Transplantation of magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in a swine myocardial infarction model

Background Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） transplantation provides a new approach for myocardial repair. However, many important fundamental questions about MSCs transplantation remain unanswered. There is an urgent need to identify MSCs from the beating heart and analyze the efficacy of this new approach. This study aimed to localize the magnetically labeled MSCs （MR-MSCs） and monitor the restorative effects of MR-MSCs with magnetic resonance （MR） imaging. Methods Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） was created in swine by a balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cells were delivered via intracoronary infusion after myocardial infarction. Infarct size change and cardiac function were assessed with 3.0T MR scanner. The results were then confirmed by histological and western blot analysis. All statistical procedures were performed with Systat （SPSS version 12.01）. Results A total of 26 swine were divided into four groups （sham-operated group, n=6; AMI group with PBS transplantation, n=6; labeled MSCs group, n=7; unlabeled MSCs group, n=7）. MSCs, MR-MSCs （10~cells） or PBS were delivered by intracoronary injection after MI and serial cardiac MR imaging studies were performed at 0, 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation. MR imaging demonstrated MI size decreased after MSCs transplantation in labeled and unlabeled groups, however, increases were seen in the AMI group at 8 weeks after MI. The left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） was slightly increased in the AMI group （（41.87~2.45）% vs （39.04~2.80）%, P 〉0.05）, but significantly improved in the MR-MSCs group （（56.85~1.29）% vs （40.67~2.00）%, P 〈0.05） and unlabeled group （（55.38~1.07）% vs （41.78~2.08）%, P 〈0.05） at 8 weeks after treatment. MR-MSCs were further confirmed by Prussian blue and immunofluorescent staining. Western blot analysis demonstrated that there was an increased expression of cardiomyocyte markers such as myosin heavy chain and troponin T in the MSCs trea     

超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子标记成肌细胞方法研究

目的:使用超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子(SPIO)对成肌细胞进行体外标记,探讨SPIO标记方法及SPIO对细胞的影响.方法: 常规方法进行成肌细胞培养,应用脂质体包被的SPIO标记成肌细胞,用光镜及电镜观察标记效率及对细胞增殖的影响,台盼蓝染色及JC-1观测SPIO对细胞活力的影响.结果: 普鲁士蓝染色证实了每个标记细胞胞质内有多少不等的蓝染铁颗粒,单纯SPIO标记有效率为50%,脂质体包被的SPIO标记有效率为100%,电镜也观测到细胞内的SPIO颗粒.SPIO标记对细胞无毒性,不影响细胞的增殖及活性.结论: 脂质体包被SPIO标记成肌细胞方法简单、高效、无毒,可用于磁共振对标记细胞进行活体内外无创动态示踪研究.     

超顺磁性葡聚糖氧化铁纳米颗粒的研制及表征

目的 制备葡聚糖包被的超顺磁氧化铁（SPIO）纳米粒子,并对其主要物理性质和磁学性质进行研究。探讨它作为磁共振造影剂的可能性。方法 通过共沉淀法获得SPIO纳米粒子,分别采用透射电镜和光子相关光谱仪测定其粒径大小,利用邻苯二氮菲比色法测定铁的浓度,同时用核磁共振仪测定弛豫率等参数。结果 X-射线衍射分析确定所制备的葡聚糖磁性粒子主要为Fe3O4晶体,粒子体均粒径为85．9nm,氧化铁核心大小为15nm左右,具有超顺磁性,其弛豫率和质量磁饱和度分别达到0．1567mmol／ms和80emu／gFe。结论 所制备的SPIO粒子稳定,其物理性质表明其具有作为磁共振造影剂的特性。     

应用超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子标记神经干细胞及活体磁共振示踪的实验研究

目的 探索超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子(SPIO)标记神经干细胞体的方法及其检测手段,研究标记细胞移植后在活体上磁共振信号的改变。方法 分离培养新生鼠皮层神经干细胞,使用SPIO和多聚赖氨酸联合标记神经干细胞;将标记后的神经干细胞移植入Wistar大鼠脑内,应用不同的扫描序列对脑内移植的神经干细胞进行示踪。结果 体外标记的神经干细胞普鲁士蓝染色见细胞浆内有许多蓝染的铁颗粒,电镜检查表明SPIO颗粒存在于标记细胞的吞饮小泡及细胞基质内,标记后的细胞可正常分化。脑内移植的标记细胞在磁共振上呈明显的低信号改变,以GREE序列信号改变最为明显。结论 超顺磁性氧化铁粒子可以用来标记神经干细胞,且对细胞增殖、分化无影响,SPIO颗粒存在于标记细胞的吞饮小泡及细胞基质内。标记后体内移植的神经干细胞可以在MR上产生明显的低信号改变。     

体外纳米磁标记骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性及其MR成像

目的 研究超顺磁性氧化铁粒子(superparamagnetic iron oxide particles,SPIO)体外标记兔骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)及MR细胞成像示踪可行性.方法 从兔骨髓中分离培养MSCs,体外不同浓度SPIO联合硫酸鱼精蛋白标记,未标记细胞设为对照组.普鲁士蓝染色和电镜检查鉴定细胞内铁颗粒,台盼蓝染色检测细胞存活,MTF法测定细胞生长曲线的变化,磁标记MSCs转入成骨、成脂肪培养基中进行诱导培养后进行鉴定,应用1.5T MR梯度回波T2加权(GRE T2 *WI)扫描序列和自旋回波T2加权(SE T2WI)扫描序列对磁标记细胞成像示踪.结果 普鲁士蓝染色和电镜检查显示细胞质内含致密铁颗粒,磁标记对MSCs活性和增殖无统计学差异(P<0.05),标记细胞可正常成骨、成脂肪分化.GRE T2*WI序列和SE T2WI序列提示与未标记细胞信号强度(sI)相比,1×106(标记细胞)、5×105(标记细胞)SI均显著性下降(P<0.05),其中GRE T2*WI的信号强度衰减率(△SI)显著高于T2WI序列(P<0.05).在2个序列中1×106(标记细胞)△SI均高于5×105(标记细胞)△SI,但不具有显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 SPIO联合硫酸鱼精蛋白转染剂能成功标记MSCs,磁标记对细胞存活、增殖及潜在多向分化能力无影响.磁标记细胞在MR上产生特征性的低信号改变.应用1.5T MR成像示踪标记细胞可行,以GRE T2*WI序列成像最为敏感.     

USPIO和GoldMag磁共振成像信号特点的实验研究

目的通过对不同浓度超小超顺磁性氧化铁(ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide,USPIO)和金磁微粒(GoldMag-Coreshell,GoldMag)行不同序列MR成像,对比分析其信号特点,探讨合适的MRI检查方法。方法以磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)为稀释剂将USPIO和GoldMag分别稀释为0.5～1 000μg/ml的47个不同的浓度,以PBS液为对照,共获得48个浓度,行FSE T1WI、FSE T2WI和GRE T2*WI磁共振成像。观察不同浓度USPIO和GoldMag在3种序列中的信号强度变化规律,计算信号强度变化比率,绘制浓度-信号强度曲线图。结果GoldMag与USPIO的MRI信号变化规律基本一致,随浓度增加,FSE T1WI信号强度呈升高趋势,FSE T2WI信号强度略有下降,GRE T2*WI信号强度明显降低。不同成像序列两种对比剂信号强度比较,在FSE T1WI,浓度高于30μg/ml时信号强度有显著性差异(P<0.05);在FSE T2WI,浓度为40～90μg/ml时信号强度有显著性差异(P<0.05);在GRE T2*WI,两种对比剂信号...     

超顺磁性氧化铁标记的骨髓单个核细胞在急性心肌梗死环境中的分化研究

目的 初步探讨超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒(SPIOs)标记的猪骨髓单个核细胞(BM-MNCs)在急性心梗环境中向心肌样细胞分化的能力.方法 分离培养猪BM-MNCs,SPIOs标记,制备猪急性心梗模型,1周后经冠状动脉植入SPIOs标记的BM-MNCs,4周后行MILI示踪定位,心肌组织切片,利用Prussian blue染色、免疫组化、透视电镜及病理图文分析系统对标记细胞的分化行为进行研究.结果 4周后实验组心肌梗死周边区MRI可检测到点片状模糊低信号区(T2WI),Prussian blue染色及透视电镜显示胞浆中舍有铁粒子,免疫组化提示标记细胞结蛋白(Desmin)、肌球蛋白重链(MHC)表达阳性,同时CD68表达阴性,病理图文定量分析显示实验组梗死周边区结蛋白、肌球蛋白重链表达较对照组有所增加,差别具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 SPIOs标记的BM-MNCs在急性心梗环境中仍具备向心肌样细胞分化的能力.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> targeted magnetic delivery and tracking of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles labeled stem cells for articular cartilage defect repair

To assess a novel cell manipulation technique of tissue engineering with respect to its ability to augment superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) density at a localized cartilage defect site in an in vitro phantom by applying magnetic force. Meanwhile, non-invasive imaging techniques were use to track SPIO-labeled MSCs by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Human bone marrow MSCs were cultured and labeled with SPIO. Fresh degenerated human osteochondral fragments were obtained during total knee arthroplasty and a cartilage defect was created at the center. Then, the osteochondral fragments were attached to the sidewalls of culture flasks filled with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to mimic the human joint cavity. The SPIO-labeled MSCs were injected into the culture flasks in the presence of a 0.57 Tesla (T) magnetic force. Before and 90 min after cell targeting, the specimens underwent T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (SET2WI) sequence of 3.0 T MRI. MRI results were compared with histological findings. Macroscopic observation showed that SPIO-labeled MSCs were steered to the target region of cartilage defect. MRI revealed significant changes in signal intensity (P<0.01). HE staining exibited that a great number of MSCs formed a three-dimensional (3D) cell "sheet" structure at the chondral defect site. It was concluded that 0.57 T magnetic force permits spatial delivery of magnetically labeled MSCs to the target region in vitro. High-field MRI can serve as an very sensitive non-invasive technique for the visualization of SPIO-labeled MSCs.     

磁共振成像对干细胞移植后梗死心肌灌注的评价

目的:应用磁共振成像(MR)评价移植骨髓间质干细胞对梗死区心肌和血管再生的改变情况.方法:抽取香猪骨髓,体外分离骨髓间质干细胞,经5-氮胞苷(5-aza)转化.结扎香猪冠状动脉左前降支,经冠状动脉左前降支和梗死区注射骨髓间质干细胞;对照组注射培养液.3周和6周后,采用TurboFLASH序列行MR首过灌注及延迟成像扫描,绘制左心室各壁心肌信号强度-时间曲线,分析病变心肌信号-时间曲线特点.结果:对照组首过不强化,延迟扫描信号强度高于正常心肌,曲线上升时间、上升斜率、峰值时间和对比增强率明显低于正常心肌,峰值信号强度仅为正常心肌的(52.5±11.0)%.干细胞移植组首过及延迟均强化,延迟扫描时病变心肌信号强度高于正常心肌,信号强度-时间曲线仅曲线上升时间延长,峰值信号强度可达正常心肌(90.5±9.2)%.结论:MR扫描灌注及延迟成像扫描安全无创,结果准确可靠,能直接反映干细胞移植后心肌再生及血流再灌注的情况.     

干细胞的磁性标记及肝内活体磁共振示踪

目的:探讨超顺磁性氧化铁(SPIO)标记骨髓干细胞的方法和标记细胞在肝脏内的磁共振活体成像特点和衰减规律.方法:分离培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞,用SPIO标记细胞并在超声引导下局部注入兔肝脏内,然后经磁共振T1WI, T2WI和FFE序列进行移植细胞团的成像示踪.结果:体外标记的骨髓干细胞见黑色铁颗粒位于细胞胞质内,标记后细胞的生长曲线与正常细胞一致. 标记的移植细胞团在肝内T1WI, T2WI和FFE序列上均呈低信号,以FFE图像信号减低最为明显并有面积增大效应. 标记细胞的信号减低区在T1WI, T2WI和FFE序列图像上分别至注射后30, 30 和45 d仍和注射前信号差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),并分别持续至注射后38, 38 和60 d低信号才消失.结论:SPIO可以简便、有效地标记骨髓干细胞,且对细胞的活性没有影响;MRI可对标记后的移植细胞进行活体内示踪,并可长期动态观察,这对进一步的实验研究和疗效观察研究具有重要意义.     

Specific targeting of angiogenesis in lung cancer with RGD-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles using a 4.7T magnetic resonance scanner

Background Angiogenesis is an essential step for tumor development and metastasis. The cell adhesion molecule αvβ3 integrin plays an important role in angiogenesis and is a specific marker of tumor angiogenesis. A novel αvβ3 integrin-targeted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent utilizing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) (referred to as RGD-USPIO) was designed and its uptake by endothelial cells was assessed both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the angiogenic profile of lung cancer.

Methods USPIO were coated with ?NH3+ and conjugated with RGD peptides. Prussian blue staining was performed to evaluate the specific uptake of RGD-USPIO by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Targeted uptake and subcellular localization of RGD-USPIO in HUVECs were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ability of RGD-USPIO to noninvasively assess αvβ3 integrin positive vessels in lung adenocarcinoma A549 tumor xenografts was evaluated with a 4.7T MR scanner. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect αvβ3 integrin expression and vessel distribution in A549 tumor xenografts.

Results HUVECs internalized RGD-USPIO significantly more than plain USPIO. The uptake of RGD-USPIO by HUVECs could be competitively inhibited by addition of free RGD. A significant decrease in T2 signal intensity (SI) was observed at the periphery of A549 tumor xenografts at 30 minutes (P <0.05) and 2 hours (P <0.01) after RGD-USPIO was injected via the tail vein. Angiogenic blood vessels were mainly distributed in the periphery of tumor xenografts with positive αvβ3 integrin expression.

Conclusions RGD-USPIO could specifically label αvβ3 integrin and be taken up by HUVECs. This molecular MR imaging contrast agent can specifically evaluate the angiogenic profile of lung cancer using a 4.7T MR scanner.

     

SPIO标记大鼠骨髓基质干细胞及体外磁共振成像研究

目的 探讨以多聚赖氨酸(poly-L-lysine,PLL)为转染介质介导超顺磁性氧化铁微粒(superparamgnetic ironoxides,SPIO)标记大鼠骨髓基质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)的合适条件,通过标记细胞的体外磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)获取最佳的磁共振扫描序列.方法 分离、纯化、培养大鼠BMSCs,SPIO和PLL以1:0.001 2混合配制氧化铁一多聚赖氨酸(F-PLL)混合液,用铁浓度分别为0、4.2、8.4、21、42、84μg/ml的FE-PLL复合物标记BMSCs.计算细胞标记阳性率,测量并绘制末标记细胞和不nd浓度铁标记细胞的MTT生长曲线;对不同浓度铁标记的细胞进行磁共振成像.分别用浓度为0、0.05、0.25、0.5、1.0、5.0 μg/ml的PLL同BMSCs共同培养,了解各种浓度PLL对细胞的生存是否有影响.结果 细胞的标记率分别为O%、(44.40±11.33)%、(71.97 4±8.01)%、(88.86±9.10)%、(98.24±2.94)%、100%,随着SPIO浓度的增加而增加.MTT显示在铁浓度＜42 μg/ml时FE-PLL上复合物对细胞的生长活性无明显影响,而铁浓度为84μg/ml时,细胞的生长活性受到抑制.PLL在浓度≤1.0μg/ml时对细胞的活力无明显影响;当PLL浓度为5.0μg/ml时,细胞生长明显受抑.MRI信号随FE-PLL复合物浓度的增加而增加(P＜0.05),标记细胞的信号在T1WI的改变不及在T2WI及T2*WI明显,而以T2*WI信号改变最明显(P＜0.05).结论 以PLL为转染介质,SPIO能够高效的标记BMSCs,并且在合适的浓度范围内不会影响干细胞的生长活性.     

小鼠胚胎干细胞磁标记共振成像的研究

目的 应用超顺磁氧化铁（SPIO）标记小鼠胚胎干细胞（ESC）,并行磁共振成像,为心肌细胞移植体内示踪作初步准备。方法 小鼠ESC及其分化的心肌细胞与SPIO孵育后行电镜分析、细胞内铁含量测定、[Ca^2＋]共聚焦测定和MR成像。结果 铁颗粒分布在胞质吞饮小泡内;使用转染技术的铁摄取高于未使用组;T2WI和T2^＊ WI扫描序列均见标记细胞呈信号下降,程度随标记浓度的增加而增强;T2^＊ WI图像信号强度变化更大。标记心肌细胞在T2^＊ WI序列也呈显著的低信号改变。结论 SPIO可有效标记ESC及其分化的心肌细胞,对细胞活性和分化能力无明显影响。常规1．5TMR仪可进行标记细胞成像。     

超顺磁性氧化铁标记骨髓间充质干细胞治疗大鼠脑卒中的磁共振活体追踪

目的探索利用磁共振技术活体追踪干细胞的可行性以及干细胞对卒中大鼠脑梗死体积的影响。方法采集大鼠后肢股骨和胫骨骨髓,采用密度梯度离心法分离并培养骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)。利用超顺磁性氧化铁和多聚左旋赖氨酸的混合物标记BMSCs,普鲁士蓝染色检测标记率。线栓法建立18只大鼠脑缺血2h再灌注动物模型,分为缺血对侧BMSCs移植组(细胞数1.5×105/15μl)、缺血同侧纹状体移植组(细胞数1.5×105/15μl)和对照组(15μlD-Hanks液)3组,每组6只。分别在脑缺血后第1天、细胞移植后第1天及第14天进行磁共振扫描,对各时间点梗死体积的变化进行统计学分析。结果超顺磁性氧化铁对BMSCs的标记率为96%。磁共振追踪显示移植后第14天缺血同侧移植组BMSCs向缺血灶边缘迁移,缺血对侧移植组BMSCs沿胼胝体弥散,但是3组之间的脑梗死体积变化差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论超顺磁性氧化铁对干细胞标记率高,磁共振活体追踪有利于了解干细胞移植后的存活和迁移。BMSCs脑内移植对于卒中大鼠脑梗死体积的影响无统计学意义。     

Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles for magnetic resonance molecular imaging of lung cancer cells in vitro

Background  Magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging can detect abnormalities associated with disease at the level of cell and molecule. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the development of lung cancer. This study aimed to explore new MR molecular imaging targeting of the EGFR on lung cancer cells.

Methods  We attached ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles to cetuximab (C225) anti-human IgG using the carbodiimide method. We made the molecular MR contrast agents C225-USPIO and IgG-USPIO, the latter as a control reagent, and determined concentrations according to the Fe content. Lung cancer A549 cells were cultured and immunocytochemistry (SP) was used to detect the expression of EGFR on cells. We detected the binding rate of C225-USPIO to A549 cells with immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. We cultured A549 cells with C225-USPIO at a Fe concentration of 50 μg/ml and assayed the binding of C225-USPIO after 1 hour with Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We determined the effects on imaging of the contrast agent targeted to cells using a 4.7T MRI. We did scanning on the cells labeled with C225-USPIO, IgG-USPIO, and distilled water, respectively. The scanning sequences included axial T1WI, T2WI.

Results  Immunocytochemical detection of lung cancer A549 cells found them positive for EGFR expression. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry after cultivation with different concentrations of C225-USPIO showed the binding rate higher than the control. Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed that in the C225-USPIO contrast agent group of cells the particle content of Fe in cytoplasmic vesicles or on surface was more than that in the control group. The 4.7T MR imaging (MRI) scan revealed the T2WI signal in the C225-USPIO group of cells decreased significantly more than in unlabeled cells, but there was no significant difference between the time gradients.

Conclusions  We successfully constructed the molecular imaging agent C225-USPIO targeting the EGFR of A549 lung cancer cells. The imaging agent showed good targeting effect and specificity, and reduced MRI T2 value significantly, thus such molecular contrast agents could provide a new way to measure EGFR levels.

     

装载壳聚糖修饰氧化铁的聚酰胺-胺类树状分子纳米粒的制备、表征及体外MR显像

目的 制备装载壳聚糖修饰氧化铁的聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)纳米粒(磁性PAMAM纳米粒),并对其理化性质进行表征,观察其体外MR显像效果.方法 以壳聚糖修饰氧化铁和PAMAM-COOH为原料,采用单乳化法制备磁性PAMAM纳米粒.以激光共聚焦扫描显微镜及透射电镜观察其表面及内部结构;Malvern激光分析仪测量其粒径大小、分布及表面电位;X射线粉末衍射仪分析其内部物象结构;原子吸收光谱法测量样品中Fe的浓度;热重分析法分析其内装载的Fe3O4的量.将稀释到不同浓度的磁性PAMAM纳米粒分别置于Eppendof管中,行MR扫描.结果 所得样品为棕褐色混悬液,大小均匀,粒径为(183.26±41.39)nm,多分散指数为0.012,粒径分布较窄;Zeta电位为(-46.24±4.36)mV;透射电镜和射线粉末衍射法证实其内包裹大量Fe3O4颗粒;原子吸收光谱法计算得Fe3O4的包封率为41.2％,Fe3O4的负载量为1.048％.体外MR显像显示,所得样品能使T2*信号强度降低,且样本中Fe浓度越大,其信号强度越低.结论 制备所得磁性PAMAM纳米粒粒径小、分布窄,能有效降低T2*信号强度,为构建潜在多功能MRI分子探针奠定了基础.     

大鼠骨髓源神经干细胞的Sinerem体外标记及磁共振成像研究

目的 应用超小超顺磁性氧化铁(USPIO)Sinerem和转染试剂多聚赖氨酸(PLL)复合物标记大鼠骨髓源神经干细胞,初步评价磁共振成像活体示踪Sinerem标记干细胞的可行性.方法 分离SD大鼠骨髓基质干细胞,体外培养诱导成骨髓源神经干细胞.将制备的Sinerem-PLL复合物以浓度Sinerem 200μg/ml和干细胞共孵育培养过夜.采用普鲁士蓝染色和透射电镜确定细胞内铁的摄取、定位情况;并对细胞增殖、凋亡检测评价.体内外以SE序列T2WI与T2*WI行4.7T磁共振干细胞成像.结果 该方法标记干细胞效率为95%以上,普鲁士蓝染色显示铁颗粒存在胞质中,电镜显示铁颗粒集中于内涵体和溶酶体中;该浓度时Sinerem对细胞的活性影响与未标记细胞相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).标记后细胞体内外的T2WI与T2*WI信号强度明显降低.结论 利用Sinerem对比剂经PLL介导标记骨髓源神经干细胞高效易行,磁共振可用于活体示踪神经干细胞.     

Ferumoxide标记Flk1＋＋CD31＋-CD34-人骨髓间充质干细胞及其在食蟹猴脑内移植示踪观察

目的探讨Ferumoxide-PLL标记Flk1 CD31-CD34-人骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSC)的方法及其在食蟹猴脑实质内移植活体示踪的可行性。方法采用Ferumoxide-PLL标记hBMSC,台盼蓝染色、普鲁士蓝染色和透射电镜扫描鉴定标记效率及细胞活力。体外磁共振成像(MRI)分别扫描标记和未标记细胞,计算T2*的弛豫时间和弛豫率(R2*)变化。通过立体定向手术将标记的hBMSC移植入食蟹猴右侧基底节区,采用MRI扫描活体示踪细胞。采用免疫组织化学、普鲁士蓝和HE染色对脑组织切片进行干细胞存活、分化及病理学研究。结果Ferumoxide-PLL标记hBMSC效率为96%,普鲁士蓝染色、电镜可显示标记hBMSC细胞质内铁颗粒。1×106和5×105两组Ferumoxide-PLL标记细胞的T2*的弛豫时间分别为68.86和79.88ms,而未标记细胞分别为12.71和15.24ms。标记细胞的R2*分别为78.68和65.61/s,分别是未标记细胞(14.52和12.52/s)的5.4和5.2倍。移植后3周MRI扫描T2WI仍可发现hBMSC呈明显的低信号。病理及免疫荧光结果显示hBMSCs在移植区大量存活,移植区有大量新生血管,但未见hBMSC向神经细胞分化。结论Ferumoxide-PLL可高效标记hBMSC,能显著增加其MRI图像对比度。MRI可活体示踪干细胞。移植入食蟹猴脑内的hBMSC可大量存活并促进新生血管形成。     

SPIO纳米药物载体联合碘化油经肝动脉栓塞治疗兔VX2肝癌

目的：评价超顺磁性氧化铁(superparamagnetic iron oxide, SPIO)纳米药物载体联合碘化油(lipiodol,LIP) 经肝动脉栓塞治疗兔VX2肝癌的可行性及效果。方法：新西兰大白兔24只,肝内种植VX2瘤组织制作VX2肝癌模型, 将荷瘤兔随机分为阿霉素(DOX)组、DOX-LIP组、SPIO-DOX组、SPIO-DOX-LIP组共4组,每组6只,行肝动脉栓塞 治疗。于术前以及术后1,3,5,7 d检测血清ALT和AST水平;术后0,5,15,30,60,120 min检测血清DOX浓度; 术后7 d行MRI及CT扫描观察SPIO及LIP在肝组织及其肿瘤中的分布和沉积情况;术后7 d取肝及其肿瘤组织检测组织 DOX浓度,同时行病理学检查,包括HE染色、普鲁士兰染色及TUNEL染色,计算肿瘤坏死率和凋亡指数。结果： 与DOX组相比,其他3组术后1和3 d血清AST和ALT水平均明显升高(P<0.05);术后7 d DOX组、DOX-LIP组和SPIODOX- LIP组血清AST和ALT水平恢复至术前水平,3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SPIO-DOX-LIP组术后120 min内 各时间点的血清DOX浓度均明显低于其他3组(P<0.05);SPIO-DOX-LIP组术后7 d肿瘤组织DOX浓度明显高于其他3组 (P<0.05)。术后7 d T2加权像(T2WI)示SPIO-DOX组和SPIO-DOX-LIP组肿瘤信号降低,CT示DOX-LIP组和SPIO-DOX-LIP 组肿瘤区域LIP沉积。术后7 d病理结果示SPIO-DOX-LIP组肿瘤中心大部分区域凝固性坏死,肿瘤坏死率和凋亡指数均 高于其他3组(P<0.05)。结论：SPIO纳米药物载体联合LIP是一种安全、可行的化学治疗栓塞体系,具有良好的MRI和 CT可视性,可提高兔VX2肝癌的化学药物栓塞治疗的效果。     

Progress in the treatment of myocardial infarction with stem cells transplantation

1Introduction Myocardialinfarctionisischemicmyocardial necrosisresultedfromabruptreductionincoronary bloodflowtoasegmentofmyocardium.Myocardial infarctioncaninducecardiacremoldingandresultin heartfailure.Generalmethodsincludingthrombolytic therapy,PTCA,CABGandTMGcanonlyredredge theobturatlybloodvessel,improvemyocardialis chemiaandsavecardiacmuscleclosingtoputres cence,buttheycannotregeneratenecroticcardiac muscle.Thelong datedprognosisisnotgood.Heart transplantationisprobablythebestaltern…