Uterine artery embolisation for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: short-term results of work in progress

Bilateral uterine artery embolisation (UAE) was used to treat 11 women with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Uterine volume and dominant fibroid volume were assessed quantitatively by ultrasonography both before and at two and six months post procedure. Both uterine arteries were occluded effectively in all of the women, and the procedure was well tolerated, with hospital stays limited to 24-48 hours in all cases. An improvement of symptoms occurred in 10 of the 11 women. There were no significant complications. The mean percentage reductions in uterine volume and dominant fibroid volume at six months following the procedure were 45.32% and 56.34%, respectively. Bilateral uterine artery embolisation for the treatment of uterine fibroids is a minimally invasive technique with very good clinical results. This procedure may be considered as an alternative to hysterectomy, or myomectomy in properly selected cases.     

Uterine cancer in Maryland: impact of surgeon case volume and other prognostic factors on short-term mortality

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the patterns of primary surgical care and short term outcomes for uterine cancer according to surgeon and hospital case volume. METHODS: A statewide hospital discharge database was used to identify women undergoing primary surgery for uterine cancer during 1994-2005. Surgeon case volume was categorized as low (or=100 cases/12 years). Hospital case volume was categorized as low (or=200 cases/12 years). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate for significant factors associated with in-hospital death and access to high volume care. RESULTS: Overall, 6,181 cases for uterine cancer were performed by 894 surgeons at 49 hospitals. Low volume surgeons performed 62.4% of the cases. Management by high volume surgeons was associated with a 53% reduction in the risk of the case being managed by different attending physician/surgeon (95% CI 0.38-0.57, p<0.00). In contrast, 90.5% of cases were performed at high volume hospitals. Management by different attending physician/surgeon was associated with a 2.6 increase in the risk of in hospital death (95%CI 1.41-4.79, p=0.00). Surgery performed by high-volume surgeons was associated with a 48% reduction in the risk of in-hospital death (95%CI 0.26-1.00, p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management of uterine cancer by high volume surgeons is associated with a decrease risk in in-hospital death. Increased efforts to concentrate the surgical management of uterine cancer by high volume surgeons at high volume centers should be undertaken.     

地诺孕素治疗子宫腺肌病疗效分析及安全性评估北大核心CSCD

目的探讨地诺孕素治疗子宫腺肌病患者的临床疗效及安全性,为子宫腺肌病患者接受地诺孕素治疗提供理论依据。方法选择2019年9月至2021年3月在宁波市妇女儿童医院就诊的子宫腺肌病患者61例,中途停药12例,长期口服24周以上49例。分析患者用药前、用药后的痛经视觉模拟评分(VAS)、月经量图示出血评分(PBAC)法、子宫体积及CA125值,门诊每3个月复查实验室及影像学检查,并同时记录药物副反应。结果患者口服地诺孕素后痛经、月经量明显改善(P<0.05),子宫体积无明显变化。55例(90.16%)患者发生异常子宫出血,其中4例患者发生严重的异常子宫出血,需输血或住院治疗,共计15例(24.59%)次患者出现低雌激素相关症状(潮热、头痛、失眠),实验室检查仅发现2例(3.28%)患者出现了肝功能轻度改变。结论地诺孕素治疗子宫腺肌病可以明显改善患者月经量及痛经症状,低雌激素相关症状发生率低,长期口服可耐受。但对于子宫腺肌病子宫体积显著增大,伴月经量明显增多的患者使用地诺孕素应慎重。     

经直肠超声观察底蜕膜部位血流情况预测药物流产结局的研究

目的:探讨预测药物流产后是否需清宫的超声诊断血流指标。方法:因非意愿妊娠自愿要求药物流产的早孕妇女孕囊排出后,行直肠超声检查,根据底蜕膜部位血流分成3种类型,Ⅰ型:无血流信号;Ⅱ型:星点状或短棒状血流信号,阻力指数(resistance index,RI)>0.6;Ⅲ型,火球状血流信号,RI≤0.6。比较3种类型患者药物流产后的转归情况,主要评价指标有流产后出血天数、出血量、是否施行清宫手术和清宫组织病理结果。结果:Ⅰ型20例,其中18例(90.0%)出血天数≤7 d,20例流产后出血量均<月经量,均未行清宫术;Ⅱ型64例,其中40例(62.5%)流血天数≤7 d,22例(34.4%)经宫缩剂及止血剂治疗后出血逐渐停止,仅2例(3.1%)出血时间>15 d,施行清宫术;Ⅲ型10例,流血天数均>15 d,流产后出血量均>月经量,全部予以清宫(100.0%)。结论:药物流产后底蜕膜部位血流状态可应用经直肠彩色超声将其分为3种类型,Ⅰ型预示流产完全;Ⅱ型预示大多数能流产完全(96.9%),仅少数病例需要清宫处理;Ⅲ型预示不全流产。     

The scope of vaginal hysterectomy

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to check the feasibility of the vaginal route as the primary route for hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: All patients in whom hysterectomy was indicated were first considered for vaginal hysterectomy unless this route was contraindicated. Vaginal hysterectomy (VH) was performed in 5655 patients, and in 90.4% of these no uterine prolapse was present. The operative intervention required, preconditions and any complications were carefully studied. RESULTS: Of the 6945 cases considered, vaginal hysterectomy was possible in 5655 (81%). Successful simultaneous prophylactic oophorectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy was possible, in 1510 of 1572 cases without laparoscopic assistance. The indications are carefully discussed, with a strong emphasis on examination under anaesthesia, preoperative total uterine volume and, if required, laparoscopic evaluation and surgeons' readiness to reduce the frequency of recourse to laparotomy or laparoscopic assistance. CONCLUSION: The vaginal route is the least invasive and most economical route for hysterectomy and should be the gynaecological surgeon's first choice. A uterus with a volume up to 300 cm3 or uterine size up to 12 weeks should be dealt with vaginally, and as surgeons become more experienced larger uteri and also the adnexa can be approached in the same manner, at least as trial vaginal hysterectomy.     

Myomectomy via hysteroscopy. Indications, technics, results]

Nowadays operative hysteroscopy represents the elective treatment of submucous and partially intramural fibroids. Seventy patients underwent hysteroscopic resection of fibroids, because of abnormal uterine bleeding in 58 (82.8%) cases, and infertility in 12 (17.2%) cases. The evaluation of the lesion was performed by diagnostic hysteroscopy and abdominal (57 patients) or transvaginal (13 patients) ultrasounds. In particular, for the evaluation of the intramural portion of the lesion, the hysteroscopic study of the angle between fibroid and myometrium was fundamental: the more acute the angle is the more intracavitary the myoma is. Forty-six (65.7%) out of 70 had a completely intracavitary fibroid; in 14 (20%) cases the intramural development was less than 1.5 cm and in the remaining 10 (14.3%) cases was more than 1.5 cm. Integration of hysteroscopy and ultrasounds for the assessment of myomas and the preoperative preparation by LH-RH analogues allow to perform an endoscopic resection of myomas which has up to, and sometimes over, 50% of their volume in the uterine wall.     

凶险性前置胎盘伴宫颈植入的诊断与治疗

目的探讨凶险性前置胎盘伴宫颈植入的诊治方法。 方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年1月江西省妇幼保健院收治的凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入96例患者的临床资料,其中32例伴宫颈植入(宫颈植入组),64例伴子宫下段植入(子宫下段植入组),比较2组病例术中出血量、输血量、术后血红蛋白水平、手术止血方法、术后并发症等。 结果(1)宫颈植入组术中出血量2000～2975 ml,平均2500 ml,显著高于子宫下段植入组(1000～1500 ml,平均1200 ml), (Z＝－6.634,P＝0.001);输红细胞悬液、血浆、血小板及冷沉淀的量亦显著多于子宫下段植入组,P均<0.05;(2)子宫下段植入组中57例(89.06%)采取子宫血管结扎进行止血,高于宫颈植入组20例(62.5%), χ²＝9.48,P<0.05;宫颈植入组宫颈环形缝合术28.13%(9/32)和子宫切除率达34.38%(11/32),高于子宫下段植入组的9.38%(6/64)和1.56%(1/64), χ²＝5.69和18.11,P<0.05;(3)宫颈植入组失血性休克及膀胱损伤的发生率分别为56.25%(18/32)、15.63%(5/32),高于子宫下段植入组的14.06%(9/64)、1.56%(1/64),P<0.05。 结论凶险性前置胎盘伴宫颈植入患者病情更凶险;对宫颈植入患者术前应准确评估病情程度,术中选择合适的止血措施,控制其出血量,在保障孕产妇安全的前提下,降低子宫切除率。     

Treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyoma with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

Heavy menstrual bleeding is an increasingly common health problem. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has been advocated for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding as an alternative to surgery. Based on this established indication and theoretical potential of targeted endometrial solution of myoma-related bleeding, we evaluated the efficiency of LNG-IUS in treating selected cases presenting with heavy menstrual bleeding in the presence of uterine leiomyomas. This study included 68 patients with history of heavy menstrual bleeding and ultrasound-proved submucous uterine leiomyoma. Uterine bleeding was done by the semiquantitative pictorial blood loss assessment score. The 5-dimensional EuroQol was chosen as the primary measure of effectiveness on health-related quality of life. Patients were re-evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 month. After 12 months of follow-up, a significant reduction of menstrual flow was observed up to amenorrhea (in 11 cases). No significant effect for the LNG-IUS on the volume of fibroids or the uterine volume was observed. A significant improvement of the quality of life (measured by EQ index) was observed. Side effects were reported in ten cases. Eight cases required removal of the IUS for different reasons. So this study shows that in selected cases of uterine leiomyomas, Mirena LNG-IUS is an effective therapy directed towards the local steroid environment of the endometrium for control of the bleeding with no valuable effect on the myomas themselves.     

A longitudinal study of quantitative uterine blood flow with the use of color power angiography in appropriate for gestational age pregnancies

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinally changes in quantified blood volume flow in the uterine arteries during pregnancy with the use of color power angiography. STUDY DESIGN: Color power angiography was used to quantify volume flow in the uterine arteries of 57 women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies between 20 and 38 weeks' gestation. Comparisons were made between blood flow in the 2 arteries in relation to the location of the placenta. Linear regression models were used to estimate gestational age derived volumetric changes in these vessels. RESULTS: The diameter of the uterine arteries increased from 2.6 mm (SD, 0.2 mm) at 20 weeks to 4.8 mm (SD, 0.7 mm) at 38 weeks of gestation. The total uterine artery blood volume flow increased from 513 mL/min (SD, 127 mL/min) at 20 weeks to 970 mL/min (SD, 193 mL/min) at 38 weeks. The rate of increase was maximum between 20 and 24 weeks (39 mL/min per week). The laterality of the placenta significantly affected the diameter and blood volume flow in each uterine artery. The diameters on the ipsilateral side were significantly greater (by 10.8% +/- 2.4%) than the diameters on the contralateral side at all gestations (P < .05). Similarly, blood volume flow was significantly greater (by 17.8% +/- 2.2%) on the ipsilateral side at all gestations (P < .05). There were, however, no statistically significant differences between the vessel diameters and blood volume flow in those cases in which the placenta was central. Total uterine artery volume flow per kilogram of estimated fetal weight decreased from 1544 mL/kg per minute at 20 weeks to 296 mL/kg per minute at 38 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: Total quantified uterine artery blood volume flow increases while blood flow per kilogram of fetal weight decreases with gestation. Blood volume flow in the ipsilateral artery to the placenta was significantly higher than that in the contralateral artery. Calculating total uterine artery volume flow by doubling the blood flow from 1 artery (as was previously done) may therefore either result in an over or underestimation, depending on the relationship between the vessel and the laterality of the placenta. Color power angiography is a simple noninvasive tool for determining uterine artery blood volume flow.     

Volume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy: do myomas really grow?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate changes in uterine myoma volume during pregnancy. DESIGN: Review of departmental electronic perinatal database and medical records. Canadian Task Force Classification II-3. SETTING: Obstetrical ultrasound unit in an academic tertiary care center. PATIENTS: One hundred-seven patients diagnosed with uterine myomas during pregnancy and who had two or more obstetrical ultrasounds in different periods of pregnancy. INTERVENTIONS: We analyzed the change in volume of uterine myomas between the first half of pregnancy (up until 19 weeks), third quarter (20-30 weeks), and last quarter (31 weeks to term). The volume of largest uterine myoma was calculated using the formula Volume (mm3)=Pi/6x(length mm)x(width mm)x(height mm). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The mean age of the population was 31+/-6 years. Between the first and the second study periods, the percentage of uterine myomas that decreased in size was 55.1% (95% CI: 43-66), with a mean decrease in volume of 35%+/-4%; while the percentage of uterine myomas that enlarged was 44.9% (95% CI: 34-56), with a mean increase in volume of 69%+/-11%. Between the second and the third study periods, 75% (95% CI: 56-87) became smaller, with a mean decrease in volume of 30%+/-3%; while 25% (95% CI: 13-43) enlarged, with a mean increase in volume of 102%+/-62%. CONCLUSION: Contrary to common belief, we found that uterine myomas commonly decrease in volume over the course of pregnancy.     

超选择性子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病痛经68例分析

目的探讨超选择性子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)对子宫腺肌病痛经的临床疗效。方法对郑州大学第二附属医院妇产科2005年1月至2009年11月68例资料完整的采用UAE治疗有痛经的子宫腺肌病患者进行回顾性分析。术后1、3、6、12个月及以后每年1次随访观察并记录患者痛经缓解程度、月经量改变、血红蛋白变化及子宫体积变化情况。结果 UAE术后平均观察(36.3±12)个月。患者痛经缓解临床有效率为86.8%(59/68)、临床无效率为8.8%(6/68)、复发率4.4%(3/68);66例月经过多者UAE后月经量不同程度减少,1例出现闭经。子宫体积呈进行性缩小。结论 UAE治疗子宫腺肌病具有微创、安全、简单的特点,对于有痛经的患者疗效显著。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤远期疗效随访评价

目的:评价子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的远期疗效.方法:子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤并接受术后完整随访3年以上的患者共45例,随访子宫肌瘤变化和症状缓解情况、卵巢功能和术后生命质量.结果:治疗后3例子宫粘膜下肌瘤和5例直径小于3.0 cm的肌壁间肌瘤消失,3例无效,45例肌瘤体积平均缩小65%,未发现肌瘤复发,临床症状减轻或完全消失;除3例闭经外的42例治疗前后激素水平差异无统计学意义;治疗后6月生命质量初步改善,7～12月显著改善,12月以后处于稳定期.结论:子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤能使肌瘤体积明显缩小并缓解症状,对40岁以下患者的卵巢功能无明显影响,术后生命质量提高.     

Long-term treatment of leiomyomas with gestrinone

A prospective randomized study was conducted in 100 women with leiomyomas in order to evaluate the effect of gestrinone, a synthetic derivative of ethynil-nor-testosterone. Patients in group A received capsules containing 2.5 mg of gestrinone three times weekly orally. Those in group B received capsules containing 5.0 mg twice weekly, also orally. In group C, patients used by vaginal route tablets containing 5 mg of gestrinone three times weekly. Reduction in uterine volume occurred in all three groups of patients. Of patients who discontinued treatment at 6 months, uterine volume remained lower than pretreatment values in 89%, 18 months after discontinuation. Of those patients who discontinued at 1 year, uterine volume remained below pretreatment levels in 76% 1 year after discontinuation. In patients treated continuously for 24 months, mean uterine volume decreased from a mean 339 cm3 to 273 cm3, a statistically significant difference. The vaginal route showed statistically more significant volume decreases than the oral route for all treatment intervals.     

Radiotherapy at a young age reduces uterine volume of childhood cancer survivors

BACKGROUND: In contrast to chemotherapy, previous irradiation of the uterus carries an increased risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome. Conflicting results exist as regards the ability of the uterus to increase in volume following radiotherapy-induced damage. We measured uterine volume in a cohort of childhood cancer survivors, and assessed uterine response to a high-dose estrogen replacement regimen. METHODS: Uterine volume was assessed by transvaginal sonography in 100 childhood cancer survivors. Three patients with ovarian failure and severely reduced uterine volume following abdominal or pelvic irradiation were treated with percutaneous estradiol 150 microg/24 h for three cycles, and transvaginal uterine sonography was repeated monthly. RESULTS: Uterine volume was significantly reduced in nulliparous patients who had received direct uterine irradiation (n = 13; median 13 mL, range 1-52 mL) compared with nulliparous patients who had received chemotherapy only (n = 37; 47 mL, 22-88), radiotherapy above the diaphragm (n = 17; 40 mL, 24-61), or radiotherapy below the diaphragm not directly involving the uterus (n = 13; 34 mL, 8-77) (p < 0.02 in all comparisons). Among nulliparous patients a significant correlation was found between age at direct uterine irradiation and uterine volume (r = 0.78, p = 0.002). No significant improvement in uterine volume, endometrial thickness or uterine artery blood flow was observed in three hypogonadal patients in response to high-dose estrogen replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that cytotoxic treatment in childhood does not affect adult uterine size. In contrast, uterine irradiation at a young age reduces adult uterine volume. The radiotherapy-induced damage is probably irreversible.     

Uterine leiomyosarcoma diagnosed during treatment with agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone for presumed uterine fibroid

Medical treatment with an LH-RH agonist may be used in selected cases of uterine fibroids. Although rare, rapid increase in uterine or fibroid volume may suggest an underlying leiomyosarcoma that would require prompt surgical intervention. Close monitoring of the response to treatment with an LH-RH agonist is essential.     

Laparoscopic hysterectomy after GnRh analogue therapy

AIM: The aim of this clinical prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the GnRh analogues treatment carried out before the implementation of a laparoscopic hysterectomy on patients affected by fibromatosis and metrorrhagia. METHODS: We examined a cohort of 40 women sharing an average uterine volume of 510+/-95 cm3 observed in a time span of 22 months. Precociously, in the follicular phase we treated our sample of patients with only one ampoule of triptorelin 11.25 mg in a short-term regime. At the end of the treatment, after about 3 months, we re-scanned by ultrasound the uterine volume before carrying out the surgical treatment. RESULTS: The presurgical treatment with GnRh analogues allowed a significant reduction of the uterine volume of about 4% in 34 cases (85% patients) as confirmed by ultrasound. The Student t test revealed significant difference before and after the treatment with a P value <0.05. Further, we obtained an increase of about 2-3 g of hemoglobin. The average treatment time was of about 130 min (ranging from 110 to 160 min). The only intrasurgical complication consisted in a vescical lesion which we repaired without consequences. In the postsurgical period we incurred in only 3 cases of fever (38.5 degrees C) which required an antibiotic therapy. The average length of hospitalization was three days. CONCLUSION: The presurgical treatment with GnRh analogues can be considered a valuable option in the management of the uterine leiomyomas pathology.     

腹腔镜手术治疗早期子宫恶性肿瘤23例

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗早期子宫恶性肿瘤的可能性和安全性.方法采用电视腹腔镜技术对23例早期子宫恶性肿瘤患者进行手术治疗,其中16例子宫内膜癌施行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除加双附件切除术,5例子宫颈癌及另2例子宫体癌行腹腔镜下盆腔淋巴结清扫加广泛子宫切除术.结果腹腔镜广泛子宫切除术平均手术时间215.44min,术中失血量278.38 ml,腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫加广泛子宫切除术平均手术时间300.86 min,术中失血量550 ml.术中无一例脏器损伤.平均住院时间8天.结论开展腹腔镜手术治疗早期子宫恶性肿瘤是可行的,安全的,值得研究与运用.     

地诺孕素、亮丙瑞林辅助治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的临床效果比较#br#

Objective?To compare the efficacy of different drugs in adjuvant treatment of ovarian endometrioma. Methods?A total of 170 patients with ovarian endometriosis cysts were randomly divided into dienogest group (dienogest treatment) and leuprolide group (leuprolide treatment), 85 cases in each group. The curative effects of the two groups were compared, and the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), endometrial thickness, uterine volume, and antral follicle count (AFC) were observed in the two groups, ovarian stromal blood flow resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) changes. Results?There was no significant difference in the total effective rate, endometrial thickness, uterine volume, CA125 level and AFC between the two groups (P>0.05); the levels of FSH, E2, LH, RI, and PI in the leuprolide group were lower than those in the dinoflagellate group. There was no significant difference in endometrial thickness, uterine volume, CA125 or AFC between the two groups after treatment (P＞0.05). After treatment, RI in leuprolide group was lower than that in dienogest group (P<0.05). Conclusion?The effects of dienogest and leuprolide on ovarian endometrioma cysts are similar, but adjuvant leuprolide therapy can be more beneficial to improve ovarian blood supply.     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床观察

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 对38例子宫肌瘤患者经导管子宫动脉注射碘油－平阳霉素乳剂行TUAE治疗,其中5例于栓塞后1－3周行全子宫切除或肌瘤剔除术,标本送病理检查;对33例随访6－12个月者,观察肌瘤与子宫体积变化及卵巢内分泌功能改变。结果 行TUAE后,患者总的症状改善率为90．6％（29／32）,其中月经完全恢复正常为90．3％（28／31）,下腹部、腰腿胀痛消失为83．3％（25／30）,尿频、尿急等压迫症状消失为45．5％（5／11）。栓塞6个月后,肌瘤与子宫体积平均缩小为59．1％和49．3％,栓塞12个月后平均缩小为61．8％和49．9％。卵巢内分泌功能栓塞前后无显著变化。手术标本病理学检查,碘油仅分布于肌瘤组织,栓塞2周后肌瘤组织出现点状坏死,3周后出现大量片状坏死,而正常子宫肌组织未见异常。结论 行TAUE治疗子宫肌瘤,近期疗效明显,对卵巢内分泌功能及正常子宫肌组织无明显影响。     

The response of uterine fibroids to GnRH-agonist treatment can be predicted in most cases after one month.

Twenty-seven patients with uterine fibroids were treated for 3 months with the GnRH-agonist goserelin prior to surgical myomectomy. Ovarian function was suppressed reliably in all patients. After three applications, 15 fibroids were reduced in volume by more than 50%, and one complete remission was achieved. Seven patients showed a decrease of 10-50% in volume. However, in 5 cases there was no significant reduction. Analysing the time course of the fibroid reduction, the response can be predicted in most cases as early as four weeks after the first injection. Retrospective statistical analysis showed that a 50% reduction in fibroid size due to GnRH treatment is preceded by a 35% reduction after 4 weeks in 81% of cases, and after 8 weeks in all cases. Only 2 of 12 fibroids, which showed a smaller response (less than 50%) to GnRH therapy, were reduced by more than 35% after 4 and 8 weeks. In most cases it seems to be possible to estimate the individual response to GnRH-application after the first injection, so that it is possible to stop therapy in non-responding patients.