不同方案胰岛素泵早期强化治疗对初诊断2型糖尿病患者血清Visfatin及GLP-1的影响

目的观察不同方案胰岛素泵早期强化治疗对初诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清Visfatin及胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)的影响。方法将75例初诊断T2DM患者随机分为三组,每组各25例,均强化治疗2周,观察组采用胰岛素泵联合西格列汀(SCII+Sig)治疗,对照组A采用单纯胰岛素泵(SCII)治疗,对照组B采用常规多次皮下注射胰岛素治疗。检测各组患者血糖、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后血糖(2 h FBG)、Visfatin、GLP-1、血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、稳态模型评价胰岛素β细胞(HOMA-β)。结果治疗后,观察组三餐前、三餐后2 h以及睡前血糖均低于对照组A,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组和对照组A三餐前、三餐后2 h以及睡前血糖均显著低于对照组B,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,三组患者血糖、MAGE、Hb A1c、Visfatin、HOMA-IR均较治疗前降低,GLP-1、HOMA-β水平均升高,差异均具有显著统计学意义(P0.01);观察组治疗后与对照组A治疗后比较,虽然血糖、MAGE、Hb A1c、Visfatin以及HOMA-IR值较低,GLP-1和HOMA-β较高,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组与对照组A的血糖、MAGE、Hb A1c、Visfatin、以及HOMA-IR值均低于对照组B,GLP-1和HOMA-β均高于与对照组B,差异均具有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于初诊断T2DM患者,SCII+Sig治疗方案在控制患者血糖、降低血清Visfatin及升高GLP-1水平方面优势更明显,值得临床推广应用。     

甘精胰岛素联合瑞格列奈治疗老年2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的观察老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人甘精胰岛素联合瑞格列奈降糖治疗的效果。方法 60例T2DM患者随机分为甘精组和预混组,甘精组三餐前15 min口服瑞格列奈0.5～1.0 mg,晚10∶00皮下注射甘精胰岛素。预混组于早晚饭前30 min注射预混胰岛素,应用罗康全血糖仪,住院期间监测空腹、三餐后2 h、夜10∶00、夜3∶00指尖血糖,根据血糖调整胰岛素剂量。空腹血糖(FPG)<7.0 mmol/L,餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)<10.0 mmol/L为达标。观察血糖达标时间、胰岛素用量、低血糖发生次数、发生人数;12周后的FPG、2 hPG、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、体质量指数(BMI)。结果两组血糖控制均达标,预混组和甘精组12周后,FPG2、hPG、HbA1c组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),组内与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组血糖达标时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),甘精组BMI较治疗前无明显增加(P>0.05),预混组BMI较治疗前明显增加(P<0.05)。甘精组胰岛素日用量、低血糖发生人数显著低于预混组(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。结论两种治疗方案对控制血糖都有效,但甘精胰岛素联合瑞格列奈降糖治疗方案能减少注射次数和胰岛素的日用量,减少低血糖风险,不增加体质指数,依从性好。     

中医辨证加味联合降糖药物治疗血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病临床观察

目的:观察中医辨证加味联合降糖药物治疗血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法:将70例预混胰岛素控制不佳的老年肥胖2型糖尿病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组35例内服自拟益阴消渴汤联合强化胰岛素方案治疗,对照组35例仅给予强化胰岛素方案治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效、空腹血糖(FBG)和餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)及体重指数(BMI)、血糖达标时间及低血糖发生情况。结果:治疗组总有效率为94.3%,显著高于对照组的74.3%(P0.05)。经治疗后,治疗组的FBG、2 h PG及Hb A1c控制程度均好于对照组(P0.05),血糖达标时间短于对照组(P0.05),低血糖发生例数少于对照组(P0.05)。结论:自拟益阴消渴汤配合强化胰岛素方案治疗预混胰岛素控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者可在短时间内有效控制血糖,且显著减少了血糖波动及低血糖反应的发生,提高了患者治疗的依从性,值得在临床推广应用。     

西格列汀与格列齐特缓释片联用甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病的疗效与安全性评价

目的 对西格列汀与格列齐特缓释片联合甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效和安全性进行比较。方法 以83例T2DM患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组。观察组使用西格列汀联合甘精胰岛素的用药方案,对照组使用格列齐特缓释片联合甘精胰岛素的用药方案。均治疗16周,监测治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、空腹胰岛素水平(FIns)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、体质量指数(BMI)等指标以及胰岛素用量、不良反应的发生情况。结果 治疗后两组的血糖控制均改善,FPG、2h PG、Hb A1c、HOMA-IR水平较治疗前均明显下降,FIns均明显升高(P0.05)。治疗后水平比较,对照组FPG降低较观察组明显(P0.05),但是观察组2h PG降低更明显(P0.05);Hb A1c达标率、HOMA-IR两组间前后差值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的BMI水平较对照组下降了6.25%,胰岛素用量减少了12.92%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。安全性方面,观察组低血糖的发生率(2.38%),与对照组(9.76%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 西格列汀联用甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病使血糖控制良好,安全性高。     

甘精胰岛素与预混胰岛素分别联合口服降糖药治疗2型糖尿病患者的效果比较

目的比较甘精胰岛素与预混胰岛素分别联合口服降糖药治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的效果。方法 84例T2DM患者随机分为A组与B组各42例。A组给予甘精胰岛素皮下注射联合口服降糖药阿卡波糖治疗,B组给予预混胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗。比较2组治疗前后血糖监测值、胰岛素用量和血糖达标情况。结果 2组治疗后空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平均较本组治疗前显著下降(P 0. 05)。2组治疗后FBG、PBG、Hb A1c控制达标率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。A组胰岛素用量少于B组,低血糖发生率低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。2组心脑血管事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论甘精胰岛素与预混胰岛素分别联合阿卡波糖均能有效控制血糖,但甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖方案能显著减少胰岛素用量,降低低血糖发生率。     

2型糖尿病应用甘精胰岛素联合口服降糖药治疗的效果分析

选取96例2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,随机进行分组;对照组患者应用甘精胰岛素注射液治疗,而观察组患者在应用甘精胰岛素注射液治疗基础上,联合口服降糖药盐酸二甲双胍肠溶胶囊治疗;对比两组患者空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)时2h血糖的改善情况,综合评价患者的治疗效果。结果在疗程结束后,对所有患者的FPG、Hb A1c、OGTT时2h血糖检测发现,观察组患者的FPG、Hb A1c、OGTT时2h血糖改善程度具有差异性;治疗后,观察组患者的FPG、Hb A1c、OGTT时2h血糖表达水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,观察组治疗效果:显效29例、有效15例、无效4例,临床总有效率为91.67%;对照组治疗效果:显效17例、有效20例、无效11例,临床总有效率为77.08%;两组数据具有统计学差异(P0.05)。应用甘精胰岛素联合口服降糖药治疗2型糖尿病的治疗效果显著,降低FPG、Hb A1c、OGTT时2h血糖程度符合临床标准,可作为2型糖尿病的联合用药方案之一。     

2型糖尿病患者糖血红蛋白水平与胰岛素分泌关系研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平与血糖、胰岛素分泌的关系。方法选取2014年5月至2015年11月收治T2DM患者300例。按Hb A1c水平分为5组:A组62例(Hb A1c≤7.0%),B组58例(7.0%Hb A1c≤8.0%),C组52例(8.0%Hb A1c≤9.0%),D组65例(9.0%Hb A1c≤10.0%),E组63例(Hb A1c10.0%)。对所有患者进行口服葡萄糖耐受试验(OGTT)及胰岛素释放试验,均空腹及餐后2 h各采集两管静脉血,测定指标有Hb A1c、空腹血糖(FPG)、负荷后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、负荷后2 h胰岛素(FIns),采用稳态模型评价胰岛素细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果 Hb A1c与DM病程同步增长,甘油三酯B、C、E四组均高于A组(P0.01);各组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、空腹胰岛素水平随着Hb A1c的增加逐渐升高(P0.01),而负荷后2 h胰岛素(FIns)水平逐渐下降(P0.01);T2DM患者Hb A1c水平与FPG(r=0.683,P0.01)、2 h FPG(r=0.764,P0.01)呈正相关、与FIns(r=0.643,P0.05)、2 h FIns(r=0.428,P0.05)、HOMA-β(r=0.587,P0.05)呈负相关,HOMA-IR与Hb A1c水平无相关性。结论 T2DM患者随着Hb A1c水平的升高,血糖也升高,胰岛素敏感性下降,胰岛β细胞分泌能力减弱。     

简易化血糖监测方案在老年2型糖尿病病人中的应用

[目的]探讨简易化血糖监测方案在老年2型糖尿病病人中的应用效果。[方法]将138例老年2型糖尿病病人随机分为干预组和对照组各69例。干预组采取简易化血糖监测方案,对照组按照《中国血糖监测临床应用指南》推荐血糖监测方案进行指导。分别在指导后3个月和6个月比较两组病人的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)值及其达标率。[结果]干预组指导后3个月、6个月的FPG、2hPG、HbA1c明显优于对照组(P0.05);干预组指导后3个月及6个月的FPG达标率、2hPG达标率和HbA1c达标率明显优于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]简易化血糖监测方案的应用更有利于老年2型糖尿病病人的血糖控制及达标。     

初发2型糖尿病胰岛素泵早期强化对胰高血糖素样肽-1变化的价值探讨

目的探讨采用胰岛素泵早期强化治疗初发2型糖尿病后患者血胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)水平的变化。方法按照随机数字表法将83例初发2型糖尿病患者分为两组,治疗组(42例)采用胰岛素泵(CSII)强化治疗,对照组(41例)常规皮下注射胰岛素。观察两组治疗后血糖、GLP-1水平、胰岛素用量、血糖达标时间及低血糖发生次数。结果治疗后的两组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2小时血糖(2 hPG)、GLP-1优于治疗前,差异有显著性(P0.05);治疗组治疗后的FPG、2 hPG、GLP-1水平与治疗前的差值和对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组优于对照组;治疗组的胰岛素用量、血糖达标时间、低血糖次数均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胰岛素泵早期强化治疗初发2型糖尿病患者,可使GLP-1水平升高,改善胰岛功能,从而有效控制血糖。     

糖化血红蛋白在诊断2型糖尿病中的临床价值

探讨糖化血红蛋白在诊断2型糖尿病中的临床价值。选取收治的2型糖尿病患者120例(T2DM组)和同期健康体检志愿者100例(对照组),分别检测两组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c),并采用Spearman相关分析分析Hb A1c与FPG、2h PG及糖尿病并发症发生率的关系。T2DM组Hb A1c、FPG、2h PG水平均较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Spearman相关分析结果显示:Hb A1c水平与FPG、2h PG、糖尿病并发症发生率呈正相关(r=0.69,0.57,0.62,P0.05)。与血糖检测相比,血Hb A1c水平与FPG和2h PG联合检测,可显著提高糖尿病的诊断准确率,对2型糖尿病诊断和疗效评价有重要临床价值。     

The human insulin analogue insulin lispro

Insulin lispro is a newly developed analogue of human insulin where the positions of the amino acids lysine and proline have been switched at the end of the B chain of the insulin molecule. Insulin lispro with lysine at position B28 and proline at position B29 has a weaker tendency for self-association than human insulin. This leads to three major differences in the pharmacokinetics: the action begins faster, has a higher peak and the duration is shorter than with human insulin. Thus, insulin lispro has a more precise action profile for the mealtime than human regular insulin. Insulin lispro is recommended to be injected within 15 min before the meal in contrast to 30–40 min for human insulin. In clinical trials with insulin lispro, the postprandial rise of blood glucose is smaller, the rate of hypoglycaemia is lower particularly at night-time, the need for snacks is smaller and the patient preference is better than with human insulin. The long-term control as reflected by an improvement in the HbA_]c level is better with insulin lispro than with human regular insulin, provided that an appropriate basal insulin regimen is used to take into account the shorter duration of action. A few patients have been described who have a severe resistance to human insulin but who have been succesfully treated with insulin lispro. Insulin lispro was designed to be used as a mealtime insulin, and it is a step forward in the treatment of diabetic patients using a basal-bolus insulin regimen.     

Comparison of an insulin analog,insulin aspart,and regular human insulin with no insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: To assess the short-term efficacy of insulin aspart in comparison with regular human insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during standardized meal tests. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 15 women with GDM who had inadequate diabetes control with diet alone. On 3 consecutive days, breakfast meal tests were performed-the first with no exogenous insulin and the other two after the injection of either regular insulin or insulin aspart. RESULTS: The peak insulin concentration was higher and the peak glucose and C-peptide concentrations were lower with both insulin preparations than with no exogenous insulin. Glucose areas under the curve above baseline were significantly lower with insulin aspart (180-min area, 7.1 mg. h. dl(-1); P = 0.018), but not with regular insulin (30.2 mg. h. dl(-1); P = 0.997), than with no insulin (29.4 mg. h. dl(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that effective postprandial glycemic control in women with GDM who required insulin was brought about by insulin aspart through higher insulin peak and lower demand on endogenous insulin secretion.     

Intensive insulin therapy with insulin lispro: a randomized trial of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily insulin injection

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate glycemic control, hypoglycemic events, and quality of life in patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily insulin injection (MDI), with insulin lispro as the principal insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This clinical trial enrolled 27 patients with type 1 diabetes. They were randomly assigned to CSII (n = 13) or MDI (n = 14) treatment regimens. Glycemic control (HbA(1c) level) was the primary outcome and was measured monthly for 9 months. Secondary outcomes were patient reports of hypoglycemic events (recorded monthly for 9 months) and quality of life assessed at 9 months using the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) questionnaire. RESULTS: A significant decrease in HbA(1c) from baseline was shown for both groups. However, the overall treatment effect (CSII - MDI) for HbA(1c) was +0.08% (95% CI -0.23 to +0.39, P > 0.10). This was significantly less than the a priori limit of +/-0.5% (P = 0.004). The relative treatment effect ([CSII - MDI]/MDI) for the overall number of hypoglycemic events was +9% (95% CI -37 to +87, P > 0.10). There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups for any of the DQOL subscales. CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant differences in glycemic control, reported hypoglycemic events, or quality of life were found in this study. Furthermore, a clinically significant difference of more than +/-0.5% HbA(1c) between the two regimens can be confidently ruled out. We conclude that the choice of intensive insulin therapy should be a matter of patient preference, consistent with lifestyle.     

Inhaled insulin (pulmonary administered insulin)]

The first report according to Inhaled insulin came out in 1924. Recent clinical trials of inhaled insulin made a real story to insulin-treated diabetic patients. Among some companies, insulin preparation of Pfizer company group consists of dry insulin dispersed by aerosol into particles sufficiently fine to drift into the distal twigs of the respiratory tree. Skylar et al in 2001 reported a randomized proof-of-concept study of inhaled insulin in type 1 diabetes mellitus. The result showed the same efficacy to the same time injections of regular insulin. Other reports showed the efficacy of inhaled insulin comparable to that of lispro insulin and the same action to not only type 1 but also type 2 diabetic patients.     

Impairments of insulin receptor function in insulin resistant states

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Since the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance is still unknown, insulin receptor dysfunction including abnormal IRS-1 phosphorylation is considered to be responsible for insulin resistance in some pathological states. Obesity is one of major factors to induce insulin receptor dysfunction. Regarding the mechanism of insulin resistance related obesity, the increased expression of Tumor necrosis factor alpha and abnormality in PTPase in skeletal muscle are postulated. As well as obesity, prolonged hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension also induce the impairment of insulin receptor function. Therefore, the enhancement of insulin sensitivity by modulating these factors is a possible treatment modality in insulin resistant states.