一期前路松解后路固定治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位

[目的]介绍一期颈前咽后入路松解后路复位固定融合治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位的手术技术与初步疗效.[方法] 2016年3月～2019年1月应用颈前咽后入路寰枢松解后路复位固定融合治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位患者38例.患者首先取仰卧位,经Smith-Robinson入路显露寰枢关节腹侧结构,去除寰枢关节周围瘢痕韧带等实现寰枢松解;然后...     

“in-out-in”多皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉在寰枢椎脱位或不稳后路手术中的应用

目的:探讨应用“in-out-in”多皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉后路融合内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位或不稳的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月~2016年1月,采用“in-out-in”多皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉后路融合内固定治疗的26例寰枢椎脱位或不稳患者资料,男17例,女9例,年龄25~63岁,平均43±9岁;单侧椎动脉高跨10例,双侧高跨2例,C2/3融合致单侧枢椎椎弓根发育不良12例,双侧发育不良2例。患者均表现为颈部疼痛,VAS评分1~6分,平均3.12±2.13分;23例伴肌力下降及感觉异常,日本矫形外科协会(JOA)评分为5~11分,平均7.9±2.1分。术前行X线、CT和MRI检査,术后7d及3、6、12个月行X线和CT检査,观察植骨融合情况;比较各时间点VAS及JOA评分。结果:手术顺利完成,手术时间125~215min(153.7±27.9min);出血量160~650ml(263.1±68.5ml),3侧椎弓根钉应用“in-out-in”技术置钉过程中,出血多,改为椎板钉;无脊髓血管损伤及其他严重并发症发生。患者均获得8~20个月随访,平均12±4个月,术后6个月影像学检査见植骨均融合,无内固定松动,断裂发生。术后7d、3个月、6个月及末次随访时VAS评分分别为1.13±0.72、1.11±0.93、1.09±0.98及1.07±0.81分,较术前明显减轻(P0.05);术后7d、3个月、6个月及末次随访时JOA评分分别为12.9±1.8、13.4±2.3、13.6±1.9及13.8±2.1分,与术前比较明显改善(P0.05)。结论:“in-out-in”多皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉后路融合内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位或不稳,临床疗效肯定。     

经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位

目的 设计经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统(transoralpharyngeal atlantoaxial reduction plate,TARP)，评价其生物力学性能，观察临床应用效果。方法 研制设计一种新型的经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统，该系统包括-蝶形钛合金锯板、自锁螺钉和寰枢椎复位器等配套安装器械。将此系统在12具C0-C3新鲜标本上分别进行了三维运动测试(n=6)和拔出力实验(n=12)，比较其生物力学性能，并临床治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位患者5例。结果 TARP系统设计有巧妙的即时复位机制。TARP的生物力学性能与现行的寰枢椎融合Magerl Brooks固定等效，较其它三种方法(前路经枢椎体寰椎侧块螺钉、后路Magerl经关节螺钉和后路Brooks钢丝)具有更坚强的固定作用，TARP的寰椎和枢椎固定螺钉固定牢靠，具有良好的抗拔出性能。经难复性寰枢椎脱位的临床应用，TARP能达即时复位作用，手术操作可行，效果显著。结论 TARP设计新颖独到，具有良好的生物力学性能，手术能达即时复位，固定效果好，为临床提供了—个崭新的治疗方法。     

经口咽经后路联合手术治疗寰枢椎脱位的手术配合

目的:探讨经口咽入路齿状突磨除联合经后路枕颈融合术治疗寰枢椎脱位的手术配合.方法:总结2009年10月～2010年10月间我院脊柱外科收治的12例寰枢椎脱位伴齿状突型颅底陷入患者.所有病例均在显微镜直视下经口腔咽部入路切除齿状突加枕颈融合.结果:经过细致的手术配合,所有手术均顺利完成.结论:经口咽入路齿状突磨除联合经后路枕颈融合术是一种安全、有效地治疗寰枢椎脱位的手术选择.配合手术医生实施个性化手术方案,医护默契配合,严格操作规范是确保手术顺利的保障.     

寰枢椎脱位的围手术期护理

寰枢椎脱位的围手术期护理第四军医大学西京医院骨科研究所刘建华寰枢椎脱位可由外伤性、病理性、自发性或先天性发育不良等原因引起。其临床表现，一是颈部疼痛及活动障碍，二是脊髓神经受压症状，即半身或四肢麻木无力、肌肉萎缩和痉挛、二便功能障碍。我科１９８５～１...     

一期手术治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位的围手术期护理

目的：总结一期经口前后联合入路手术治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位患者的围手术期护理,预防并发症,促进早日康复。方法：对26例难复性寰枢椎脱位患者术前加强心理护理,做好口、鼻腔清洁和消毒,重视健康教育。手术后做好体位护理,严密观察患者神志、生命体征,神经功能以及伤口情况,保持呼吸道通畅,加强口腔护理和饮食护理,指导患者功能锻炼,做好出院宣教。结果：本组均手术成功,治疗效果满意。结论：一期经口前后联合入路手术治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位,具有较大的难度和危险性,术后全面护理和正确的出院指导是提高手术成功率,减少并发症的重要保证。     

寰枢椎脱位术后翻修的手术策略分析

【摘要】 目的：分析寰枢椎脱位（atlanto-axial dislocation,AAD）手术后翻修的手术策略。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月~2019年8月在我院行寰枢椎翻修手术的12例患者。其中男3例,女9例,翻修时年龄7~62岁[45.5（34.25,52.50）岁]。初次手术距翻修手术间隔3~360个月[30（5,93）个月]。翻修术中有内固定首先进行内固定及植骨取出,根据1/6体重牵引情况评估是否行前路松解术;根据术前影像结合术中探查,个性化选择原位钉道-增粗增长螺钉、更换螺钉钉道、延长固定节段增加整体内固定强度,选择寰枢侧块关节松解植骨增加植骨融合。翻修后随访12~50个月[24.0（17.25,34.00）个月]。术后3d及末次随访时测量寰齿间距（atlantodental interval,ADI）、枢椎斜坡角（clivus-axial angle,CAA）、延髓脊髓角（cervico-medullary angle,CMA）评价寰枢椎复位情况,日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分评价神经功能恢复情况;术后3d、3个月、6个月、12个月及末次随访行CT检查评价植骨融合情况。结果：12例翻修手术中,8例先进行原内固定及植骨取出,根据牵引情况,4例行前路松解联合后路复位固定融合术,8例行后路复位固定融合术。其中枕骨螺钉翻修4例,均更换螺钉钉道;C1螺钉翻修4例,2例选择增粗、增长螺钉固定,2例选择更换螺钉钉道;C2螺钉翻修8例,5例选择增粗、增长螺钉固定,3例选择更换螺钉钉道;延长固定节段3例;12例患者均进行寰枢侧块植骨。所有患者翻修术后均获得解剖复位,术后3d及末次随访ADI均较术前明显减少（P<0.05）,CCA、CMA较术前明显增加（P<0.05）。所有患者术后3d及末次随访时的JOA评分均较术前明显改善;所有病例骨性融合,融合率100%,融合时间为3~7个月[3.5（3.0,6.0）个月]。结论：前路松解术适用于拆除初次内固定后大重量牵引下寰枢椎仍未复位的患者。在进行后路翻修手术时,枕骨螺钉需更换钉道以维持内固定牢固,更换更粗、更长螺钉,更换螺钉钉道适用于C1、C2螺钉,延长固定节段适用于C1或C2无法置钉的患者。寰枢侧块关节植骨适用于所有寰枢椎翻修手术患者。     

寰枢椎脱位分型和治疗方案选择的临床观察

目的 :回顾性分析寰枢椎脱位患者手术治疗的方法及效果,探讨一种寰枢椎脱位的临床分型方法及其治疗策略。方法:分析2005年9月至2013年9月收治的89例寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料,其中男49例,女40例;年龄13~67岁,平均48.1岁。根据术前颈椎动力位片及术中全麻下大重量颅骨牵引复位情况,将脱位分为3型:易复型(easy reduction type)、难复型(hard reduction type)、不可复型(irreducible type)。易复型寰枢椎脱位经适当复位后采用颈后路固定融合术;难复型寰枢椎脱位经全麻下大重量牵引复位后采用颈后路固定融合术;不可复型寰枢椎脱位选择前路经口松解或减压、后路复位固定融合术。并根据脊髓功能评定标准(JOA)对患者进行疗效评价。结果:89例患者中易复型寰枢椎脱位30例(33.7%),难复性型55例(61.8%),不可复型4例(4.5%)。JOA评分术前8.2±3.1,末次随访14.2±2.4,改善率40.1%~82.5%,平均62.5%。89例患者均获随访,时间6~37个月,平均17.3个月。82例(92.1%)获得解剖复位,85例(95.5%)获得骨性融合。术后出现低钠血症1例,合并格林巴利综合征1例,伤口延迟愈合4例,1例因呼吸衰竭于术后2年死亡,前路经口手术未见感染病例。结论:根据术前颈椎动力位片及术中全麻下大重量颅骨牵引复位情况对寰枢椎脱位进行临床分类,并采取相应的治疗策略,具有良好的临床效果。     

A new technique for substernal colon transposition with a breast dissector: report of 39 cases.

This paper investigates the effectiveness of the breast dissector to create a substernal space for oesophageal reconstruction. The surgeon must be extremely careful while dissecting the tissue below the sternum in order to avoid pneumothorax. The endoscopically assisted preparation of the substernal route is safe but it requires appropriate training. A retrospective study on 68 patients who underwent oesophageal reconstruction was done analysing the patients' records. In 39 cases, the breast dissector was used. In 29 cases, the substernal tunnel was created with hand dissection only. All 68 colon segments were successfully transferred in the two groups of patients. In all 39 the cases where the breast dissector was used no pneumothorax followed. In 10 (34%) patients of the control group pneumothorax occurred. Concluding, no more pneumothorax has occurred during the substernal oesophageal reconstruction since we started using the breast dissector.     

Staged reduction of neglected transscaphoid perilunate fracture dislocation: A report of 16 cases

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Transscaphoid perilunate fracture dislocation is a rare injury and can be easily missed at the initial treatment. Once ignored, late reduction is not possible and needs extensive dissection. An alternative treatment such as proximal row carpectomy may be required for neglected injuries, but surgical outcome is not as good as that of an early reduction. We aim to present an alternative technique of staged reduction and fixation in patients of neglected transscaphoid perilunate dislocations and study its outcome. Material & Methods 16 cases (14 males & 2 females) with neglected transscaphoid perilunate fracture dislocation (> 3 month old) were treated with staged reduction. Mean duration between injury and surgery was 4.5 months. In first stage an external fixator was applied across the wrist and distraction was done at 1mm/day. Second surgery was done through dorsal approach and we were able to reduce all the fractures & dislocations. Herbert screws and K wires were used for fixation. RESULTS: The mean duration between two surgeries was 2.4 weeks (range 2- 4 weeks). 9 cases had excellent results, 5 had good result. Two patients developed reflex sympathetic dystrophy and had fair results. CONCLUSION: Staged reduction should be considered for neglected transscaphoid perilunate dislocations. If properly executed, a good functional pain free range of motion is the usual outcome.     

A new capsuloplasty technique in open reduction of developmental dislocation of the hip

A meticulous capsuloplasty is needed to maintain concentric reduction in the surgical treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The authors present a new capsuloplasty technique that was named as 'reverse U-shaped capsuloplasty'. It was performed in 72 dislocated hips of 62 children with a mean age of 2.7 years. The reverse U-shaped flap, created in the redundant superolateral capsule was turned downwards, advanced medially, anteriorly and inferiorly and brought over the anteroinferior capsular incision. After a mean follow-up period of 3 years there was neither redislocation nor restriction of the hip joint motion in any hips.     

Open reduction of congenital dislocation of the knee: a report on two cases

Congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK) is not a common condition, and in most cases, reduction is performed by closed methods. We present two children with CDK who were refractory to conservative treatment. Surgical reduction was performed, and quadriceps lengthening was done by VY plasty in one and Z plasty in the other. At operation, it was difficult to identify the different muscle groups. Abnormal fibrous tissue was present in both the cases beneath the contracted quadriceps, which required complete excision. The child with Z plasty to lengthen the quadriceps had better range of motion in the knee than did the one with VY plasty.     

采用后路长-短棒交替复位技术治疗严重骨折脱位型胸腰椎骨折（附11例报道）

对于骨折脱位型胸腰椎骨折,后路椎弓根内固定系统可以进行安全、有效地复位,是处理这类损伤的首选措施[1],但对于脱位程度严重者仍存在术中复位困难,复位过程易加重神经损伤等情况[2]。我们于2006年2月～2010年10月采用后路长-短棒交替复位并进行长节段固定的方法治疗了11例严重骨折脱位型胸腰椎骨折患者,并取得良好的治疗效果,报告如下。     

Opposition replacement: illustrated by a new technique. Preliminary report of cases.

A modification of le Coeur's method of restoring opposition of the thumb is described. An outrigger is built upon the thumb metacarpal to give a suitable direction of force, an enhanced mechanical advantage and an improved appearance.     

Transscaphoid-lunate dislocation: a report of two cases

Transscaphoid -lunate dislocation is a rare carpal injury resulting in proximal and palmar dislocation of the proximal pole of the scaphoid and lunate as a unit. Treatment in two patients consisted of immediate open reduction and internal fixation. Both patients (at 2 and 4 years' follow-up) are asymptomatic.     

切开复位环状韧带重建治疗单纯桡骨小头脱位3例

病例1:男,12岁。跌倒躯干后仰,右前臂旋前掌心触地致右肘关节过伸位损伤12h,检查见右前臂旋前位,右肘窝前侧可触及骨性隆起。X线片见右桡骨小头前脱位,尺骨轴线正常,未见尺骨骨折。手法复位感觉桡骨小头后侧有硬性组织阻碍,复位失败。臂丛麻醉下右肘关节后外侧入路,见桡骨小头脱于肱骨外髁前上方,环状韧带下半部分撕裂,残存坚韧的上半部分卡于桡骨小头后侧。术中牵开环状韧带,复位桡骨小头,修补撕裂的环状韧带,术后桡骨小头原位固定,肘屈90°石膏外固定,3周后解除外固定,功能正常,无脱位复发。病例2:男,9岁。跌倒双上肢伸直位掌心触地致伤,…