先天性心脏病室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏6例分析

我院 1 991～ 2 0 0 1 - 0 3年共于浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下行先心病室间隔缺损修补术 30 2例 ,共发生残余漏 6例 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组男 2例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 2～ 9岁 ,膜周部 4例 ,漏斗部肺动脉干下型 2例 ;缺损范围 0 .4～ 0 .9cm,合并肺动脉中重度高压者 2例 ,残     

先天性心脏病介入封堵术23例的护理

先天性心脏病是一种常见病,据国内外报道该病的发病率每年在不断上升,有的地区患病率超过1%。先天性心脏病的介入治疗具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等诸多优点,所以被大多数人接受。我科2008—06～2010～01间共为23例先天性心脏病患者行介入治疗．取得了良好的疗效。现将临床中的护理体会总结如下。     

先天性心脏病患儿合并二尖瓣反流的外科处理策略

目的探讨在婴幼儿先天性心脏病合并二尖瓣反流时,积极或者保守的二尖瓣处理策略间的区别。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2011年1月127例先天性心脏病合并二尖瓣反流患儿的临床资料,手术年龄为68～5261(627.58±986.32)d,体重3.8～54(8.90±6.83)kg,男57例,女70例。第一诊断包括室间隔缺损(89例)、动脉导管未闭(13例)、房间隔缺损(9例)、主动脉缩窄(7例)、冠状动脉起源异常(4例)、主动脉瓣狭窄(3例)、冠状动脉右心室瘘(1例)、主动脉弓中断(1例)。以是否进行二尖瓣整形为标准,将患者分为两组,其中67例进行了包括第一诊断和二尖瓣整形在内等的矫治手术,而另外60例则未对二尖瓣进行处理。除了主要诊断的外科矫治外,二尖瓣整形手术包括二尖瓣环缩、裂缺缝合、二尖瓣双孔等。随访时间7～1131(235.39±247.81)d。术前、术后随访主要参考依据为经胸多普勒超声,少部分患者术后采用经食道多普勒超声进行评估。结果二尖瓣整形组术前二尖瓣反流轻度12例(17.91%),轻中度反流24例(32.84%),中度反流29例(43.28%),中重度反流1例(1.49%),重度反流1例(1.49%);未整形组则相应为:轻度反流6例(10%)、轻中度反流39例(65%)、中度反流14例(23.33%)、重度反流1例(1.67%)。随访过程中无死亡病例,结果显示,二尖瓣整形组患者二尖瓣反流加重3例,维持原状15例,减轻49例;二尖瓣未处理组,二尖瓣反流加重3例,维持原状14例,减轻44例。对两组患者术前术后的二尖瓣反流状况的改变进行非参数Wilcoxon秩和检验,无统计学差异(P<0.05)。对中度以上二尖瓣反流患者的对比发现,积极外科处理与保守治疗之间无统计学差异(P<0.05);单纯对室间隔缺损合并二尖瓣反流患者的分析两组之间也无统计学差异(P<0.05),13例动脉导管未闭患者均未对二尖瓣进行处理,术后二尖瓣反流均有改善(100%)。结论在儿童患者中,二尖瓣反流     

孪生姐妹及其母亲同患先天性心脏病报告

1　病历简介患儿母亲 2 5岁。无特殊病史。第一次妊娠 ,妊娠 37周作产前检查时发现心脏有杂音 ,杂音位于胸骨左缘第 2肋间 ,呈双期连续性机器样杂音 ,肺动脉第二音亢进 ,周围血管征阳性。彩色超声心动图示动脉导管未闭 ,导管内径 1.0 cm ,长1.2 cm,左心房、左心室轻度增大 ,肺动脉增宽。心电图示电轴左偏 ,左室高电压。未作特殊治疗 ,在严密监护下足月顺产一对孪生女婴 ,体重分别为 2 40 0 g和 2 2 0 0 g,无窒息抢救史。出生后生长发育和喂养情况可。两患儿出生 6个月后经常感冒 ,无心衰史。 1岁时来院就诊 ,查体无紫绀 ,胸骨左缘 2、3肋间…     

小儿先天性心脏病心内直视术后380例引流管的护理

目的探讨小儿先天性心脏病术后心包和（或）胸腔闭式引流管的观察和护理方法。方法对380例放置心包和（或）胸腔闭式引流的患儿进行精心细致的护理。结果 370例于术后48～72h顺利拔管,5例术后4～6d拔管,均康复出院。5例死亡。结论采用多种方式加强引流管的观察和护理,严格执行无菌操作,确保水密封及各引流管连接牢固,同时掌握好拔管的指征、方法及注意事项,是保证置管引流成功,促进患儿康复的重要措施。     

先天性室间隔缺损修补术病人的护理

先天性室间隔缺损是小儿先天性心脏病中最常见的一种心脏畸形,约占先心病发生率的20%[1],是由于心脏在胚胎发育中,两心室之间的间隔发育异常,在左右心室之间形成的异常通道。缺损可单独存在,也可以与肺动脉狭窄、房间隔缺损、动脉     

小儿先天性心脏病围术期舒适护理体会

近年人性化护理模式备受关注,舒适护理是一种人性化整体护理模式,可使患者在生活、心理、社会环境上达到愉悦状态或降低不愉快程度[1].小儿先天性心脏病手术治疗作为一种重大心理性和生理性应激源,不但可造成患儿生理上的创伤,而且能引起强烈的心理应激反应,对其神经、内分泌及循环系统产生影响,直接干扰麻醉和手术,影响手术效果[2-8].我院心胸外科于2008年3月～2009年6月对82例8个月～11岁的小儿先天性心脏病手术围术期采用舒适护理模式,取得满意效果.现介绍如下.     

婴儿先天性心脏病术后呼吸道的管理

随着医疗技术的发展 ,小儿先天性心脏病手术的年龄愈来愈小 ,婴儿手术所占比例也越来越大 ,我科近 2 a1岁以下婴儿手术占同时期先心病手术的 2 2 %。由于婴儿其特殊的呼吸道生理解剖特点 ,加之其术前即有反复心衰和肺部感染史 ,往往导致术后肺部并发症 ,使呼吸机难以撤离。所以如何做好此类患儿术后的呼吸道管理显得尤为重要 ,成为决定手术能否成功的最后一个关键环节。本文就如何进行婴儿先天性心脏病术后呼吸道管理进行分析 ,现报告如下。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　我院 2 0 0 1- 0 3～ 2 0 0 2 - 12所收治的年龄 <1周岁 ,体重 <10 kg的 5 …     

婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后监护临床观察

【目的】探讨如何提高婴幼儿先天性心脏病(先心病)术后并发症的治愈率及降低术后死亡率。【方法】1997年7至2005年7月期间心胸外科术后监护室(CICU)<3岁的患儿资料33例。分成前9例,后24例两组,后组应用改进的监护常规和新医药,新技术。两组按例数,术后危及生命的严重并发症的治愈率、CICU死亡率、呼吸机使用时间、CICU滞留天数等进行比较。【结果】后组较前组例数增加了166.6%,CICU死亡率下降了25%(P<0.01),术后低心输出量综合征、心律失常、肾功能衰竭的治愈率分别提高了30%、100%、100%(P<0.05).呼吸机使用时间下降了33.3%,其中24小时拔管增加了近80%,CICU滞留天数下降了32.7%(P<0.05)。【结论】术后监护的日益规范和完善,新医药、新技术的推广应用,有助于提高婴幼儿先心病术后的生存率。     

新生儿先天性心脏病急诊手术围术期的护理

报告了80例新生儿先天性心脏病急诊手术围术期的护理。除9例非体外循环手术外,其余71例均在全麻、深低温、低流量、停循环下进行心内直视手术。手术前后护理重点包括:术前维护心功能;术后除有效的心、肺功能监测外,特别强调对血容量的控制,每班精确计算24h出入量,保持其平衡,给予营养支持,加强基础护理,重视并发症的预防,早期干预,积极治疗。本组手术死亡9例,病死率11.3%,71例痊愈出院。随访1～24个月患儿恢复良好,生长发育正常。     

Predictors of unusual ECG characteristics in cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter ablation

Background: An unusual 12‐lead electrocardiographic pattern may be present in patients with cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)‐dependent flutter. Objective: Using baseline patient characteristics and echocardiography, we sought to study predictors of unusual electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics in patients with CTI‐dependent atrial flutter. Methods: This was a dual‐center, retrospective cohort study of 147 patients undergoing electrophysiology study and ablation for CTI‐dependent atrial flutter. Results: Among this cohort, 23 patients (16%) had unusual 12‐lead ECG characteristics. Using multivariate logistic regression, we found two clinical predictors for having an unusual ECG pattern. A clockwise (CW) pattern at time of electrophysiology study was the strongest predictor of an unusual ECG pattern (odds ratio 15.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0–59.4, P < 0.005). In addition, patients with decreased systolic function had a 3.5 greater odds (95% CI 1.1–11.5, P = 0.037) of having an unusual ECG pattern. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that among patients suffering from CTI‐dependent atrial flutter who are referred for ablation, 16% will have unusual ECG patterns. Patients with CW atrial activation and left ventricle dysfunction have greater odds of manifesting unusual patterns by surface electrocardiogram. (PACE 2011; 34:1251–1257)     

Use of complex fractionated atrial electrogram mapping system in mapping and ablating the atrial flutter of a transplanted heart

Atrial flutter in donor part of orthotopic heart transplant has been reported and treated by radiofrequency ablation in the past. Complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFE) mapping has been used to simplify the ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation. Here, we report a case with atrial flutter in an orthotopic heart transplant whose circuit mapping was difficult. Using CFE helped us to define the arrhythmia circuit easily and perform curative ablation.     

Clinical dysrhythmias after surgical repair of congenital heart disease

Innovations in surgical and medical treatment continue to improve the outlook for children with complex congenital heart disease. Although mortality continues to decrease, disease-related morbidity is increasing as a large cohort of these patients is reaching young adulthood, pursuing careers, marrying, and in many cases having children of their own. Chronic recurrent dysrhythmias are a frequent cause of long-term morbidity in this population and result in frequent, unanticipated emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Although not usually life threatening, they can pose considerable challenges to the patients and the providers who care for them. This article provides an overview of the most common dysrhythmias encountered in this population, dysrhythmia substrates, and therapeutic options.     

Early extubation after surgical repair of congenital heart disease

Of 220 pediatric patients recovering from surgical repair of congenital heart disease, 147 (67%) met our criteria for early extubation and were extubated either in the operating room or within 6 h after admission to the surgical ICU. The duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation correlated with the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass during surgical repair. In patients undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect, preoperative measures of pulmonary vascular status (PPA/PAO and RP/RS) also correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation.     

先天性心脏病患儿的无血手术治疗

目的 探讨简单属先天性心脏病患儿实施无血手术的可行性,以应对血液资源紧张现状、提高临床科学合理用血水平.方法 将57名9 ～20(16.32±2.08) kg简单属先天性心脏病手术患儿(包括房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损)分为无血(治疗)组(n=25)和输血(对照)组(n=32),比较2组的体外循环时间、阻断时间、术前至术后7d红细胞比容、术中至术后尿量及胸腔积液引流量、ICU天数、术后住院天数、总住院天数和住院费用.结果 2组手术患儿的体外循环时间、阻断时间、术前至术后7d红细胞比容、术中至术后尿量及胸腔积液引流量、ICU天数和总住院天数无明显差异(均为P＞O.05);术后住院天数:无血组(7.56±1.50)dvs输血组(8.88±2.12)d(P ＜0.05);住院费用:无血组(28441.65±2 489.90)元vs输血组(30 189.46 +4 892.37)元(P＜0.05).结论 9～20 kg的简单属先心病患儿可在不输注任何血液制品的情况下安全手术,无血手术在一定程度上缩短了这类患儿的住院时间,减少了住院期间花费,值得在先天性心脏病患儿手术治疗中提倡和推广.     

Macroreentrant atrial flutter around a common atrioventricular canal in an infant with complicated congenital heart anomaly

This report describes a 2-year-old male infant after repair of complicated congenital heart anomalies including common atrioventricular canal (CAVC), in which macroreentrant atrial flutter around the CAVC was demonstrated by electroanatomic mapping (CARTO) using a single catheter. Radiofrequency catheter ablation at the isthmus between the CAVC and the inferior vena cava eliminated the atrial flutter successfully.     

Mechanism of atrial flutter occurring late after orthotopic heart transplantation with atrio-atrial anastomosis

OBJECTIVE: We sought to better define the electrophysiologic mechanism of atrial flutter in patients after heart transplantation. BACKGROUND: Atrial flutter is a recognized problem in the post-cardiac transplant population. The electrophysiologic basis of atrial flutter in this patient population is not completely understood. METHODS: Six patients with cardiac allografts and symptoms related to recurrent atrial flutter underwent diagnostic electrophysiologic study with electroanatomic mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation. Comparison was made with a control non-transplant population of 11 patients with typical counterclockwise right atrial flutter. RESULTS: In each case, mapping showed typical counterclockwise activation of the donor-derived portion of the right atrium, with concealed entrainment shown upon pacing in the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI). The anastomotic suture line of the atrio-atrial anastomosis formed the posterior barrier of the reentrant circuit. Ablation of the electrically active, donor-derived portion of the CTI was sufficient to terminate atrial flutter and render it noninducible. Comparison with the control population showed that the electrically active portion of the CTI was significantly shorter in patients with transplant-associated flutter and that ablation was accomplished with the same or fewer radiofrequency lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Atrial flutter in cardiac transplant recipients is a form of typical counterclockwise, isthmus-dependent flutter in which the atrio-atrial anastomotic suture line forms the posterior barrier of the reentrant circuit. Ablation in the donor-derived portion of the CTI is sufficient to create bidirectional conduction block and eliminate this arrhythmia. Ablation or surgical division of the donor CTI at the time of transplantation could prevent this arrhythmia.     

Sinus node functions, sinoatrial conduction, atrial conductivity after incipient paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and flutter in patients with ischemic heart disease

AIM: Prediction of the rate of recurrent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter (AFl) after the first arrhythmia episode; determination of relevant antiarrhythmic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 157 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) complicated by new episodes of AF and AFl entered the study. After the initial episode and 1-2 arrhythmia recurrences all the patients have undergone assessment of hemodynamics, atrial conduction of excitation, sinus node function using transesophageal pacing. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 42 patients having no recurrent paroxysms of AF or AFl for at least 6 months; 115 patients of group 2 had at least one episode of recurrent arrhythmia for 6 months after the first paroxysm. RESULTS: Patients of group 2 vs those of group 1 had a significantly longer first episode, more frequent occurrence of calcinosis of mitral and/or aortic valve, more serious systolic and diastolic dysfunctions and most frequent retrograde atrial excitation conduction after the first paroxysm. CONCLUSION: In detection of only disturbed intraatrial conduction in IHD patients after the first paroxysm of AF and AFl predicted are clinical recurrences of arrhythmia with the recurrence-free period more than 6 months. In retrograde atrial conduction of excitation combined with systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, sinus node dysfunction prognosis was made of more frequent episodes of AF and AFl.