重型颅脑创伤后脑疝伴失血性休克救治策略

Objective To explore emergency treatment strategies for the patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe traumatic brain injury and their effect on prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 54 patients (study group) with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock treated with selective treatment strategies from May 2006 to May 2009. Another 48 patients with the same injuries treated with no selective treatment strategies from April 2003 to April 2006 were used as control group. The mortality within one week and the GOS six months after injury were compared in two groups. Results There was no statistical difference in aspects of sex, age, injury mechanism, GCS and blood loss in both groups (P＞0.05). Thirteen patients died in the study group within the first week, with mortality rate of 24.1%. While 16 patients died in the control group at the first week, with mortality rate of 33.3% (P＜0.05). GOS half year after injury in the study group was better than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Early selective treatment strategy based on degree of shock may obtain better outcome for patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑创伤后脑疝伴失血性休克救治策略

Objective To explore emergency treatment strategies for the patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe traumatic brain injury and their effect on prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 54 patients (study group) with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock treated with selective treatment strategies from May 2006 to May 2009. Another 48 patients with the same injuries treated with no selective treatment strategies from April 2003 to April 2006 were used as control group. The mortality within one week and the GOS six months after injury were compared in two groups. Results There was no statistical difference in aspects of sex, age, injury mechanism, GCS and blood loss in both groups (P＞0.05). Thirteen patients died in the study group within the first week, with mortality rate of 24.1%. While 16 patients died in the control group at the first week, with mortality rate of 33.3% (P＜0.05). GOS half year after injury in the study group was better than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Early selective treatment strategy based on degree of shock may obtain better outcome for patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe brain injury.     

盐酸肾上腺素在骨水泥型髋关节置换术中预防骨水泥植入综合征发生的作用

Objective To investigate the clinical application of epinephrine hydrochloride in the prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome in the cemented hip replacement. Methods The clinical data of 48 patients treated with cemented hip replacement from July 2008 to April 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into control group and intervention group. The bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the control group were not pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement; the bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the intervention group were pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR)and pulse oxygen saturation ( SPO2 ) were compared between the two groups before bone cement implantation and 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 minutes after bone cement implantation. The data were analyzed with variance analysis and Q test. Results (1) In the control group: the blood pressure was decreased in control group one minute after bone cement implantation and a significant decrease of the blood pressure was observed at 2-6 minutes after the implantation ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The blood pressure was increased seven minutes after the implantation, with the most significant increase of DBP ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The blood pressure recovered to normal 10 minutes later. The SPO2 was decreased significantly ( P ＜0.05 ) but no significant change was observed in HR ( P ＞ 0.05). (2) In the intervention group: the bone marrow cavity was pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement.ity. No significant difference was found in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and SPO2 at different time points before and after bone cement implantation (P ＞0.05 ). Significant decrease of blood pressure and SPO2 was observed in control group and a significant hemodynamic change was detected at 2-6 minutes after the bone cement implantation. In the intervention group, no hemodynamic change was found in all the patients except that one patient was found with decrease of blood pressure and another one with the occasional premature ventricular contractions. Conclusion Pretreatment of bone marrow cavity with saline epinephrine hydrochloride can effectively prevent bone cement implantation syndrome.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.     

谷氨酰胺在严重烧伤病人肠内营养中的作用及对预后的影响

目的：探讨谷氨酰胺（Gln）在严重烧伤病人肠内营养支持中的作用及对其预后的影响。方法：对2002年1月～2005年1月,收治的32例严重烧伤病人于伤后即刻口服Gln,同时投以肠内营养,并与常规治疗组对照。结果：①治疗组供皮区、深浅Ⅱ度创面及全身创面愈合时间较常规组缩短（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;②治疗组脓毒症等并发症的发生率低于常规组（P〈0．05）;③常规组的淋巴细胞数、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白较治疗组下降明显（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：Gln可提高严重烧伤病人肠内营养的利用率,提高严重烧伤病人的抢救成功率,缩短创面愈合时间,降低并发症的发生率。     

肠内营养管理对高压氧治疗颅脑损伤患者消化道并发症的疗效

目的 探讨高压氧治疗中重型颅脑损伤患者实施早期肠内营养及高压氧治疗期间调整管饲液配方预防上消化道出血、肠胀气的效果.方法 中重型颅脑损伤伴昏迷患者分成观察组和对照组,各31例,观察组应用适宜营养制剂行早期肠内营养,在高压氧治疗期间应用自制管饲液行肠内喂养;对照组早期行静脉营养,高压氧治疗期间选用市售能全力制剂.观察上消化道出血、肠胀气发生率.结果 高压氧治疗前观察组发生上消化道出血2例(6.5%),对照组8例(25.8%);高压氧治疗时观察组发生肠胀气3例(9.7%),对照组10例(33.0%).2组比较,上消化道出血与肠胀气发生率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 适宜营养制剂进行早期肠内营养,可以减少颅脑损伤患者上消化道出血,利于患者进行早期高压氧治疗;在高压氧治疗期间自制管饲液可以减少高压氧治疗时的肠胀气发生率,减轻胃肠不适,利于康复.     

早期肠道内营养在重型脑外伤治疗中的作用

目的　研究早期肠道内营养 (EN)在重型脑外伤患者治疗过程中的作用。方法　对 30例重型脑外伤患者行早期肠道内营养 ,取同期的 30例重型脑外伤患者行早期肠道外营养 (PN) ,并动态观察其白蛋白、淋巴细胞数 (LC)、谷草转氨酶 (ALT)、血糖、颅内压 (ICP)、哥拉斯哥评分 (GCS)、体重、应激性溃疡发病率等变化。结果　伤后 10天 ,EN组与PN组的白蛋白、LC、ICP、体重无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但伤后 10天 ,EN组ALT低于PN组 ,分别为 (35± 4.8)u/L ,(38± 4.2 )u/L ,(P <0 .0 5 ) ;EN组血糖也低于PN组 ,分别为 (8.4± 3.4)mmol/L ,(10 .3± 3 .6 )mmol/L ,(P <0 .0 5 ) ;EN组GCS评分高于PN组 ,分别为 (10 .6± 2 .7)分 ,(8.9±2 .6 )分 ,(P <0 .0 5 )分 ;EN组应激性溃疡发病率低于PN组 ,分别为 10 %和 33 .3% (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　早期肠道内营养与肠道外营养具有同样的营养价值 ,但在调节内脏功能、降低血糖、保护肝脏、降低应激性溃疡的发病率、促进神经功能恢复等方面明显优于肠道外营养     

高压氧治疗对重型颅脑损伤的临床、脑电地形图和CT的影响

目的 探讨高压氧(HBO)治疗对重型颅脑损伤(SBI)患者的临床、脑电地形图(BEAM)及CT的影响.方法 选择符合SBI的住院患者46例,分为HBO组和对照组.对照组采用普通外科治疗,HBO组在普通外科治疗基础上应用HBO治疗.所有患者在HBO治疗前1～2 d、治疗第1个疗程及第3个疗程后进行格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS),同时进行CT和BEAM检查.伤后6个月进行格拉斯哥昏迷结果分级(GOS).结果 HBO组与对照组治疗后第1个疗程和第3个疗程GCS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01,P＜0.01);HBO组与对照组良好率(GOSⅤ+GOSⅣ)与植物生存和死亡率(GOSⅡ+GOSⅠ)指标差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);HBO组与对照组第1个疗程和第3个疗程BEAM异常率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.05);治疗后2组BEAM和CT异常率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05,P＞0.05).但3例脑干损伤和1例脑挫裂伤患者CT与BEAM异常情况不符合,而BEAM异常情况符合临床.结论 HBO可提高SBI的治愈率,降低残死率;BEAM可能有助于发现CT正常但有临床异常表现的患者.     

高压氧治疗对中重型颅脑损伤患者脑血流动力学和动态脑电图的影响及疗效分析

目的 观察高压氧(HBO)治疗对外伤性中重型颅脑损伤患者脑血流动力学和动态脑电图(AEEG)的影响及其治疗效果。方法 142例外伤性中重型颅脑损伤患者分为常规治疗组（71例）和HBO+常规治疗组（71例）,常规治疗组采用必要的神经外科处理及常规药物治疗;HBO组+常规治疗组在常规治疗的基础上,病情稳定后加用HBO治疗3个疗程。另选30名健康体检者作为正常对照组。治疗前及治疗后第10天、第30天行经颅多普勒(TCD)检查,治疗前、治疗后第30天行动态脑电图（ambulatory electroencephalogram,AEEG）检查及格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS),伤后6个月随访,行格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)。结果 治疗前常规治疗组与HBO+常规治疗组收缩期峰血流速度（Vs）、舒张期末血流速度（Vd）、平均血流速度(Vm)、搏动指数(PI)、脑血管阻力指数（RI）均明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),AEEG异常率分别为94.4％、95.8％。治疗后第10天,常规治疗组Vs、Vm、PI、RI较治疗前下降(P＜0.05),较正常对照组仍升高(P＜0.05);HBO+常规治疗组Vs、Vm、PI、RI与常规治疗组比较下降更为明显(P＜0.05),Vs、Vm、PI仍高于正常对照组(P＜0.05)。治疗后第30天,常规治疗组Vs、Vm降至低于正常组(P＜0.05),PI、RI仍高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);HBO+常规治疗组Vs、Vm、Vd、PI、RI与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。治疗后第30天2组AEEG异常率较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.05）,GCS较治疗前明显升高(P＜0.05),且HBO+常规治疗组与常规治疗组比较两者改善更为明显(P＜0.05);伤后6个月GOS评分显示,HBO+常规治疗组预后良好患者较常规治疗组明显增多,死亡率明显下降(P＜0.05)。结论 HBO治疗能缓解中重型颅脑损伤患者的脑血管痉挛,调节脑血流,并改善神经元细胞的电生理活动和功能,从而提高临床疗效。     

早期肠内、外联合营养对食管癌术后的疗效

 

目的 探讨早期肠内、外联合营养对食管癌术后的疗效。方法 随机选取我院胸外一科2016-04至2017-04收治的食管癌183例,将患者按照是否进行早期肠内、外联合营养分成两组,其中受试组91例和对照组92例。对受试组患者进行早期肠内、外联合营养,对照组常规肠外营养至7 d后逐渐恢复饮食。分别在术前、术后3 d、术后7 d应用欧洲营养风险筛查量表(nutritionalrisk screening 2002,NRS2002)、CHristensens 法测评疲劳指数、前白蛋白、血浆白蛋白、血红蛋白评估临床疗效。结果 两组患者营养风险筛查量表、疲劳指数及营养状况对比受试组与对照组临床疗效,术后3 d、7 d检测发现,受试组的营养风险评估分数小于3分患者分别为24例(26.37%)、35例(38.46%),均多于对照组22例(23.91%)、24例(26.09%); 在手术后3 d及7 d,受试组的疲劳指数(6.21±0.37、3.37±0.63)均低于对照组(7.36±0.52、6.81±0.29),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在术后7 d,受试组前白蛋白、血浆白蛋白平均值分别均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 早期肠内、外营养可降低患者的营养风险指数和降低食管癌术后的疲劳指数。值得进一步改善及推广。

     

生长激素加早期肠内营养对重度脑损伤患者术后营养状况及并发症的影响

 目的 探讨生长激素(growth hormone,GH)加早期肠内营养对重度脑损伤患者术后营养状况及并发症的影响.方法 将66例患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,每组33例.治疗组术后第2天开始肠内营养(enteral nutrition ,EN)支持,同时每天联合应用GH,连用2周.对照组术后第2天开始胃肠外营养(parenteral nutrition ,PN)支持,测定手术当天和第14、21天的多项营养指标,并观察两组的临床疗效和并发症.结果 治疗组血清前清蛋白、转铁蛋白、清蛋白均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),肺部感染、应激性溃疡和电解质紊乱发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05),平均入住ICU时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05).结论 生长激素联合早期肠内营养,不但可迅速改善重度脑损伤患者术后的营养状况,减少并发症,而且可缩短入住ICU的时间.     

脑伤患者间接测热法与传统计算法能量消耗比较

目的分别比较不同程度脑伤患者用间接测热法和传统计算法评估能量消耗值有何差异。方法选择2010年1月～2011年11月入住我院ICU的脑伤患者,经遴选后最终入组55例,根据格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)分成GCS≤(27例)和GCS≥9分(28例)两组,并分别用间接测热法测量能量消耗(MREE),Harris-Benedict(简称HB)公式、HB值×体温系数×应激系数(简称HB系数法)及FAO/WHO/UNU公式(世界粮农组织、世界卫生组织、联合国大学的专家推荐)计算能量消耗值(PREE),并加以比较。结果两组之间用HB公式、FAO/WHO/UNU、HB系数法测量后能量消耗值比较无差异(P>0.05),MREE比较均有统计意义(P<0.05)。GCS≤8分组PREE比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GCS≥9分组用HB公式法测得的能量消耗值与MREE比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),而用FAO/WHO/UNU法、HB系数法测得的能量消耗值与MREE与MREE比较有统计学意义(P>0.05)。将两组分别与MREE做相关性分析,GCS≤8分组与MREE有相关性(P=0.024,r=0.434),GCS≥9分组与MREE无相关性(P=0.96)。结论不同程度脑伤后,能量消耗值变化大,利用各种公式法推算能量消耗可能会有偏差,尤其是重度脑伤患者,用间接测热法会更准确测定个体能量代谢。     

空肠营养在急性重症胰腺炎治疗中的效果评估

目的评估在急性重症胰腺炎的治疗中应用空肠营养的效果。方法选择2001年12月～2008年12月收治的急性重症胰腺炎患者共31例为对照组,给予常规治疗;选择2008年12月～2013年12月收治的急性重症胰腺炎的患者共31例作为观察组,在常规治疗基础上加用空肠营养,比较两组治疗过程中的营养指标等好转情况以及不良反应的发生情况。结果经治疗2 w后,两组营养指标均有所好转,但观察组的好转情况明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）,且观察组的胃肠道功能、血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶恢复至正常的时间以及住院总时间明显短于对照组（P〈0.05）。两组治疗过程中均无明显严重并发症发生,所有患者均痊愈出院。结论空肠营养治疗急性重症胰腺炎的安全性好,操作难度小,所需营养液的配制简单,可有效增加患者症状改善速度,明显缩短住院时间,减少医疗费用,患者易于接受,值得临床推广。     

补锌对缺锌大鼠烧伤后肠道细菌移位及毒血症的影响

目的:探讨补锌对大鼠烧伤后肠道细菌移位及毒血症的影响。方法:90只SD大鼠进食低锌饲料(含锌量:1.6ug·g-1)1周,造成缺锌模型,并随机分为正常对照组(A)、烧伤对照组(B)、烧伤治疗组(C)。B组和C组造成20%总体表面积Ⅲ度烧伤。B组伤后继续进食低锌饲料,C组伤后进食正常含锌饲料(含锌量:24.7ug·g-1)。采用甲基-3H胸腺嘧啶核苷([3H]-TdR)标记致病大肠杆菌,在烧伤前注人大鼠的胃肠道。在不同的时象点,检测血浆内毒素(LPS)含量、血和肝的3H放射活性。结果:(1)B、C组3H的放射活性和血浆LPS含量显著高于A组(P<0.05);同时,C组显著低于B组(P<0.05)。(2)B、C组肝的3H放射活性比A组显著增高(P<0.05),C组比B组低。结论:烧伤后补锌能减轻大鼠肠道细菌移位及毒血症。