游离分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣修复前臂软组织缺损与功能重建

目的 探讨应用分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣临床修复前臂软组织缺损与功能重建的临床效果.方法应用吻合血管分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复前臂皮肤和肌肉缺损重建运动功能12例.结果12例分叶肌皮瓣全部成活,伤几均Ⅰ期愈合.随访6～36个月,肌力3～5级.结论 分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣是覆盖前臂创面并重建其功能的较为理想的肌皮瓣.     

前臂后外侧中段穿支皮瓣的解剖学基础

目的 观察前臂后外侧中段穿支皮瓣的解剖学.方法 在30侧动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本上,以肱骨外上髁为观测标志点,手术放大镜下重点解剖观测:(1)前臂后外侧中段穿支的起源、分支与分布;(2)穿支与周围血管间吻合关系.另在2侧新鲜标本上分别进行墨染和模拟手术设计.结果 来源于骨间后动脉桡侧肌皮支、桡动脉肌间隙支和桡动脉直接骨膜支的前臂后外侧中段穿支,穿出深筋膜的位置相对恒定,在指伸肌与桡侧腕短伸肌的肌间隙、旋后肌与拇长展肌之间、肱骨外上髁下12.5～15.8 cm范围内穿过深筋膜至皮下,并分出众多的细小血管与邻近的肌皮穿支血管、前臂后皮神经外侧支的神经旁和神经干血管链的分支密切吻合,在指伸肌与桡侧腕短伸肌之间形成顺沿肌间隙和前臂后皮神经外侧支纵轴的血管丛.结论 以前臂后外侧中段穿支为蒂,可形成轴型皮瓣或跨区域供血皮瓣转位修复前臂及腕部软组织缺损.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the anatomy of the perforator flap of the posterolateral midforearm. Methods Lateral condyle of the humems wag taken as the observation mark on 30 specimens of adult upper limb perfused with red latex.The surgical magnifier Wag used to obse~e the origin,branches and distribution of the perforating branches of the posterolateral midforearm as well as alanagtomosis between perforating branches and peripheral vessels.Mimic operation WaS performed on the two sides of the fresh specimen.Results The perforating branches of the posterolateral midforearm originated from the radial musculoculancous branches of the posterior interosseous artery,the intermuscular branches of the radial artery and the direct periosteal branch of the radial artery had relatively stable location of piercing the deep fascia.Then,the perforating branches of the posterolateral midforearm pagsed through the deep fascia to the subcutaneous part among the spatium intermusculare of extensor digitorum and extensor carpi radialis brevis,supinator and abductor pollicis longus(within 12.5-15.8 cm below the lateral condyle of the humerus).Large number of small blood Vessels were also separated and closely aligned with the musculoculancous branches vascular,perineural and neural stem vascular chain of lateral branches of posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve.Then,the vascular plexus was formed along the spatium intermusculare and lateral branches of posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve longitudinal axis between extensor digitorum and extensor carpi radialis brevis. Conclusion The axial pattern flaps or cross-regional blood supply skin flap pedicled with the perforating branches of the posterolateral midforearm Can be formed to repair the soft tissue defect of tlle forearm and wrist.     

股前外侧皮瓣的解剖及应用进展

股前外侧皮瓣(anterolateral thigh flap,ALTF)是指在股前外侧区域以旋股外侧动脉(lateral circumflex femoral artery,LCFA)为血管蒂的皮瓣,广泛用于修复头颈部、四肢及躯干的软组织缺损[1],被冠以"万用皮瓣"之名。修复的病例年龄小至17个月[2],大至103岁[3],切取的皮瓣最大面积达到38 cm×24 cm[1]。随着穿支皮瓣研究的深入,该皮瓣逐渐受到重建外科的青睐,笔者就该皮瓣的解剖学研究、临床应用     

THE EFFECT OF MEBT/MEBO ON EPIDERMAL REGENERATIVE STEM CELLS

INTRODUCTION 　　As an innovative therapeutic system in burn therapy, Moist exposed burn therapy (MEBT) has been in wide clinical practiced in association with the topical drug of Moist Exposed Burn Ointment (MEBO). It successfully resolved four major clinical problems, i.e. pain, wound infection, progressive necrosis, and healing with scar formation of deep second-degree burn wound. Recently, a new progress, the regeneration and replication of skin tissue in the subcutaneous fat tis…     

On the Principle of Treatment of Burn Wound

The article expounds the therapeutic features of the Moist Exposed Burn Therapy(MEBT)in the treatment of-burn injuries by means of experimental research data and clinical application experiences about MEBT and confirmsthat the principle and method of conventional dry therapy for burn injuries is contrary to burn pathogenesis,whileMEBT is an effective medical technique which is in conformity with burn pathogenesis at present.Histogical studies confirmed:microscopical examination of wound tissue treated with dry exposure therapyshowed that the granulation tissue was atrophic,in which the lobocytes exudated,collagenous fibers wereeosinophilous.An inanimate sign was emerged in the granulation tissue.The wound tissue treated with MEBT wasfull of vitality,fibroblasts proliferated actively and there were aboundant blood vessels.The comparison study be-tween amnion overlying therapy and MEBT in the treatment of superfcialⅢ°burnt wound confrmed that the latercould make the wound heal through epidermization.The     

改良掌背动脉逆行超大皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤

目的 探讨改良掌背动脉逆行超大皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤的临床效果.方法 自2004年1月至2008年8月,对24例24指末节脱套伤患者应用改良掌背动脉逆行超大皮瓣修复,其中示指6指、中指11指、环指5指、小指2指,缺损平面均在远侧指间关节以远,脱套末节长度0.8～3.1 cm.急诊手术22指,末节皮肤坏死Ⅱ期手术2指.结果 24例24指皮瓣全部成活,21例21指经6～28个月随访,外形、感觉和功能恢复满意,皮瓣的两点辨别觉达6～9 mm,平均7.6 mm.结论 改良掌背动脉逆行超大皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤具有手术简便、安全,疗程短等优点,是一种较为理想的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the clinical outcome of the modified super large dorsal metacarpal artery flap in reconstruction of circumferential fingertip avulsion. Methods Twenty-four patients with circumferential fingertip avulsion were treated by the modified super large dorsal metacarpal artery flap from January 2004 to August 2008. There were six index fingers, 11 middle fingers, five ring fingers and two little fingers with surface defects beyond the distal interphalangeal joint and the distal degloving length ranged from 0.8 cm to 3.1 cm. Emergency operation was performed on 22 fingers and stage Ⅱ surgery was done for distal skin necrosis of two fingers. Results Twenty-one patients with 21 fingers were followed up for 6-28 months, which showed that all flaps survived, with satisfactory appearance and function, and that the point discrimination of flap was for 6-9 mm ( average 7.6 mm). Conclusion Modified super large dorsal metacarpal artery flap is an ideal method for reconstruction of the circumferential fingertip avulsion with advantages of easiness, convenience and short treatment period.     

Imaging and review of a large pre-auricular pilomatrixoma in a child

A 10-year-old girl presented with a mildly tender mass in the right preauricular region. The mass became larger, and the overlying skin turned purple. There was no clinical response to a course of either cephalexin or clarithromycin. The remainder of the head and neck examination was normal including normal facial nerve function. Lyme titers and a computed tomographic (CT) scan with contrast of the facial region were obtained. The CT scan demonstrated the lesion to be superficial to the parotid gland. The lyme titer was elevated and doxycycline was begun. The mass appeared to reduce in size after doxycycline treatment, but then grew and turned erythematous. The lesion was surgically excised and was vascular with calcification and cheesy inclusions. The mass was quite close to the skin and the clinical diagnosis at the time of surgery was a pilomatrixoma, which was corroborated on pathological evaluation.     

巨大肩袖损伤的手术修复结果

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tear. Methods The study involved 16 patients with massive rotator cuff tears treated arthroscopically from September 2007 to June 2009. There were 6 males and 11 females at average age 61.5 years (45-75 years). The rotator cuff tears was repaired with arthroscopic double-row reconstruction. The range of motion, pain, strength of flexed elevation and function evaluation score were all recorded before operation and at final follow-up. The results were evaluated by t test and compared according to age and course of disease. Results All patients were healed without complications and the outcome was improved significantly ( P < 0.01 ). The mean VAS score was improved from preoperative 5.6 to postoperative 1.7,the average forward flexion from 69. 1°to 151.2°, the average external rotation from 14.7° to 32.2°, and internal rotation from L1 level to T10, the mean Constant-Murle from 39 to 85, the mean UCLA from 10.4 to 28, the mean SST from 2.8 to 8.8 and the strength of flexed elevation from 10.7% of normal side to 65.0%. Compared with preoperation, there was statistical difference in aspects of pain, range of motion, muscle strength and function in postoperation (P < 0.01 ). Conclusion Arthroscopic doublerow fixation can attain satisfactory results in repair of massive rotator cuff tear.     

健侧骶神经根移位修复大鼠骶丛撕脱伤

目的 探讨采用健侧骶神经根移位修复骶丛撕脱伤的可行性.方法 选用体重200～300 g的成年SD大鼠30只,随机分为不吻合组、健侧L6-患侧L6吻合组和健侧L6-患侧L5吻合组,每组10只.大鼠右侧为实验侧,左侧为对照侧.术后观察各组大鼠的存活情况,对受试大鼠进行BBB评分.双侧股二头肌、小腿三头肌及胫骨前肌称重并进行肌肉横截而HE染色的埘比研究;电镜观察吻合口远端神经牛长情况;坐骨神经功能指数(SFI)、肌电图检查评价吻合的可行性.结果 术后12周吻合组BBB评分比不吻合组高(P<0.01).吻合组右侧的股二头肌、小腿三头肌、胫前肌与不吻合组相比均有不同程度恢复.其中L6-L5吻合组效果较L6-L6吻合组好.三组肌群恢复速度在L6-L6吻合组内有差异,其中近侧股二头肌恢复效果相对较好,吻合口远端神经电镜观察可见大量再生有髓神经纤维.肌电图显示于三组肌肉可记录到波幅,其中以近侧股二头肌及小腿三头肌峰值较大,远侧胫前肌峰值较小.结论 健侧骶神经根移位加自体神经移植或健侧骶神经移位与患侧神经根直接吻合均能蕈建截瘫大鼠骶丛神经的部分功能,其中健侧骶神经移位与患侧神经根直接吻合组效果优于健侧骶神经根移位加自体神经移植组.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of normal sacral nerve root transposition in repair of the sacral plexus root avulsion. Methods A total of 30 adult SD rats were chosen and divided into three groups,ie,group A(the sciatic nerve received no repair),group B(the autologous sacral plexus root nerve was bridged with the right L6 nerve root by the translocation of the left L6)and group C (the right L5 nerve root nerve was bridged by the translocation of the left L6),10 rats per group.The left side of the rats was used as the control side and the right one as the experimental side.Twelve weeks after operation,the rats in each group were selected for the histomorphological observation of the nerves under the microscope and the electron microscope.The models were evaluated by observing the survival rates of the rats,BBB scores,electron microscope weight and muscle fiber CSA(cross section area)of double biceps femoris,triceps surae and tibial muscle. Results Twelve weeks after operation,the BBB scores in groups B and C was higher than that in group A,with statistical difference(P<0.01)between three groups.A remarkable improvement was found in the ratio of weight and muscle fiber CSA of double biceps femoris,triceps surse and tibial muscle.The repair efficiency in the group C was better than that in the group B.In the group B,the biceps femoris,triceps surae and tibial muscle recovered at different degrees.The biceps femoris recovered the best,when a great deal of myelinated nerve fiber regeneration was observed under the microscope and the electromicroscope.Electromyography revealed the volatility in the muscles of three groups,with larger peak value for the proximal biceps femoris and the triceps muscle but smaller peak value for the distal anterior tibial muscle. Conclusions L6 transposition combined with auto-graft of nerve root or without the auto-graft can reconstruct the partial function of the sciatic nerve in the paraplegia rats,when the latter has the better effect.     

吻合血管皮瓣移植修复前臂和手部复杂性软组织缺损

目的探讨吻合血管皮瓣移植修复前臂和手部复杂软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对17例前臂和手部复杂软组织缺损采用股前外侧皮瓣、胸脐皮瓣、小腿内侧与股前外侧皮瓣的串联皮瓣游离移植修复创面。创面面积11 cm×8 cm～26 cm×9 cm,皮瓣切取面积13 cm×9 cm～27 cm×10 cm。结果移植皮瓣全部成活;8例皮瓣臃肿,需再次手术整形;4例骨缺损在皮瓣成活后半年施行自体髂骨植骨钢板内固定,骨折愈合,前臂的旋转功能和手部功能恢复满意;3例肌腱缺损者术后3～5个月用健侧掌长肌腱或手屈指浅肌腱移植修复,手部功能获得部分恢复;2例尺、桡动脉严重损伤,合并重度皮肤肌肉组织缺损者手部功能获得部分恢复,其余患者前臂旋转功能和手部功能恢复满意。结论吻合血管皮瓣移植能有效地修复前臂和手部复杂软组织缺损,控制创面感染,有助于骨折愈合和手部功能的恢复。     

应用4种皮瓣修复小儿足跟部软组织缺损的临床效果

目的探讨应用4种皮瓣修复小儿足跟部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 2006年8月～2010年9月采用小腿外侧皮瓣、外踝上动脉皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣和腓肠神经营养皮瓣修复小儿足跟部软组织缺损33例,年龄3～12岁。缺损面积:4cm×3cm～18cm×11cm;8例伴有跟腱缺损。切取皮瓣面积:5cm×4cm～20cm×13cm;小腿外侧逆行岛状皮瓣10例、股前外侧皮瓣9例、腓肠神经营养皮瓣8例、外踝上动脉皮瓣6例。结果 33例经8～19个月随访,皮瓣外形和质地良好,术后皮瓣全部成活。其中2例股前外侧皮瓣发生静脉危象,经重新吻合静脉后皮瓣成活;3例腓肠神经营养皮瓣发生远端边缘坏死,最大1.5cm×1cm,经伤口换药后痊愈。8例合并跟腱缺损者,5例用股前外侧皮瓣和深筋膜(髂胫束)重建后屈踝功能恢复近于正常,3例屈踝肌力减弱,有较明显的跛行。结论小腿外侧皮瓣、外踝上动脉皮瓣和腓肠神经营养皮瓣具有切取简便,损伤小,皮瓣外形和质地良好,是修复小儿足跟部中小面积软组织缺损的较理想方法,而股前外侧皮瓣则是修复小儿足跟部大面积缺损或合并跟腱缺损的有效方法之一。     

下肢严重软组织缺损的游离皮瓣修复

目的：探讨游离皮瓣修复下肢严重软组织缺损的治疗效果。方法：自2006-01～2008—12,我科应用背阔肌皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、肩胛皮瓣、足背皮瓣、腓骨骨皮瓣对36例严重下肢软组织缺损的病例进行修复。结果：术后34例完全存活,2例股前外侧皮瓣远端部分坏死2～3cm,给予清除坏死部分的皮瓣组织后植皮,伤口愈合;随访3个月～3年,皮瓣质地良好,下肢功能改善和最大限度保留。结论：游离皮瓣修复下肢严重软组织缺损,根据损伤部位、范围、伤情选择不同的游离皮瓣进行修复效果可靠。     

双叶股前外侧皮瓣在创面修复中的临床应用

目的 探讨双叶股前外侧皮瓣修复相邻两处创面的方法 和疗效. 方法 2001年3月-2007年1月采用吻合血管的双叶股前外侧皮瓣修复9例不同部位的相邻两处创面,包括3例洞穿性缺损创面. 结果 9例皮瓣全部成活.术后Ⅰ例皮瓣出现远端浅表坏死,经换药及抗感染治疗愈合.9例均得到随访,皮瓣外形满意. 结论 双叶股前外侧皮瓣除具有股前外侧皮瓣的优点外,还可同时修复相邻两处缺损,是修复同一肢体相邻两处缺损的有效方法 .     

逆行股前外侧筋膜脂肪瓣修复膝周创面

目的 探讨逆行股前外侧筋膜脂肪瓣修复膝周围创面的临床应用. 方法 自2006年7月至2007年5月,采用逆行的股前外侧筋膜脂肪瓣修复膝及小腿上端创面5例.术前常规用多普勒超声探测穿支点并标记,皮瓣大小为6 cm×8 cm～12 cm×13 cm,将穿支点包括在内,切断旋股外侧动脉的近心端,游离其远心端达筋膜脂肪瓣转移至膝及小腿上端创面,筋膜脂肪瓣上面移植中厚皮片. 结果 所有的筋膜脂肪瓣均完全成活,1例皮片部分坏死,换约后愈合,供区无并发症发生. 结论 逆行股前外侧筋膜脂肪瓣可以提供血管蒂较长的薄组织瓣,对供区的损伤小,最大程度保持了供区的外形.是临床修复膝周围创面的一个良好选择.     

带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣修复前臂复杂创面

目的 介绍应用带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣移植修复前臂大面积皮肤软组织缺损并重建前臂的主要伸屈功能.方法 切取带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣修复前臂复杂创面8例,髂胫束修复前臂屈肌腱缺损3例,伸肌腱缺损5例,同时用皮瓣轴型血管修复手部血供.结果 本组患者皮瓣全部成活,随访3个月～2.5年,前臂外形满意,皮肤质地柔软,皮瓣恢复保护性感觉,患肢能完成主要的伸屈功能,手腕指关节总活动度(TAM)评价:优良6例,差2例.结论 带髂胫柬的股前外侧皮瓣在修复前臂软组织缺损同时可Ⅰ期重建前臂主要伸或屈功能,是一种简单、理想的手术方法.     

桥式交叉吻合皮瓣游离移植修复下肢大面积皮肤缺损

目的：探讨桥式交叉吻合皮瓣游离移植修复小腿及足部大面积皮肤缺损的手术适应证、技巧、方法及注意事项,以提高手术成功率。方法：对我科2007—04—2012—12所做的桥式交叉吻合游离皮瓣52例进行回顾性总结。所有患者均为一侧小腿或足部大面积皮肤缺损,创面清创后解剖游离对侧小腿胫后动、静脉为血管蒂,切取胸脐皮瓣或股前外侧皮瓣游离移植覆盖创面,双小腿在合适位置以组合式外固定架固定,皮瓣血管蒂与对侧胫后动静脉吻合,蒂部制成皮管,术后25～30d断蒂。结果：除一例皮瓣远端约1／3坏死外,余皮瓣全部顺利成活。质地柔软,外形良好,患肢功能满意。结论：对伤肢无可供血管蒂、常规局部皮瓣转移或交腿皮瓣无法覆盖的创面,桥式交叉吻合游离皮瓣转移修复不失为一种较好的修复方法。     

股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损

目的总结股前外侧皮瓣游离移植足踝部,尤其是小儿跟腱部皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 2010年2月~2014年12月,采用股前外侧皮瓣修复23例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损,男性17例,女性6例;年龄4~45岁,平均21岁。创面均伴血管、骨及肌腱外露,创面缺损范围4cm×6cm~23cm×18cm,皮瓣切取范围为6cm×8cm~25cm×20cm,供区游离植皮修复。结果 1例移植皮瓣坏死,其余皮瓣及供区植皮均顺利成活,创面均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间8~46个月,平均16个月。皮瓣耐磨,无局部溃烂,均恢复保护性感觉。4例全足脱套伤患者皮瓣外形臃肿于术后8~12个月行二次手术皮瓣修整后,外形满意。结论股前外侧皮瓣具有切取范围大、血管口径粗、部位隐蔽等特点,由于股前外侧皮神经吻合可以获得较好的保护性感觉,可广泛用于足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的修复。     

"T"吻合血管股前外侧皮瓣游离移植的临床应用

目的:探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复足部皮肤缺损的临床疗效.方法:解剖以股前外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的游离股前外侧皮瓣,移植修复9例足部皮肤缺损,男8例,女1例,年龄24岁～56岁.旋股外侧动脉及其伴行静脉于胫前/胫后动静脉做"T"型吻合,皮瓣切取最大面积20cm×12cm,最小面积10cm×6cm.结果:9例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访8个月～24个月,移植皮瓣外形及功能恢复满意.结论:股前外侧皮瓣具有血供可靠,血管蒂长,切取面积大,部位隐蔽,不损伤主要血管等优点,是修复足部皮肤缺损的理想方法之一.