青少年近视眼雾视配镜法的临床观察

目的 观察低度雾视配镜法的准确性、实用性.方法 眼视光门诊就诊91例(182只眼)青少年近视患者,男46例,女45例,年龄8～18岁,平均(12.82+0.51)岁,屈光度-0.50D～4.00D,均值(-2.18±0.14)D,裸眼视力(0.41±0.03).电脑验光后先戴比实际度数低1.00～2.00D的镜片,试戴30min后,检查视力.达不到1.0者再适当增加凹透镜度数、调整散光度数及散光轴使视力达到1.0,记录矫正度数.当日对低度雾视验光矫正试镜后患者用美多丽-P散瞳,每5min滴药一次,共6次,最后一次滴药40min后再次电脑验光,并插片矫正使视力达1.0.结果 美多丽-P散瞳前平均屈光度(-2.18±0.14)D,散瞳后平均屈光度(-1.94±0.14)D,二者配对t检验差异有显著意义(t-6.982;P＜0.001).美多丽-P散瞳配镜平均度数(-1.69±0.131)D,低度雾视配镜平均度数(-1.694±0.14)D.二者配对t检验差异无统计学意义(t-0.453;P＞0.05).结论 低度雾视配镜法与美多丽-P散瞳后配镜法等效球镜值差异无统计学意义.不同性别及年龄组患者分别用这两种方法配镜等效球镜差异无显著性.青少年近视眼雾视配镜法是科学、准确、实用、方便的验光配镜方法.对于8岁以上疑似近视眼的青少年可以用雾视配镜法代替美多丽-P快速散瞳配镜法.     

青少年近视眼雾视配镜法的临床观察

Objective To observe the accuracy and the practicability of the low-degree matching fog lens in myopia.Methods Ninety-one eases(182 eyes,46 males and 45 females)of juvenile myopia in the ophthalmology and optometry clinic were included in this study.Aged 8-18 years old,the average was(12.82 ±0.51)years old.The diopter was between-0.50D and-4.00D,the average was(-2.24±0.15)D,and the average uncorrected visual acuity was(0.41±0.03).First,the patients wear the lenses of 1.00D～2.00D lower than the actual diopter according to the computer optometry examination.Second,cheek the eyesight after of wearing the glasses 30 minutes.Last,for those whose eyesight was less than 1.0,appropriately increase the number of concave lens,adjust the degree of astigmatism and astigmatic visual axis to make their eyesight up to 1.0,then record the correctional degree.On the same day,for those who have worn the lenses through the method of matching the fog lens for nearsightedness,use the mydriatie eye drop,named of Victoria-P made in US,dropping once every five minutes,total to six times.After the last eye dropping,computer optometry was performed again 40 minutes later,and then visual acuity was corrected to 1.0 by interpolation.Results.The average diopter was(-2.18±0.14)D before mydriasis by the Victoria-P,the average diopter was(-1.94±0.14)D after mydriasis.There was remarkably significant difference using t test(t-6.982;P＜0.001).2.The average degree of matching the lens by mydriasis with the Vietoria-P is(-1.69±0.131)D,the average degree of matching the lens for nearsightedness fog was(-1.694±0.14)D.There was not remarkably significant difference using t test(t-0.453;P ＞0.05).Conclusions There is not remarkably significant for equivalent sphere-lens-value between the method of matching the fog lens for nearsightedness and the method of matching the lens after mydriasis with the Victoria-P.There is no sex and age difference using the two methods.The method of matching the fog lens for juvenile possessing nearsightedness is a scientific,accurate,practical and convenient method of optometry and matching the lens.For young people more than eight-year-old who was suspected of myopia,use the method of matching the fog lens can replace the method of matching the lens for rapid mydriasis with the Victoda-P.     

新时期成年人近视患者散瞳验光的必要性探讨

目的:探讨成年人近视眼患者复方托吡卡胺散瞳前后的电脑验光结果的差异性。方法:应用TOPCON8000型电脑验光仪记录72例144眼18~30岁长时间近距离用眼的成年人近视患者复方托吡卡胺散瞳前后的电脑验光数据,并对记录结果进行统计学分析。结果:长时间近距离用眼的成年人近视患者复方托吡卡胺散瞳前后电脑验光结果具有显著差异性(P<0.01)。结论:对于新时期有长时间近距离用眼工作史的成年近视患者,复方托吡卡胺散瞳验光仍有必要性。     

儿童青少年视光公益项目验光配镜原则

我国偏远地区存在儿童青少年视力不良矫正率低、重视度不高等问题。在这些地区开展视光公益项目时,最重要的环节是验光与配镜。为了给视光公益项目提供一套标准、可执行的验光配镜流程,提高偏远地区视光从业人员的验光配镜水平,改善儿童青少年屈光矫正不普及、不规范、不准确的现状,本文在前期专家共识的基础上,结合公益项目的特殊情况制定本原则。     

青少年近视综合验光与散瞳验光屈光度分析

目的:探讨初诊12～16岁青少年近视在应用综合验光仪验光与美多丽散瞳后验光,其结果的比较及临床意义。方法:在我院2009-01/09患者中随机抽取100例200眼初诊患者,年龄12～16(平均14.5)岁,其中男80眼,女120眼。近视在0.50～4.50DS,散光在0.50～2.00DC,对其进行基础检查,排除眼病。将综合验光仪验光得出的结果和美多丽P散瞳后插片验光得出的结果进行比较。结果:综合验光仪验光者屈光度的均值为-1.68±0.80D,美多丽P散瞳后插片验光者屈光度的均值为-1.54±0.80D,综合验光仪验光得出的结果比美多丽P散瞳后插片验光得出的结果高,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于初诊的12～16岁青少年近视患者,临床中还要广泛地应用美多丽P散瞳验光,比小瞳下综合验光仪验光结果更加可靠。     

近视患者80例医学验光分析

目的 观察近视眼验光中屈光状态的变化.方法 将80例(156只眼)近视患者进行4分医学验光,分析比较验光结果与患者年龄、戴镜史、优势眼等因素之间的关系.结果 ①散瞳前、后及复查时患者平均等效球镜度(AESLD)分别为-(1.92±0.98)D,-(1.60±0.77)D和-(1.71±0.81)D,较散瞳前差异均有统计学意义(P=0.002,P=0.010).②各年龄段(7～12)岁、(12～16)岁散瞳前AESLD分别是-(1.45±0.57)D,-(2.13±0.79)D,散瞳后为-(1.08±0.56)D,-(1.82.±0.68)D,复查时为-(1.23±0.45)D,-(1.92±0.52)D.每绀散瞳前后(P=0.003,P=0.003)及复查时(P=0.041,P=0.025)差异均有统计学意义.③既往有配镜史者散瞳前后AESLD分别为-(2.07±0.65)D和-(1.79±0.56)D(P=0.019),无配镜史者为-(1.85±0.72)D和-(1.49±0.61)D(P=0.000).两组散瞳前后AESLD差异均有统计学意义.④优势眼多见于右眼.优势眼与近视度数有一定的相关性,且对度数的改变更为敏感.结论 对16岁以下的近视患者必须进行医学验光,在验光配镜过程中尤其要注意对优势眼的精确矫正.     

综合验光仪在老视配镜处方中的应用

长期以来,人们忽略了对老视度数的精确验光,导致许多中老年人戴镜后出现明显的视疲劳症状。我科对63例老视患者使用综合验光仪行老视医学验光,现报告如下。     

盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液在近视儿童散瞳验光中的应用

目的分析1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液（赛飞杰）对3-12岁近视儿童散瞳验光的结果,探讨其在3-12岁近视儿童散瞳验光中应用的可行性。方法对58例（116只眼）年龄3-12岁近视儿童患者,分别用1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液和1%阿托品眼膏散瞳验光,比较两种方法的验光结果。结果 1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液与1%阿托品眼膏散瞳后球镜值和柱镜值差异无显著性,P0.05。球镜值在116只眼中,结果相同或相差≤0.50D者114只眼,相差≥0.75D者2只眼,球镜值符合率为98.28%。柱镜值在68只眼中,结果相同或相差≤0.25D者67只眼,相差≥0.75D者1只眼,符合率为98.53%。各年龄组球镜值和柱镜值符合率均在95%以上,差异无统计学意义,P0.05。结论 1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液是一种安全有效的睫状肌麻痹剂,可用于3-12岁近视儿童散瞳验光。     

青少年近视足矫与欠矫配镜的临床观察

目的：观察青少年近视患者足矫或欠矫配镜的近视发展程度。

方法：选取2008-01/2012-09在我科就诊的青少年近视患者132例264眼。分为足矫与欠矫两组,足矫组给予完全矫正并要求配镜后常戴,欠矫组给予低矫-0.25～-0.50D。每隔6mo复查,随访12mo对比两组患者近视屈光度。

结果：足矫组与欠矫组相比,6mo时两组间平均近视度无明显差异(P=0.0693); 12mo时两组间比较有显著性差异(P=0.0013)。

结论：足矫并且常戴镜患者的近视发展相对较慢。     

电脑验光与视网膜检影对青少年近视的比较研究

目的:对近视性青少年应用电脑验光及视网膜检影后,了解验光结果与复验结果的符合情况。方法:对2003/2005年就诊的186名(372眼)青少年性近视患者,全部进行远、近视力、外眼和眼底检查,均无眼前节炎症、白内障、眼底病和其他眼疾。使用日本生产的NIDEKAR—800型自动验光仪先作电脑验光,再用复方托品酰胺散瞳检影验光,次日瞳孔恢复正常后,再次复验,基于检影验光的结果进行主观验光,以确定配镜处方度数。比较电脑验光及散障检影验光的结果与配镜处方结果的差异。结果:正常瞳孔下电脑验光和散瞳下检影验光得到的屈光度和散光轴向相同或极其相似,统计学处理无显著性差异(P>0.05);但是,正常情况下电脑验光、散瞳后电脑验光的球镜值与配镜处方之间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),柱镜值及轴向结果相同或极其相似,结果无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:无论是电脑验光还是视网膜检影,对青少年性近视患者,均需要结合主观验光,综合考虑而得出最佳矫治数据。     

Artificial intelligence-aided diagnosis and treatment in the field of optometry

With the rapid development of computer technology, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to ophthalmology has gained prominence in modern medicine. As modern optometry is closely related to ophthalmology, AI research on optometry has also increased. This review summarizes current AI research and technologies used for diagnosis in optometry, related to myopia, strabismus, amblyopia, optical glasses, contact lenses, and other aspects. The aim is to identify mature AI models that are suitable for research on optometry and potential algorithms that may be used in future clinical practice.     

四段式教学模式在验光学教学中的应用研究

目的:探讨改良的四段式教学模式在验光学教学过程中的应用效果。方法:选择2018-09/2019-06在我院眼视光学专业2016级109名学生作为研究对象,以验光学期中考试成绩作为基线成绩参考,对照组采用传统的教学模式,试验组采用改良的四段式教学模式。比较两组学生期末验光结业考试的成绩,学生对验光课程教学的满意度以及自我能力评价。结果:对照组三项期末成绩(验光基础理论知识、实验操作技能和临床案例分析)与基线成绩相比无差异(P>0.05);试验组三项期末成绩与基线成绩相比均有显著提升(P<0.05);两组学生期末成绩相比有差异(P<0.05)。试验组学生对验光课教学过程和结果的满意度以及评价自我能力提高方面均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:四段式教学能有效提高眼视光学专业学生验光学教学的效果,能使学生更快更有效地适应临床工作。     

低度近视戴镜与否对近视发展程度的影响

目的:观察早期真性低度近视者不戴眼镜与配戴合适的眼镜对近视发展程度的影响。方法:回顾性研究2007-12/2009-12年就诊于我院的8～12岁在校学生中有完整病例,近视在-0.50～-2.00DS之间的初诊患者,分为2组,两组患者均采用睫状肌麻痹剂散瞳医学验光。第1组:未配戴眼镜组24眼;第2组:戴框架眼镜组28眼。将两组患者2a近视增长结果进行比较。应用t检验方法比较两组患者近视增长的程度。结果:第1组患者近视增长-2.07±0.52D,第2组患者近视增长-1.49±0.48D,两组差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:对于未戴镜患者近视增长较快,近视-0.50D以上者看远应配戴眼镜,以提高视网膜成像质量,使家长走出近视后不愿戴眼镜的误区。     

低度近视戴镜足矫与欠矫对近视发展的影响

目的：观察早期真性低度近视者戴镜足矫或欠矫对近视发展程度的影响。 方法：回顾研究2010-07/2011-08来院就诊的50例100眼8~12岁在校学生,近视度-1.00~-2.00D。分为两组,均用睫状肌麻痹剂作医学验光,第1组50眼患者近视度-1.55±0.37D,戴镜足矫;第2组50眼患者近视度-1.50±0.48D,戴镜欠矫。将两组患者1.5a后的近视增长结果进行比较,应用t检验方法比较两组患者近视增加的程度。 结果：第1组患者近视增加-0.75±0.43D,第2组患者近视增加-1.55±0.27D,两组差异有显著统计学意义(P＜001)。 结论：对于欠矫的患者近视增长较快,近视在-1.00D以上者看远应戴足矫眼镜,以提高视网膜上成像质量,其近视程度的发展也较戴镜欠矫者减少。     

Perspectives and clinical practices of optometrists in Saudi Arabia concerning myopia in children

AIM: To investigate the practice patterns of optometrists in Saudi Arabia regarding myopia management.METHODS: An internet-based survey was distributed to all practicing optometrists in Saudi Arabia (n=1886). The survey contained questions related to 1) demographics, 2) knowledge about myopia and its associated complications, 3) current clinical care, 4) type and frequency of myopia treatment prescribed, and 5) potential barriers limiting treatment adoption.RESULTS: The completed surveys were collected from 171 optometrists (9.06% response rate, 60% male). Knowledge regarding myopia-associated complications was prevalent but somewhat inaccurate among the respondents. Cycloplegic refraction at initial visit was used by 59% of the respondents. The cover test was the most reported binocular vision test (83%), and 38% of optometrists did not perform any ocular biometrics. Two-thirds prescribed single-vision spectacles for children with myopia. Increased time spent outdoors was selected by 80% of the practitioners who prescribed myopia control treatment as the primary approach. Insufficient support and lack of clinical experience in providing myopia treatment were reported as the most important factors limiting the adoption of myopia management strategies.CONCLUSION: The current optometric practices in Saudi Arabia require further investigation. Optometrists appear to be somewhat aware of myopia and the associated risks. However, most evidence-based myopia treatments are not being locally adopted, primarily because of lack of support, lack of experience, and limited availability.