料的线性长度。每种印模材料分成 2组 ,每组 10个 ,用SPSS 10 .0统计软件包对结果作统计学分析。结果　爱尔施消毒液对各种印模材料尺寸稳定性的影响与质量分数为 2 %戊二醛溶液相比无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 ) ;ImpregumF硅橡胶和ExpressPutty硅橡胶印模材料浸泡后的体积变化小于红叶和Cavex藻酸盐印模材料。结论　爱尔施消毒液不会影响印模材料的尺寸稳定性 ,可试用于临床印模的浸泡消毒 ;硅橡胶印模材料的尺寸稳定性优于藻酸盐印模材料     

水温变化对藻酸盐印模材料精度及凝固时间的影响

目的 探究水温变化对藻酸盐印模材料流动性、工作时间、凝固时间和形变量的影响。方法分别将液剂控制在4种不同水温（8℃、14℃、23℃和32℃）下用全自动印模调拌机调拌藻酸盐粉体,通过比较4组藻酸盐印模材料在玻璃板上的流动性,观测测量工作时间、凝固时间;利用模具套件制取印模,再观察印模形变量。采用SPSS 24.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析,比较各组之间的差异。结果 4种不同温度液剂调制的藻酸盐印模材料的流动性从大到小依次为8℃组>14℃组>23℃组>32℃组,且不同组别间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。工作时间及凝固时间从短到长依次为32℃组<23℃组<14℃组<8℃组,各组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,32℃组的工作时间（29.3±1.0）s和凝固时间（41.0±1.4）s以及8℃组的凝固时间（133.2±3.8）s均不符合临床使用要求。各组形变量之间存在差异,但不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论在一定范围内,水温变化和藻酸盐印模材料的流动性、工作时间及凝固时间呈负相关,临床使用时以14℃～25℃的水温较合适。     

紫外线对印模表面消毒效果的观察

目的 探讨紫外线对印模的消毒效果.方法 分别制取藻酸盐和硅橡胶印模,108个/ml的菌液0.1 ml均匀涂布在印模上,用波长为253.7 nm的紫外线对印模进行消毒,照射强度分别为1 000 μW/cm2和7 000 μW/cm2,消毒时间分别为:1 000 μW/cm2为0、10、15、20、30 s;7 000 μW/cm2为0、5、10、15、20 s.根据残留的细菌数进行消毒效果的判定,并进行统计学分析.结果 ①照射强度为7 000 μW/cm2的紫外线比强度为1 000 μW/cm2的具有更稳定的消毒作用.②使用1 000 μW/cm2的紫外线照射30 s,硅橡胶印模上试剂的细菌数明显少于藻酸盐印模(P＜0.01).③使用7 000 μW/cm2的紫外线分别照射5 s、10 s、15 s和20 s,硅橡胶印模上的细菌数明显少于藻酸盐印模(P＜0.01).结论 用紫外线对印模消毒是一个值得在临床推荐的方法,其效果在使用硅橡胶印模材料时更显著.     

调拌方法对藻酸盐印模材料操作时间固化时间的影响

藻酸盐普通型印模材料用手工、调拌器和搅拌机(8 s)调和的操作时间分别为71、66、53 s;快凝型印模材料用手工、调拌器调和的操作时间分别为56 s和51s.普通型印模材料用手工、调拌器和搅拌机(8 s)调和的固化时间分别为163、160和124 s;快凝型印模材料用手工、调拌器调和的固化时间分别为131 s和121 s.普通型印模材料较适用于手工30 s、调拌器20s和搅拌机8 s调拌;快凝型印模材料较适用于手工30 s和调拌器20 s调拌.     

3种调拌方法对藻酸盐印模材料气泡及凝固状态的影响

目的: 比较全自动印模调拌机、顺时针手动和联合八字手动3种调拌方法对藻酸盐印模材料气泡含量、流动性等物理性能的影响。方法: 分别采用3种不同调拌方法调制藻酸盐印模材料,比较印模的气泡数量、总面积和流动性,调拌前、后温度变化以及工作时间和凝固时间差异。采用SPSS 24.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 全自动调拌组气泡数量为（2.30±2.50）个,总面积为（0.17±0.18） mm²,小于顺时针手动调拌组数量[（59.60±14.19）个]和总面积[（7.41±2.24） mm²],差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;顺时针手动调拌组流动性（39.52±0.85） mm,小于全自动调拌组[（50.78±0.90） mm]和联合八字手动调拌组[（50.36±1.75） mm],差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;3种方法调印模的工作时间和凝固时间均符合临床要求。结论: 全自动调拌法印模在气泡含量、流动性等方面较佳。手动调拌中,联合八字调拌法有助于减少印模气泡与形变量,提高流动性。     

数字化口腔修复（10）--传统印模对游离龈位置影响的三维分析

目的：利用三维模型分析法比较不同印模材料印模对游离龈位置的变化量。方法：随机选取10位健康人的60颗上前牙为实验对象,实验前后分别行口内光学扫描（CEREC?AC Omnicam）,获取光学模型数据。用3种印模材料（藻酸盐、聚醚、加成型硅橡胶）取口内印模,分别灌制超硬石膏模型,并扫描石膏模型获取三维数据。将口内扫描的光学模型数据通过软件（Geomagic Qualify 2013）与石膏模型扫描的光学模型数据进行重叠,比较不同印模材料制取印模后游离龈位置变化量。结果：3种印模材料印模后的游离龈位置变化量的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;藻酸盐印模与聚醚印模的游离龈位置的差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;而加成型硅橡胶印模与藻酸盐印模和聚醚印模的游离龈位置之间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;加成型硅橡胶印模的游离龈位置的变化量最大（P＜0．05）。结论：印模过程所产生的压力会导致游离龈位置发生不同程度的改变,不同印模材导致游离龈位置的改变不一样;口内光学印模可以精确评价游离龈位置。     

藻酸盐印模材料致过敏性接触性口炎1例

藻酸盐类印模材料具有良好的流动性、可塑性,印模准确,尺寸稳定,价格低廉,使用方便,在临床应用广泛。笔者报道冠修复时对藻酸盐印模材料过敏反应1例,供临床同道借鉴。     

藻酸盐印模材料特性及在口腔修复临床中的应用

目的:将藻酸盐印模材料更好地应用于口腔修复临床.方法:了解和掌握藻酸盐印模材料的保存,贮藏与性能,以及它在应用于各类临床修复中的注意事项.结果:正确应用藻酸盐印模材料,可获得准确,清晰的印模,结论:藻酸盐印模材料应妥善保存和规范使用才能获取精确印模.     

An Investigation of the Rheological Properties of 10 Vinyl-Polysiloxane Impression Materials

Purpose The time required for 10 vinyl-polysiloxane impression materials to reach a viscosity of 5000 poise (Tcv) was estimated. This viscosity was selected based on previous work that suggested that an impression material might not be workable if its viscosity exceeded this limit. The effect of variations in the time of placement of the impression materials into a simulated oral-temperature environment was also studied. Materials and Methods The change in the viscosity of the impression materials was recorded with a viscometer at oral temperature. Impression materials were placed at either 20 seconds, 30 seconds, or 40 seconds from the start of mixing. Results There were statistically significant differences in Tcv among various impression materials. Variations in placement time significantly affected the Tcv of six impression materials. Conclusions Knowledge of the viscosity change of an impression material is beneficial in the clinical selection of an impression material.     

消毒液浸泡消毒对藻酸盐印模尺寸稳定性影响的评价研究

目的评价用三种消毒液浸泡不同时间后,四种藻酸盐印模的尺寸稳定性。方法采用符合YY1027国家行业标准和ISO 1563国际标准的标准试验装置,制取四种藻酸盐印模材料的标准印模,每种材料制取6组,每组5个印模,共120个印模。分别用2%戊二醛和84消毒液浸泡30分钟和40分钟、邻苯二甲醛消毒液(Ortho-phthalaldehyde,OPA)浸泡20分钟和30分钟。使用工具显微镜测量浸泡消毒处理前后各组印模的标志线长度,比较浸泡前后印模线性尺寸变化率,并对所得结果应用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学分析。结果①使用2%戊二醛、84消毒液浸泡处理前后,全部印模均发生显著膨胀形变(P<0.05),且形变随浸泡时间的延长而增大。②使用邻苯二甲醛消毒液浸泡处理前后,全部印模均发生显著收缩形变(P<0.05),且形变随浸泡时间的延长而增大。③不同材料的印模之间尺寸变化率的差异有显著性(P<0.05)。登士柏翡翠Jeltrate的形变率最小。④不同消毒液不同浸泡时间处理对印模尺寸稳定性影响的差异有显著性(P<0.05)。在相同浸泡时间时,使用2%戊二醛浸泡处理的印模形变率比使用84消毒液浸泡处理的印模形变率要小。结论①消毒...     

Working Times and Dimensional Accuracy of the One-Step Putty/Wash Impression Technique

PURPOSE: Using the one-step polyvinyl siloxane impression technique, this study compared the effect of putty material working time on the dimensional accuracy of recovered improved stone casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An acrylic resin master cast was fabricated with embedded reference points to enable both horizontal and vertical measurements. Four commercially available polyvinyl siloxane impression putties with light body washes were evaluated: 1) Extrude (Kerr), 2) Cutter (Coltere), 3) Express (3M), and 4) Reprosil (Caulk). Each putty was mixed by hand for 30 seconds, placed in a plastic stock tray, and seated on the master cast at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds after mixing (N = 100, n = 5). The impressions were poured in improved stone, and vertical and horizontal measurements were made to 0.001 mm between reference points on recovered casts using an optical traveling microscope. ANOVA (p < or = .05) was used to compare vertical and horizontal measurements to master cast dimensions. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found among casts for all materials and time periods tested. When horizontal measurement ranges were evaluated, Extrude casts exhibited the widest range of measurement, especially when the trays were seated at 90 and 120 seconds. When vertical measurement ranges were evaluated, Express casts at 120 seconds exhibited the widest range. CONCLUSIONS: A high range of variability in vertical and horizontal dimensions occurred at the later time periods, especially for Extrude and Express casts. As a result of rapid polymerization and poor flow properties of putty materials, the impression tray should be seated within 60 seconds after putty mixing to reduce dimensional variability of recovered casts.     

Physical properties and compatibility with dental stones of current alginate impression materials

This study examined physical properties and compatibility with dental stones of two types of alginate impression materials. Five powder-type alginate impression materials (Alginoplast EM, Aroma Fine, Algiace Z, Coe Alginate, Jeltrate Plus) and a paste-type alginate impression material (Tokuso AP-1) were used. The dynamic viscosity immediately after mixing was measured by means of a controlled-stress rheometer. The gelation times were determined according to Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) T6505, and recovery from deformation, strain in compression and compressive strength were determined according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specification 1563. Detail reproduction and surface roughness of type III dental stones (New Plastone, New Sunstone) and a type IV dental stone (Die Stone) were evaluated using a ruled test block as specified in the ISO specification 1563 and a profilometer, respectively. The alginate impression materials evaluated in this study were all in compliance with the ISO specification 1563 and JIS T6505. The alginate impression materials had similar mechanical properties after gelation, whilst a wide range of dynamic viscosity immediately after being mixed, gelation times and compatibility with dental stones were found among the materials. The paste-type material had a higher dynamic viscosity and a shorter gelation time than the powder-type materials. The best surface quality was obtained with the paste-type material/type III dental stone cast combinations. The materials should be selected in consideration of initial flow, setting characteristics and compatibility with dental stones. The results suggested that a paste-type material would better meet the requirements of an alginate impression material.     

Fundamental studies of elastic impression materials (part III). Viscoelastic properties from start of mix for alginate impression materials (author's transl)]

The viscoelastic properties during setting of commercial alginate impression materials vary considerably from one product to another. In order to obtain an acculate impression, it is important to understand these differences in viscoelastic properties. The purpose of this investigation is to develop the method of measuring viscoelastic properties during setting and to determine precise setting characteristic of commercial alginate impression materials. The materials used in this investigation were mixed according to the manufacturer's recommendation at a temperature of 23 +/- 0.5 degrees C and transferred after 60 sec from start of mixing to the testing instrument in an air cabinet at 32 +/- 0.5 degrees C and allowed to set. The mixing time for materials was 30 seconds. The apparatus used in this investigation is the oscillating rheometer modifiied by Inoue and Wilson (1977). The working times of impression materials procured at retail in alginate paste were shorter than those of alginate Impression materials in powder. Alginate, Jeltrate (regular), Xantalgin (normal) and Zelgan had long working time. In case of these materials, the variation of elastic modulus during the time of working was small markedly. All other materials used in this investigation, with the exception of Alginate, indicated a considerable increase torsional shear modulus after the setting time determined by the method of British standard.     

3种方式调拌Jeltrate藻酸盐印模材料的气泡含量及物理性能比较

目的：评价全自动印模调拌机、半自动印模调拌机、手动调拌3种调拌方法调拌藻酸盐印模材料的气泡含量及物理性能。方法在同种条件下（室温、水粉比、蒸馏水温度）,分别采用全自动印模调拌机调拌法、半自动印模调拌机调拌法、手动调拌法调制藻酸盐印模材料。比较各调拌方法所调制材料的气泡数量、气泡总面积、压应变值、弹性回复值、流动性。结果3种调拌方法的气泡量和气泡面积之间差异有统计学意义。全自动调拌机调拌的材料气泡最少,半自动调拌机调拌的材料次之,手动调拌的材料气泡最多。3种调拌方法调拌的材料物理性能均符合国家相关标准,手工调拌法的弹性回复值低于半自动调拌法及全自动调拌法,全自动调拌法印模流动性最好。结论在本实验条件下,藻酸盐印模材料调拌方法对材料气泡含量及其物理性能有影响;不同调拌方法所调材料物理性能均符合国家相关标准,全自动调拌法所调材料性能最佳。     

Factors affecting the accuracy of elastometric impression materials

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of (1) various impression materials, (2) different storage times and (3) the proportion of inorganic filler on the accuracy and stability of elastometric impression materials.

Methods. The impression materials studied included three alginate impression materials (Algiace Z, CAVEX and Jeltrate), five commercial silicone impression materials (Aquasil, Exaflex regular type, Express, Coltex fine and Rapid liner) and two experimental silicone impression materials designed for this study (KE106A and KE106B). Impressions were made of 10 metal dies that mimicked prepared crowns. After an impression was taken, dental stone was immediately poured into the alginate impressions, while the silicone impressions was poured 30 min later and waited for 1 h for setting. The second and third stone dies were made 1 and 24 h later, respectively. The diameters of the occlusal surfaces of the metal dies and stone casts were determined using photographs of the surfaces taken with a Kodak DC 290 digital camera. The pictures were then measured using a photomicrograph digitized integration system to calculate any discrepancy. Because each impression was used to make three rounds of stone dies, two-factor mixed factorial ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of materials and storage time on the accuracy of the stone casts. The simple effects analysis, combined with multiple comparisons considering the per family type I error rate, was performed following confirmation that an interaction between the two factors was significant.

Results. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant interaction effect between materials and storage times on the accuracy of the impressions. (2) Two addition type silicone materials, Aquasil and Exaflex, had the greatest accuracy and stability. (3) The experimental material KE106A had the least accuracy in the first and second rounds and the alginate impression material CAVEX had the least accuracy in the third round. (4) The stabilities of CAVEX and Jeltrate were the least consistent of the 10 materials and decreased significantly with storage time. (5) When the experimental material had a low proportion of filler (KE106A), there was a significantly greater dimensional discrepancy compared to the same material with a higher proportion of filler (KE106B).

Conclusions. The accuracies varied among the 10 impression materials over three rounds. Of all the materials, the addition type silicone materials, Aquasil and Exaflex, had relatively greater accuracy and stability. The discrepancy of the alginate impression materials increased with storage time. The large loading of filler showed less discrepancy.     

Surface accuracy of hydrophilic impressions. 1

The purpose of this study was to examine detail reproducibility and surface roughness of stone models made from silicone, polysulfied rubber, alginate and agar impression materials using stainless steel test block (ISO). In addition, the influence of artificial saliva was studied. The following results were obtained: 1. Silicone impression materials showed the best detail reproducibility of all materials. 2. When artificial saliva was dropped on the stainless steel test block, hydrophilic silicone impression material showed the best detail reproducibility. 3. In the test using artificial saliva, alginate and agar impression materials showed better surface roughness, but poorer detail reproducibility than silicone impression ones. 4. Hydrophilic silicone material indicated the highest detail reproducibility, and the lowest surface roughness in the test using artificial saliva.     

载银纳米TiO2抗菌剂对藻酸盐印模材料抗菌性能的影响

目的:研究载银纳米二氧化钛(Ag-TiO₂)抗菌剂对藻酸盐印模材料抗菌性能的影响,分析其最佳添加比例。方法:常温下将载银纳米TiO₂粉末按不同质量分数0~3.5%加入藻酸盐印模中,采用薄膜覆盖法检测藻酸盐印膜材料的抗菌性。结果:分析实验数据可知实验组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),并且随着Ag-TiO₂抗菌剂添加质量比的增高,抗菌率明显增高 ,在抗菌剂质量分数达到2.0%时,藻酸盐印膜材料抗菌率达到99%以上,2.0%为其最佳添加比例。结论:添加Ag-TiO₂抗菌剂对藻酸盐印模材料具有抗菌性,且2.0%为抗菌剂的最佳添加质量比。