罗格列酮对人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤生长作用研究

目的观察过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体的配体罗格列酮（ROZ）对人结肠癌细胞系HT-29裸鼠移植瘤的作用,探讨ROZ活化PPARγ,下调NFκB,从而诱导人结肠癌细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法体外培养人结肠癌HT-29细胞,建立人结肠癌细胞HT-29裸鼠移植瘤模型,20只荷瘤裸鼠随机分组进行实验。Western Blot法分析PPARγ、NF-κB、Bcl-2、bax蛋白表达的影响及PPARγ活化依赖性。结果 ROZ能抑制裸鼠移植瘤的生长。结论 ROZ通过上调PPARγ蛋白表达,下调NF-κB蛋白表达,抑制人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤生长。     

2-甲氧基雌二醇对SKM-1细胞凋亡中bcl-2/bax表达的影响

目的 探讨2-甲氧基雌二醇(2-ME)对骨髓增生异常综合征SKM-1细胞凋亡过程中bcl-2/bax表达的影响.方法 2-ME与SKM-1细胞共同培养,流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡率和细胞周期;RT-PCR技术检测bcl-2和bax mRNA表达.结果 1～8 μmol/L 2-ME作用后,SKM-1细胞凋亡率上升呈剂量依赖性;细胞被阻滞于G2/M期;细胞bcl-2 mRNA表达量下调,bax mRNA表达量上调.结论 2-ME诱导SKM-1细胞凋亡与细胞G2/M期阻滞和bcl-2/bax比率下降有关.     

二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷联合苦参碱对人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的 探讨二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷(PDTC)抑制核因子-κ B(NF-κ B)活化后对苦参碱抑制人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响.方法 建立人肝癌细胞HepG2裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,随机分为对照组(灭菌等渗盐水)、苦参碱组(35 mg/kg)、PDTC组(120 mg/kg)和PDTC(120 mg/kg)+苦参碱(35 mg/kg)联合组,腹腔注射用药.绘制肿瘤生长曲线,测定肿瘤生长抑制率;TdT介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡情况;电泳迁移率变动分析法检测细胞核内NF-κB的活化水平;免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织bcl-2和bax蛋白表达水平;RT-PCR法检测肿瘤细胞NF-κB、bcl-2和bax的mRNA表达水平.多组间比较用SNK-q检验,单独效应比较采用LSD法,相关分析采用Pearson法进行分析.结果 PDTC增强了苦参碱对肿瘤增殖的抑制作用(P＜0.05);苦参碱在诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的同时激活NF-κB;PDTC能显著抑制苦参碱诱导的NF-κB活化,NF-κB活性的灰度值由93.64±2.95降至65.78±5.65(F=124.754,P＜0.01),同时促进苦参碱诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡指数由55.9%±2.8%升高至74.3%±4.8%(P＜0.05).NF-κB的mRNA表达水平与bcl-2的mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r=0.983,P＜0.01).结论苦参碱诱导皮下移植瘤细胞凋亡的同时激活NF-κB;PDTC可通过抑制NF-κB的活化而下调bcl-2的表达,改变bcl-2与bax的比值,增强苦参碱诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between activation of nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κ B) and apoptosis induced by matrine(MT) in transplanted tumor of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mouse. Methods Tumors were established by injection of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 into the back of nude mice. The mice were divided randomly into four groups: Control group, MT group (35 mg/kg), PDTC group (120 mg/kg) and Combination group: PDTC+MT group (120 mg/kg+35 mg/kg), the reagents were injected peritoneally. The tumor growth curve of nude mice bearing transplanted tumor were observed and the inhibition ratios were evaluated. Apoptosis of carcinoma cells was analyzed by TUNEL. The DNA-bingding activity of NF-κ B was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Expression of bcl-2 and bax in carcinoma tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method.NF-κ B mRNA, bcl-2 mRNA and bax mRNA in carcinoma tissue were detected by RT-PCR. Results Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) could enhance the inhibition of matrine on carcinoma proliferation (P＜0.05). The apoptosis and activation of NF-κB in carcinoma cells could be induced by matrine. PDTC significantly suppressed NF-κ B activation induced by matrine in carcinoma cells from 93.64±2.95 to 65.78±5.65 (F=124.754, P＜0.01). Meanwhile, PDTC increased the apoptosis induced by matrine from 55.9%±2.8%to 74.3%±4.8% (P＜0.05).A positive correlation observed between the expressions of NF-κ B and of bcl2 (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.983,P＜0.01). Conclusions Matrine could induce apoptosis and activation of NF-κ B in transplanted tumor. PDTC could increase apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells might be due to the suppression of NF-κ B activation and the enhancement of bcl-2 expression.     

姜黄素对膀胱癌T24细胞生物学行为的影响及其机制

目的观察姜黄素对人膀胱癌T24细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞内核因子κB(NF-κB)蛋白表达的影响。方法将对数生长期T24细胞分为两组,实验组加入10、20、50、100μmol/L姜黄素,对照组加入完全培养液。培养24、48、72 h时采用MTT比色法检测两组细胞增殖抑制率;培养24 h采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率、Western blot法检测细胞内NF-κB蛋白表达情况。结果实验组细胞增殖抑制率明显高于对照组,且呈时间—剂量依赖性,P均<0.05;实验组24 h细胞凋亡率明显高于、NF-κB蛋白表达水平明显低于对照组,且呈剂量依赖性,P均<0.05。结论姜黄素能有效抑制人膀胱癌T24细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,其机制可能与下调NF-κB表达有关。     

小干扰RNA抑制核因子-κB活化对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨小干扰RNA(SiRNA)抑制核转录因子(NF)-κB活化对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 化学合成NF-κB siRNA和阴性对照siRNA,脂质体法转染HepG2细胞,用巢式RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR检测NF-κB mRNA表达情况;免疫组织化学法、酶联免疫吸附法、Western b10t检测NF-κB蛋白表达情况;用磷脂结合蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素法检测细胞凋亡,分析NF-κB表达抑制和细胞凋亡间关系.多个样本均数间的比较先行方差齐性检验,方差齐时行单因素方差分析;计数资料比较采用确切概率法分析.结果 NF-κBp65 mRNA在HepG2细胞相对表达量为1.13±0.03,在正常肝细胞L02为0.29±0.07,两者比较,t=27.02,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义.利用NF-κB siRNA干扰可下调NF-κB表达,且呈剂量、时间依赖;NF-κB siRNA转染HepG2细胞72h后,NF-κBmRNA和蛋白表达分别下降了93%和62%,抑制NF-κB表达使HepG2细胞凋亡增加85%. 结论 NF-κB在肝癌细胞中高表达,NF-κB SiRNA能特异性抑制其在肝癌细胞中活化并促进癌细胞凋亡发生.     

初探NAD＋对X射线诱导正常肝细胞凋亡的影响及其机制

目的研究NAD＋对X射线所致正常肝细胞凋亡的影响,探索一种新型的辐射损伤防护剂。方法将L02正常人肝细胞分为正常对照组（A组）、照射组（B组）和NAD＋处理组（C组）。培养24 h后观察细胞凋亡率、凋亡相关蛋白的表达、Caspase激酶活性。结果细胞凋亡率、p53、bax表达、Caspase-3、8、9活性,A、C组均低于B组（P〈0.05）;A、C组bc l-2表达高于B组（P〈0.05）。结论NAD＋对受照射L02肝细胞有抗凋亡作用,其作用机制可能与上调bc l-2,下调p53、bax表达,降低Caspsae家族凋亡相关激酶表达活性有关。     

免疫介导再生障碍性贫血小鼠骨髓单个核细胞NF-κB表达变化

目的:探讨核因子κB(NF-κB)在获得性再生障碍性贫血(AA)发病机制中的作用.方法:将35只BALB/C小鼠随机分为2组,其中正常对照组15只,模型组20只.复制免疫介导AA小鼠模型,采用Q-PCR、免疫组织化学等方法检测小鼠骨髓单个核细胞NF-κB mRNA水平、蛋白表达及活性变化.结果:与正常对照组相比,AA小鼠骨髓单个核细胞NF-κB mRNA水平未见明显改变(P>0.05),NF-κB/p65蛋白表达增加,而p-κBα表达明显下降(P<0.01).结论:NF-κB蛋白表达异常及活性改变在AA的发病机制中具有一定的意义.     

NF-κB通过调控人食管癌ET-10细胞miR-21表达抑制凋亡的机制研究

目的 研究食管癌中NF-κB通过影响miR-21的表达对食管癌细胞系ET-10凋亡的作用。方法 使用shRNA下调NF-κB p65的表达,使用脂多糖(LPS)激活NF-κB,并使用qRT-PCR检测NF-κB p65的表达情况。使用CCK-8细胞增殖检测试剂盒,检测NF-κB p65对于细胞增殖活力的影响。使用流式细胞术检测NF-κB p65对于ET-10细胞凋亡的影响,使用qRT-PCR检测对于miR21表达的作用,并使用Western blotting检测对于凋亡调控蛋白PTEN以及凋亡执行蛋白cleaved caspase3表达的调控作用。结果 本课题所构建的shRNA载体可显著下调ET-10细胞中NF-κB p65的表达,并显著抑制ET-10细胞的增殖活力,而NF-κB激动剂LPS可以促进ET-10细胞的增殖活力。流式细胞术结果显示(Annexin-V/PI染色法),敲低NF-κB的表达可促进ET-10细胞的凋亡,并促进凋亡执行蛋白cleaved caspase3的表达,而LPS并不影响ET-10细胞的凋亡。进一步试验发现,敲低NF-κB可下调miR-21的表达并抑制PTEN...     

核因子-κB活性对BXSB狼疮小鼠脾脏白发性生发中心形成的影响

目的探讨核因子（NF）-κB活性对BXSB狼疮小鼠脾脏中自发性生发中心形成的影响及其机制。方法18只BXSB自发性狼疮小鼠随机分成对照组和吡咯二硫氨基甲酸酯（PDTC）干预组，PDTC组：隔日腹腔注射PDTC（120mg／kg体重）；对照组：隔日腹腔注射等量溶媒。持续8周结束实验。以电泳迁移经改变实验检测脾脏组织NF-κB活性，双标记流式细胞术检测脾脏B细胞CD154表达及生发中心B细胞凋亡，组织化学方法染色脾脏生发中心，并以图像处理系统半定量分析。结果PDTC显著抑制BXSB狼疮小鼠脾脏组织NF-κB活性，较对照组下降62．82％；BXSB狼疮小鼠脾脏组织可见自发性生发中心形成．抑制NF-κB活性能下调脾脏B细胞CD154表达、使其自发性生发中心形成受阻、促进生发中心B细胞凋亡，结论NF-κB过度活化可通过上调脾脏B细胞CD154的异常表达而促进自发性生发中心形成、并减少生发中心B细胞凋亡。由此，自发性生发中心形成过程中生成的自身反应性B细胞得以逃逸凋亡，分化成产自身抗体浆细胞：提示NF-κB可成为防治系统性红斑狼疮的一个作用靶点。     

原花青素对a-淀粉样肽(25-35)诱导 PC12 细胞bax和bcl-2基因表达的影响

目的 探讨原花青素 (Procyanidins,PC) 对a-淀粉样肽(25-35)(Aa25～35) 诱导凋亡PC12细胞bax和bcl-2基因表达的影响.方法 采用MTT比色法分析细胞存活率,Hoechst33258-PI荧光染色观察细胞核凋亡的形态学改变,RT-PCR 检测bax和bcl-2基因 mRNA 表达,Western blot检测Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达.结果 不同剂量PC预处理 PC12细胞 1 h,可剂量依赖性对抗Aa25～35引起的细胞凋亡,增加细胞存活率,减少Aa25～35引起的细胞核固缩、核碎裂,降低bax mRNA及Bax蛋白表达,增加bcl-2 mRNA及Bcl-2蛋白表达.结论 PC可剂量依赖性对抗Aa25～35诱导的 PC12细胞凋亡,其机制可能与下调凋亡基因bax和上调抗凋亡基因bcl-2表达有关.     

咽部吞咽的生理解剖学与吞咽障碍的失代偿

0引言吞咽是维持人体生存的重要功能活动.每人每天均必须进行无数次吞咽.对吞咽障碍(deglutitiondisoders,DD)进行有效的预防、诊断和治疗必须了解咽部有关的解剖和功能.1吞咽的生理解剖学“吞咽”不仅指口腔内食团(包括液、固体食物、药物和唾液等)在咽部的通过,而应将之定义为是在构成吞咽通道的唇、舌、腭、咽、喉、食管等各器官肌肉、神经的密切协同下,将吞咽物顺利、安全地运送至胃的全过程[1].食物在口腔内经过咀嚼、搅拌,由唾液润湿,变成食团,然后被吞咽经咽和食管入胃.咀嚼的作用是把大块食物分成小块,并经舌肌、颊肌、颌肌等的搅…     

Preparation and separation of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

An enzymatic method for synthesis of labelled thyroxine glucuronide (T4G) and triiodothyronine glucuronide (T3G) from labelled thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) is presented. The synthetic glucuronides are completely digested by beta-glucuronidase, with recovery of the parent T4 or T3. They have distinctive elution patterns on HPLC and on Sephadex G25 chromatography, and can be clearly separated from T4 and T3 as well as from synthetic T4 sulfate (T4S) and T3 sulfate (T3S). On LH 20 chromatography, elution of T4G and T3G is intermediate between that of T4 and T3 and that of T4S and T3S. T3G can be well separated from other thyronines by HPLC alone, but T4G coelutes with rT3 on HPLC; these are then separated by adding a Sephadex G25 chromatography step. Biosynthetic 131I-T3G and 125I-T4G from the bile of a cat given 131I-T3 and 125I-T4 had similar HPLC chromatographic patterns to those of synthetic T3G and T4G. That the identified peaks from analysis of the bile were indeed T3G and T4G was confirmed by recovery of the parent T3 and T4 after beta-glucuronidase digestion.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

血管通路的评价、选择及并发症防治

随着终末期肾衰竭患者的逐年增多，用于维持性血液透析患者的费用支出也逐年增加，其中相当比例的资金用于血管通路的建立及相关并发症的处理。据Lysaght估计，2001年全球维持性透析患者超过110万人，并以每年7％的速度增长，到2010年将达到200万人，今后10年医疗费用将超过1万亿美元。美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)估计，每年因血管通路建立和相     

Kinetics and persistence of cardiovascular and locomotor effects of immobilization stress and influence of ACTH treatment

Stress triggers crucial responses, including elevated blood pressure and heart rate (HR), to handle the emergency and restore homeostasis. However, continuation of these effects following cessation of the stress is implicated with many stress-related disorders. Here, we examine the kinetics and persistence of cardiovascular and locomotor responses to single and repeated immobilization stress (IMO), with and without prior treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Radiotelemetry probes were implanted into male Sprague-Dawley rats to continually monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR and locomotor activity. Rats were subjected to IMO for 2 h daily (10 a.m. to noon, 6 consecutive days). The first IMO induced the greatest change in MAP (about 30 mm Hg) and HR (about 200 bpm). Following each IMO, MAP and HR were elevated during the remaining light phase and in the subsequent dark phase, HR was lower than prior to IMO. We further examined whether elevation of ACTH to a level similar to IMO will elicit similar effects, and if it will alter subsequent responses to IMO. Injection of ACTH (13 IU/kg, s.c.) triggered a short-lived rise in MAP, and decreased HR. After six daily injections of ACTH and recovery time (8 days), rats were immobilized as above. The cardiovascular responses were similar during the IMO, but the ACTH-pretreated group displayed differences following cessation of the IMO. In addition, IMO led to a large reduction of locomotor activity during the dark (normally active) phase to levels similar to the light phase. Following the IMOs, locomotor activity recovered more slowly in the ACTH-pretreated group. The study revealed that IMO-triggered cardiovascular and locomotor responses are evident after termination of the stress. In addition, prior exposure to ACTH delayed recovery in cardiovascular and locomotor functions following cessation of stress.