重型颅脑创伤后脑疝伴失血性休克救治策略

Objective To explore emergency treatment strategies for the patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe traumatic brain injury and their effect on prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 54 patients (study group) with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock treated with selective treatment strategies from May 2006 to May 2009. Another 48 patients with the same injuries treated with no selective treatment strategies from April 2003 to April 2006 were used as control group. The mortality within one week and the GOS six months after injury were compared in two groups. Results There was no statistical difference in aspects of sex, age, injury mechanism, GCS and blood loss in both groups (P＞0.05). Thirteen patients died in the study group within the first week, with mortality rate of 24.1%. While 16 patients died in the control group at the first week, with mortality rate of 33.3% (P＜0.05). GOS half year after injury in the study group was better than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Early selective treatment strategy based on degree of shock may obtain better outcome for patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑创伤后脑疝伴失血性休克救治策略

Objective To explore emergency treatment strategies for the patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe traumatic brain injury and their effect on prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 54 patients (study group) with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock treated with selective treatment strategies from May 2006 to May 2009. Another 48 patients with the same injuries treated with no selective treatment strategies from April 2003 to April 2006 were used as control group. The mortality within one week and the GOS six months after injury were compared in two groups. Results There was no statistical difference in aspects of sex, age, injury mechanism, GCS and blood loss in both groups (P＞0.05). Thirteen patients died in the study group within the first week, with mortality rate of 24.1%. While 16 patients died in the control group at the first week, with mortality rate of 33.3% (P＜0.05). GOS half year after injury in the study group was better than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Early selective treatment strategy based on degree of shock may obtain better outcome for patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe brain injury.     

寰枢椎后路三种组合固定技术治疗寰枢关节不稳的临床评估

Objective To assess clinical curative effect of three types of combined posterior atlantoaxial internal fixation techniques in treatment of atlantoaxial instability. Methods The study involved 68 patients with atlantoaxial instability treated with different fixation techniques from August 2002 to March 2008. ( 1 ) Transpedicular fixation was performed in 32 patients including 20 patients with Anderson Ⅱ odontoid fractures (seven with old odontoid fracture and 13 with fresh fractures), six with type Anderson Ⅲ fresh odontoid fractures, four with disrupt of transverse ligament of the atlas and two with congenital loose odontoid process combined with atlantoaxial instability. (2) Transpedicular internal fixation with screws of atlas incorporating C2 laminar screws was performed in 20 patients with upper cervical injury including eight with type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures combined with atlantoaxial backward dislocation,four with type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures combined with atlantoaxial forward dislocation, two with nonunion of odontoid process fractures, three with type Ⅲ odontoid process fractures combined with atlantoaxial unsteadiness and three with atlantoaxial dislocation combined with disrupt of transverse ligament of atlas. (3)A total of 16 patients with traumatic atlantoaxial instability, reducible atlantoaxial dislocation and irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation were treated with four-point internal fixation technique using autologous iliac bone grafts. Results (1) A total of 120 screws were implanted in 32 patients, with no spinal cord or vertebral artery injury after surgery. Atlas lateral mass fixation was adopted in three patients because of broken posterior arch of the atlas. Postoperative CT showed that two screws were inserted into the vertebral artery hole and that one screw was inserted medially into the spinal canal and caused medial correx rupture, but both with no clinical symptoms. All 32 patients were followed up for 6-42 months ( average 26 months), which showed solid fusion in all patients. The postoperative JOA scores ranged from 13.2 points to 16.8 points (average 14. 8 points). (2) Thirty-two screws were implanted in 20 patients,with no spinal cord or vertebral artery injury. The patients were followed up for mean six months ( range 6-14 months). Postoperative X-ray showed sound bone fusion, with no cervical instability, loosening or breakage of the screws. (3) The symptoms of all the patients were improved at different degrees, with no neurological deterioration or severe complications, such as nerve blood vessel injury. All 16 patients were followed up for 8-26 months ( average 16 months), which showed bony fusion in all patients at 3-6 months after surgery. The spinal cord function was improved markedly in five patients, good in eight, mild in two but unchanged in one. Conclusions Three types of combined posterior atlantoaxial internal fixation techniques have advantages of rigid, short-segmental and three-dimensional fixation and hence are effective methods for treatment of upper cervical injuries. The combination mode can be varied according to specific condition of the patients.     

寰枢椎后路三种组合固定技术治疗寰枢关节不稳的临床评估

Objective To assess clinical curative effect of three types of combined posterior atlantoaxial internal fixation techniques in treatment of atlantoaxial instability. Methods The study involved 68 patients with atlantoaxial instability treated with different fixation techniques from August 2002 to March 2008. ( 1 ) Transpedicular fixation was performed in 32 patients including 20 patients with Anderson Ⅱ odontoid fractures (seven with old odontoid fracture and 13 with fresh fractures), six with type Anderson Ⅲ fresh odontoid fractures, four with disrupt of transverse ligament of the atlas and two with congenital loose odontoid process combined with atlantoaxial instability. (2) Transpedicular internal fixation with screws of atlas incorporating C2 laminar screws was performed in 20 patients with upper cervical injury including eight with type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures combined with atlantoaxial backward dislocation,four with type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures combined with atlantoaxial forward dislocation, two with nonunion of odontoid process fractures, three with type Ⅲ odontoid process fractures combined with atlantoaxial unsteadiness and three with atlantoaxial dislocation combined with disrupt of transverse ligament of atlas. (3)A total of 16 patients with traumatic atlantoaxial instability, reducible atlantoaxial dislocation and irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation were treated with four-point internal fixation technique using autologous iliac bone grafts. Results (1) A total of 120 screws were implanted in 32 patients, with no spinal cord or vertebral artery injury after surgery. Atlas lateral mass fixation was adopted in three patients because of broken posterior arch of the atlas. Postoperative CT showed that two screws were inserted into the vertebral artery hole and that one screw was inserted medially into the spinal canal and caused medial correx rupture, but both with no clinical symptoms. All 32 patients were followed up for 6-42 months ( average 26 months), which showed solid fusion in all patients. The postoperative JOA scores ranged from 13.2 points to 16.8 points (average 14. 8 points). (2) Thirty-two screws were implanted in 20 patients,with no spinal cord or vertebral artery injury. The patients were followed up for mean six months ( range 6-14 months). Postoperative X-ray showed sound bone fusion, with no cervical instability, loosening or breakage of the screws. (3) The symptoms of all the patients were improved at different degrees, with no neurological deterioration or severe complications, such as nerve blood vessel injury. All 16 patients were followed up for 8-26 months ( average 16 months), which showed bony fusion in all patients at 3-6 months after surgery. The spinal cord function was improved markedly in five patients, good in eight, mild in two but unchanged in one. Conclusions Three types of combined posterior atlantoaxial internal fixation techniques have advantages of rigid, short-segmental and three-dimensional fixation and hence are effective methods for treatment of upper cervical injuries. The combination mode can be varied according to specific condition of the patients.     

后侧入路微创全髋关节置换切口长度的临床研究

目的 探讨对于无选择患者微创全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)后侧入路缩短切口长度的合理性,并比较不同切口长度患者的临床效果.方法对2001年3月-2007年12月共256例单侧THA患者进行前瞻性研究.术前均不特意选择切口长度,采用后侧入路及微创手术技术,按照术后切口长度测量值分组:小切口组(＜10 cm)99例,中度切口组(10～14 cm)112例,标准切口组(＞14 cm)45例.收集住院期间患者相关资料包括年龄、性别、诊断、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、手术时间、术中出血量和总出血量、外旋肌保留和关节囊修复情况,分析术后X线平片,记录术中及术后并发症.术前及术后采用视觉模拟疼痛评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)来估测疼痛强度,Harris评分评定患髋功能.结果所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间6.1年(2.5～9.2年).有211例无选择THA患者可用较小的切口(＜14 cm)完成手术.小切口组体重指数低,术中出血量少,术后早期疼痛轻、对切口满意度高,但其髋臼假体外展角异常比例更高,与其余两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).中度切口组在关节囊解剖位修复及梨状肌保留例数、手术时间和术后6周Harris评分与小切口组相同,但与标准切口组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论对于无选择THA患者采用微创手术技术,较小的后侧切口可以获得安全满意的疗效.尽量缩短手术切口而非强求小切口,可最大限度减轻软组织损伤使手术顺利进行,并保证远期临床效果.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the reasonability of posterior approach incision length in an unselected patient cohort with minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) and compare the clinical results of different incision lengths. Methods A consecutive unselected 256 patients who underwent primary unilateral THA between March 2001 and December 2007 were studied prospectively. Prior to the operation, the incision length was not deliberately selected for the patients. A posterior approach was used for all procedures with minimally invasive surgical techniques. The patients were divided into three groups according to the incision length at the end of surgery: mini-incision group ( ＜ 10 cm, 99 patients) , moderate incision group (10-14 cm, 112 patients) and standard incision group ( ＞ 14 cm, 45 patients). The in-hospital data including age, sex, diagnosis,body mass index (BMI),operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, total blood loss, preservation of the external rotators, anatomic repair of the capsule as well as postoperative radiographs were collected for analysis of the intraoperative and postoperative complications. The pain was estimated by using the individual visual analog scale (VAS) and the functional outcome evaluated by Harris hip score preoperatively and postoperatively. Results All the patients were followed up for an average period of 6.1 years (2.5-9.2 years). The incision length was shortened and optimized ( ＜ 14 cm) in 211 patients. There showed decrease of BMI, less intraoperative blood loss, less pain, satisfactory outcome but higher proportion of abnormal abduction angle of the acetabular prosthesis in the early postoperative period in the mini-incision group, with statistical difference compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05). The preservation of the piriformis tendon, anatomic repair of the joint capsule, operation duration and Harris score at 6th postoperative week in the moderate incision group were similar to those in the mini incision group but showed statistical difference in comparison with the standard incision group ( P ＜0. 05). Conclusions Minimally invasive THA with a smaller posterior incision can attain safe and effective curative effect for the unselected patient cohort. A smaller but not necessarily miniincision may allow minimal soft tissue trauma for the surgeon to perform the procedure well and ensure a long-term clinical results.     

重型颅脑损伤患者血清血栓调节蛋白和血管性假血友病因子动态变化及其临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of thrombomodulin (TM) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) and their clinical significance in patients with severe brain injury. Methods The study involved 62 patients with severe brain injury who were divided into diffuse axonal injury group (28 patients) and focal brain injury group (34 patients). Then, the 62 patients were divided into young group (16-30 years old, 20 patients), middle-aged group (31-65 years old, 20 patients) and elderly group ( ＞65 years old, 22 patients). The serum levels of TM and vWf were determined at days 1 and 7 after injury respectively. ELISA method was employed to determine the serum levels of TM and vWf.Results The vWf in focal brain injury group was significantly higher than that of diffuse axonal injury group at days 1-7 after injury ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with the young and middle-aged groups, the TM and vWf levels in the elderly group at day 1 after injury were significantly elevated ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The TM levels in patients with delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma (DTICH) were significantly higher than that in patients without DTICH (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions In the acute stage of severe brain injury,injury severity and activation of endothelial cells varies in patients with different types of injury and at different ages. TM is one of sensitive indicators to reflect the cerebal vascular endothelial cell injury. It is very meaningful to assess the prognosis of severe brain injury by measuring serum levels of TM and vWf and take TM as a predictive indicator for DTICH.     

CT引导下经皮空心钉内固定治疗骶髂关节复合体损伤

目的 评价CT引导下经皮空心钉治疗骶髂关节复合体损伤的安全性、可靠性及疗效.方法 45例骶髂关节复合体损伤患者,男20例,女25例;年龄15～58岁.交通伤28例,高处坠落伤17例.其中骶骨骨折14例(Dennis Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型9例),骶髂关节脱位12例,骶骨骨折合并骶髂关节脱位6例,骶髂关节复合体损伤合并骨盆前环损伤9例,合并肢体其他骨折4例.牵引复位,在CT室中应用体表定位纸定位入针点,局部麻醉下采用经皮空心钉固定骶髂关节,术后早期进行功能锻炼.结果 45例共置入空心钉72枚,手术时间21～68 min(平均37 min),术中出血约30～75 ml.38例获得随访,时间6～26个月.根据Majeed评分标准,患者评分72～96分,平均90.3分,优33例,良2例,优良率92%,无医源性神经损伤、切口感染及内固定物断裂等并发症.结论 CT引导下经皮空心钉内固定治疗骶髂关节复合体损伤定位准确,内固定稳定,手术操作安全可靠,联合早期功能锻炼,疗效肯定,是固定骨盆后环损伤的最佳治疗方法之一.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of CT-guided percutaneous hollow screw fixation in the treatment of patients with sacroiliac complex injury. Methods Forty-five patients (at age range of 15-58 years) with sacroiliac complex injuries including 20 males and 25 females were enrolled in this study. There were 28 traffic injuries and 17 fall injuries. Fourteen patients with sacral fractures ( 15 patients with Dennis type Ⅰ fractures and nine with Dennis type Ⅱ fractures), 12 with sacroiliac joint dislocation, six with sacral fracture combined with sacroiliac joint dislocation and nine with sacroiliac joint complex injury. All patients were treated by CT-guided percutaneous hollow screw fixation. The functional exercise was performed early after operation. Results Seventy-two hollow screws were installed in 45 patients, with the operation time for 21-68 minutes ( average 37 minutes) and the operative blood loss for 30-75 ml. Of all, 38 patients were followed up for 6-26 months. According to the Majeed functional criteria, the score of the patients was 72-96 points (average 90. 3 points ), which showed that the results were excellent in 33 patients and good in two, with excellence rate of 92%. No iatrogenic nerve injury, incision infection or screw fracture were detected. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous hollow screw fixation takes advantages of precise direction, stable fixation and safe operation and hence is one of safe and effective methods for treatment of sacroiliac complex injury.     

儿童意外伤害的临床流行病学特征分析

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among children patients at age of ≤ 14 years so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of the children injury. Methods ICD-10 coding was used to retrospectively analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the children patients with unintentional injuries at age of ≤ 14 years admitted from January to December 2009 and the factors affecting the prognosis were discussed. Results There were 3011 patients, with 1991 males (66.12%) and 1 020 females (33.88%). The patients at ages of < 1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-14 years accounted for 8.24%, 53.30%, 27.90% and 10.56% respectively. The patients from the rural and urban areas accounted for 56.16% and 43.84% respectively. Trauma was the leading sort of injuries in four age groups, accounting for 70.56%, 62.68%, 89.64% and 87.74% respectively. Fall from height was the first cause of unintentional injuries in four age groups, with proportion for 47.58%,36.39%, 51.90% and 56.29% respectively. Muhinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that hospital stay, therapeutic mode ( operation/non-operation), inhabitancy ( urban/rural), causes of injuries and injury severity on admission were the risk factors affecting the prognosis (P < 0.05 ). The rural areas caused higher risk of disability than the urban areas ( OR = 2. 170 ,P < 0.01 ) and non-operation produced higher risk of death than operation (OR = 6.352,P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions The male patients with unintentional injury are more than the female ones, with the highest incidence rate in children at age of 1-4years. Trauma is the main kind of unintentional injury and the fall from height the leading cause of injury.The difference of the rural and urban areas indicates that correct choice of the preventive measures based oh the condition of the local area can attain effective prevention and control of the unintentional injuries.     

保留椎体后壁的前路技术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

Objective To evaluate the clinical result and feasibility of anterior approach with posterior vertebral wall preserved in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture with or without paraplegia. Methods From 2005 to 2010, 68 patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture were treated by corpectomy, strut graft and instrumentation with preserved posterior vertebral wall. There were 49 males and 19 females at average age of 39.8 years (16-62 years). Kyphotic Cobb' s angle and spinal stenotic rate was measured preoperatively and postoperatively. The neurological status was evaluated with Frankel impairment scale. Results All patients were successfully managed with this technique, with no neurological deteriorations, cerebrospinal fluid leakage or incision infections except for the pneumothorax in three patients who were then cured through expectant treatment. Screw distraction was performed for restoration of the disc height and kyphosis in 68 patients. After the fractured fragment became loose and was removed, the dura matter was exposed in 19 patients including the eerebrospinal fluid leakage in three patients. Retrograde lumbar myelography was applied in eight patients, of whom there found the blocked spinal canal in three patients and excision of the posterior vertebral wall was performed. Lack of vertebral distraction was found in two patients and extraction of the reversed bone fracture behind the posterior longitudinal ligament was performed in one. The preservation rate of the posterior vertebral wall was 95% (65/68). Fifty-two patients were followed up for mean 2.2 years (from 3 months to 4.5 years) ,which showed no lower back kyphosis. There showed 1-3 Frankel grades of improvement in spinal cord function except for five patients at Frankel grade A. The Cobb angle was average 18.2° in 68 patients preoperatively and was corrected to 9.7°in 52 patients at last follow-up. CT scan showed that the stenotic rate was 42% preoperatively and 9% at final follow up in 68 patients,with no breakage of the screw and plate. Conclusion In the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures,anterior approach is helpful for preservation of the posterior vertebral wall.     

脊髓型颈椎病前路术后脊髓损伤的原因及防治对策

目的 探讨脊髓型颈椎病前路手术引起脊髓损伤的原因和防治策略.方法 分析2001年-2009年共749例实施前路减压融合手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者病历资料.共有5例患者在术后即刻或术后早期出现了脊髓功能下降.其中男3例,女2例;年龄48-62岁,平均52岁.2例合并有后纵韧带骨化.术前日本骨科学会(JOA)评分9-16分,平均12.4分.手术方式采用前路经颈椎间盘或椎体次全切除减压、自体髂骨或Cage融合、钛合金板内固定术.术中出血50～200 ml.2例患者术后即刻发现脊髓功能障碍加重,1例术后6 h出现下肢感觉运动消失,1例术后24 h出现一侧肢体瘫痪,1例术后5 d出现四肢麻木加重.4例患者早期给予大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗.5例患者均再次行颈椎前路探查术,其中1例患者同时又行后路单开门椎管扩大成形术.结果 随访时间1～2年,平均16个月.4例患者脊髓功能(JOA评分)术后3个月均恢复或优于术前水平,术后1年均优于术前水平;1例患者术后1年神经功能仍无改善.分析脊髓损伤原因:术中减压和止血伤及脊髓2例,减压不彻底1例,血肿和止血纱布压迫各1例.结论 颈前路减压手术引起脊髓损伤的主要原因是术后延迟损伤,如果发现和处理及时,脊髓功能大多数可以恢复至术前水平.应尽量避免术中操作伤及脊髓,从而导致脊髓功能永久性障碍.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the causes and prevention strategies of postoperative spinal cord injury after anterior approach surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Methods The clinical data of 749 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated with anterior approach surgery from 2001 to 2009 were retrospectively studied.There were five patients with spinal cord dysfunction instantly or early after operation,including three males and two females at average age of 52 years (range,48-62 years).Two patients were combined with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was average 12.4(9-16)preoperatively.The surgeries included anterior cervical diskectomy(or corpectomy)and interbody fusion(iliac bone graft or cage or titanium mesh)and locking plates fixation.The blood loss was 50-200 ml.The symptoms included instant spinal cord injury in two patients,loss of the motor and feeling of both legs at 6 h after surgery in one,paralysis of one side limbs at 24 h after surgery in one and numbness of limbs at 5 days after surgery in one.Four patients were treated by large dose of methylprednisolone.Five patients underwent anterior exploration surgery,of which one patient received posterior cervical one-door expansive laminoplasty. Results The patients were followed up for average 16 months(12-24 months).The JOA score of four patients was recovered at three months and WaS better than preoperation after surgery.The function of spinal cord of one patient showed no improvement at one year after surgery.The causes for spinal cord injury included inappropriate surgical manipulation in decompression and haemostasis in two patients,insufficient decompression in one,epidural hematoma in one and absorbable hemostatic gauze in one. Conclusions The major causes of postoperative spinal cord injury in anterior approach surgery for cervical spondylofic myelopathy are the delayed postoperative injury.The spinal cord can recover to normal and has satisfactory prognosis if discovered promptly.We must avoid the spinal cord injury by surgical Manipulation that may result in permanent neurological deficits.     

焦痂切开减压在面颈部深度烧伤治疗中的应用

目的：探讨双颈部焦痂切开减压在面颈部深度烧伤治疗中的应用效果。方法：对6例面颈部深度烧伤及轻度吸人性损伤的大面积烧伤病人早期采用双颈部焦痂切开减压处理，观察颈部感觉变化，气道梗阻发生情况及颈部切开创面愈合情况。结果：6例患者中3例在面颈部出现紧缩感时行双颈部焦痂切开减压，切开后颈部紧缩感全部缓解，3例在未出现紧缩感时即进行预防性切开；6例患者在随后的治疗中未出现气道梗阻，未进行气管切开，均成功救治，4例颈部切开创面换药后自行愈合，2例植皮修复，未出现出血、感染等并发症。结论：早期行双颈部焦痂切开减压，可有效防止面颈部深度烧伤患者早期发生气道梗阻，避免气管切开，该方法简便可行。     

MEBO包扎治疗陈旧性热水袋深度烫伤52例体会

目的:观察MEBO对陈旧性热水袋小面积深度烫伤的治疗效果。方法:全程应用MEBO减压包扎并结合手术刀“#”切口法治疗。结果:本组52例患者创面全部愈合,愈合时间为4周-8周,外观平整,无增生或萎缩性瘢痕。结论:MEBO治疗热水袋小面积深度烫伤创面疗效显著。     

MEBO纱条治疗腹部外科术后切口感染62例

目的：观察湿润烧伤膏（MEBO）纱条治疗腹部外科手术后切口感染的疗效。方法：拆除感染伤口缝线，将MEBO纱条填塞感染伤口，隔日换药治疗；较大感染伤口Ⅱ期缝合。结果：所有病例全部治愈，87.1%Ⅰ期愈合，12.9%Ⅱ期清创缝合愈合，平均愈合时间12天。结论：MEBO纱条治疗腹部外科术后切口感染疗效显。     

颈椎单侧关节突交锁的治疗选择

目的 探讨颈椎单侧关节突交锁的不同治疗方法选择.方法 32例颈椎单侧关节突交锁,行头颅牵引复位成功8例,其中3例维持牵引1个月后改行头颈胸石膏固定,余5例行前路减压植骨融合内固定术.23例牵引失败,其中14例行前路切开复位、椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定术;3例前路复位失败行椎间盘切除加椎体次全切除减压植骨内固定术,1例前路复位失败改行后路切开复位后再前方植骨内固定术;3例行后路切开复位侧块内固定植骨融合术,2例行后路切开复位减压、前路椎间盘切除减压植骨内固定术.1例由于漏诊,伤后8个月行前路减压植骨融合术.结果 平均随访18个月.发现颈椎不稳2例,均为仅行牵引复位,未做融合术者.颈前路手术者植骨块术后12周均获骨性融合.颈椎生理曲度及椎间隙高度恢复较好.无内固定并发症,亦无治疗中神经并发症.结论 下颈椎单侧关节突交锁的治疗需要综合考虑多方面的因素,包括是否伴有椎间盘损伤、是否合并后柱骨折、脊髓压迫及损伤情况.对伴有创伤性颈椎间盘突出的单侧关节突交锁者,前路减压复位稳定术是首选方法,对于不伴椎间盘突出者,可试行牵引复位或直接后路切开复位固定.     

湿润烧伤膏与小切口外剥内扎术治疗环状混合痔

目的:观察湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗环状混合痔的治疗效果.方法:对40例环状混合痔的患者,先进行小切口外剥内扎术,然后创面应用湿润烧伤膏进行治疗.结果:治疗2周～3周均痊愈,随防1年～3年无复发,无出血,无肛门狭窄或失禁、脱出等并发症.结论:该法治疗环状混合痔能迅速减轻病人痛苦,疗效确切,无后遗症,远期疗效肯定,MEBO可有效改善症状,是治疗环状混合痔可靠有效的药物.     

湿润烧伤膏治疗小腿骨折术后并发溃疡的护理体会

目的：总结湿润烧伤膏在治疗小腿骨折术后并发溃疡的临床护理经验。方法：回顾分析我科2年来对5例小腿骨折术后并发溃疡病人全程规范应用湿润烧伤膏治疗效果和护理经验，采用暴露与半暴露相结合的治疗方法，规范护理换药技术。结果：5例病人创面全部愈合，创面愈合时问最短20天，最长35天，创面均达到生理性愈合，无瘢痕，色素沉着变淡。结论：湿润烧伤膏治疗小腿骨折术后并发溃疡，能明显控制创面感染，改善局部血运，促进肉芽组织与皮肤再生，对血运障碍引发的顽固性溃疡疗效显著。     

MEBT/MEBO治疗慢性难愈性创面的临床疗效分析

目的探索原位再生医疗技术(MEBT/MEBO)治疗慢性难愈性创面的治疗特点及临床疗效。方法52例慢性难愈性创面患者在治疗基础疾病的同时局部采用MEBT/MEBO治疗;无法自愈的创面,查找病因,彻底清除病灶,待肉芽组织培养成熟后行植皮等手术治疗;动态监测创面分泌物的培养及药敏试验结果,并根据培养及药敏试验结果针对性用药;观察、分析治疗效果。结果52例患者经MEBT/MEBO治疗后感染得到有效控制,创面完全愈合时间为99.83 d±35.44 d(30 d~180 d),其中31例患者通过湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)换药治疗后创面自行愈合;2例患者在MEBO换药治疗后,行Ⅱ期手术缝合处理,创面愈合;2例患者创面通过邻近皮瓣推进手术修复;2例糖尿病足并发足趾坏疽患者接受截趾手术,术后创面愈合良好;其余15例患者共行20次植皮手术后创面愈合。随访1年发现,所有植皮创面的皮下组织饱满均匀,部分愈后皮肤散在色素沉着,皮肤质地柔软,延展性好,无明显增生性瘢痕,无溃疡复发;2例皮肤溃疡恶变患者,愈合后分别随访1年和4年,均未见肿瘤复发。结论MEBT/MEBO可抑制定植致病菌、耐药菌生长,控制创面感染,促进创面愈合,使愈后创面更自然、美观,为慢性难愈性创面的治疗提供了可靠的治疗方法。     

寒冷干燥地区平时火器伤的早期处理

目的　探讨寒冷干燥地区平时火器伤伤情特点与早期救治方法。方法　对 1991年 1月— 2 0 0 2年 12月间 40例火器伤病人的临床救治进行回顾分析。结果　 2 4例枪伤中 ,2 0例一期缝合伤口 ,均一期愈合 ,另外 4例只清创未一期缝合的伤口 ,3例愈合 ,1例感染 ;4例骨折内固定均愈合良好 ,无骨髓炎发生。 16例炸伤病人局部软组织损伤及污染比枪弹伤重 ,14例一期缝合伤口中 ,10例一期愈合 ,4例感染 ,骨折内固定 2例 ,均愈合良好 ,无骨髓炎发生。结论　寒冷干燥地区火器伤早期伤道清创时限可适当延长 ,在平时火器伤的救治中 ,对软组织条件较好的创面 ,早期清创后可一期闭合伤口和骨折内固定 ,这样可减少感染和伤残 ,促进康复     

阴道下段闭锁的手术治疗

目的：探讨治疗阴道下段闭缩的手术方法与疗效。方法：分析总结1994-07～2004-12采用3种不同方法治疗17例阴道下段闭缩患者的疗效与随访结果。结果：采用阴道上段黏膜直接缝合法与小阴唇瓣法治疗的11例患者伤口均一期愈合，术后3个月～1年随访均未发生阴道下段狭窄；采用生物材料移植法治疗的6例，术后伤口经换药愈合，其中4例于术后3～6个月出现狭窄及不同程度的经血潴留，行二次手术治疗。结论：阴道上段黏膜直接缝合法与小阴唇瓣法是治疗不同程度阴道下段闭缩的良好方法，对严重阴道下段闭缩，生物材料移植法也不失为可以选择的治疗手段。     

胸骨正中切口两种缝合方法效果比较

目的对比胸骨正中切口两种不同缝合方法的差异性,探讨更好的胸骨正中切口缝合方法。方法选取2008年1月至2009年12月间在我院心脏外科经胸部正中切口手术的患者300例,随机分为全层间断缝合组和全层连续缝合组两组,观察两组患者的伤口疼痛情况、愈合情况及住院天数方面的差异。结果连续缝合组患者术后伤口疼痛明显轻于间断缝合组,甲级愈合率明显高于间断缝合组,住院天数明显少于间断缝合组（P〈0.05）。结论胸骨正中切口连续缝合有效地减轻了伤口疼痛、提高了甲级愈合率、减少了住院天数,增加了床位周转率,降低了住院费用,节约了医院资源。