持续声嘶婴儿117例病因分析

目的 探讨婴儿持续声嘶的病因.方法 回顾性分析2008年6月至2010年7月间因持续声嘶就诊的婴儿117例(所有患儿均经2周抗炎治疗后声嘶无好转).按初诊年龄分为3组:新生儿组22例,小于6个月龄组60例,小于12个月龄组35例.所有患儿均接受电子喉镜检查,部分患儿行CT、心脏彩超、病理检查,并结合病史分析病因.结果 117例患儿中声带肥厚增生45例次(37.81%),声带麻痹39例次(32.78%),喉血管瘤7例次(5.89%),喉蹼喉囊肿4例次(3.36%),声带息肉2例次(1.68%),声门闭合不全2例次(1.68%),喉乳头状瘤、声带肉芽增生(气管插管后)、颈部淋巴管瘤压迫声门各1例次(各占0.84%);喉镜检查发现占位性病变但未进一步检查确诊者4例,喉镜检查没有发现异常13例.39例声带麻痹患儿伴发先天性心脏病者共19例,占48.72%.年龄越小声带麻痹患儿比率越高,其中新生儿组达50.00%,小于6个月龄组36.67%,小于12个月龄组17.14%,差异有统计学意义(x2=7.18,P＜0.05).结论 引起婴儿持续声嘶的病因以声带肥厚增生最多见,其次为声带麻痹.声带麻痹在小龄婴儿中较大龄婴儿更常见,以先天性心脏病术后及先天性心脏病为主要原因.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the causes of persistent hoarseness in infants. Methods One hundred and seventeen infants with persistent hoarseness treated in the department of otorhinolaryngology in Children's Hospital of Fudan University between June 2008 and July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed ( all patients received antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks and the symptoms were not relieved after that). The patients were divided into three groups according to the age at first visit: 22 newborns, ＜ 6 months old in 60 cases,＜ 12 months old in 35 cases. All patients had video laryngoscope examinations. Some of them received CT scan, cardiac ultrasonography and pathological examination in additional. The diagnosis was established by clinical history and imaging modalities, and the causes were analyzed subsequently. Results Among the 117 patients, 45 cases were vocal hypertrophy and hyperplasia (37. 81% ), 39 cases were vocal cord paralyses (32. 78% ), 7 cases were laryngeal hemangiomas (5. 89% ), 4 cases were laryngeal webs and cyst (3. 36% ), 2 cases were vocal cord polyps ( 1.68% ), 2 cases were glottic incompetences ( 1.68% ),1 case was laryngeal papillomas(0. 84% ), 1 case was vocal code granulomas (0. 84% ), 1 case was glottis restricted by neck lymphangioma (0.84%); 4 cases were undetermined and 13 cases were no abnormalities. The percentage of patients with congenital heart diseases (19 cases)in vocal cord paralysis was 48. 72%. The proportion of vocal cord paralysis in younger group was higher than that in elder one ,their percentage were 50. 00%, 36. 67% and 17. 14% respectively ( x2 = 7. 18, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions A variety of causes can lead to persistent hoarseness in infants. The majority of them are vocal hypertrophy and hyperplasia, followed by vocal cord paralyse. Vocal cord paralysis is more common in younger infants than in elder ones, and the main causes are post-cardiac surgery and congenital heart disease.     

持续声嘶婴儿117例病因分析

Objective To explore the causes of persistent hoarseness in infants. Methods One hundred and seventeen infants with persistent hoarseness treated in the department of otorhinolaryngology in Children's Hospital of Fudan University between June 2008 and July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed ( all patients received antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks and the symptoms were not relieved after that). The patients were divided into three groups according to the age at first visit: 22 newborns, ＜ 6 months old in 60 cases,＜ 12 months old in 35 cases. All patients had video laryngoscope examinations. Some of them received CT scan, cardiac ultrasonography and pathological examination in additional. The diagnosis was established by clinical history and imaging modalities, and the causes were analyzed subsequently. Results Among the 117 patients, 45 cases were vocal hypertrophy and hyperplasia (37. 81% ), 39 cases were vocal cord paralyses (32. 78% ), 7 cases were laryngeal hemangiomas (5. 89% ), 4 cases were laryngeal webs and cyst (3. 36% ), 2 cases were vocal cord polyps ( 1.68% ), 2 cases were glottic incompetences ( 1.68% ),1 case was laryngeal papillomas(0. 84% ), 1 case was vocal code granulomas (0. 84% ), 1 case was glottis restricted by neck lymphangioma (0.84%); 4 cases were undetermined and 13 cases were no abnormalities. The percentage of patients with congenital heart diseases (19 cases)in vocal cord paralysis was 48. 72%. The proportion of vocal cord paralysis in younger group was higher than that in elder one ,their percentage were 50. 00%, 36. 67% and 17. 14% respectively ( x2 = 7. 18, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions A variety of causes can lead to persistent hoarseness in infants. The majority of them are vocal hypertrophy and hyperplasia, followed by vocal cord paralyse. Vocal cord paralysis is more common in younger infants than in elder ones, and the main causes are post-cardiac surgery and congenital heart disease.     

游离股前外侧皮瓣在头颈外科中的应用

目的 总结应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析2007年11月至2010年6月辽宁省肿瘤医院头颈外科应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复重建头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损43例患者的临床资料.患者男32例,女11例;年龄40～81岁,中位年龄56岁.口腔癌23例,咽侧壁扁桃体7例,下咽癌11例,头皮癌、枕部肉瘤各1例.肿瘤分期:T1期9例,T2期17例,T3期11例,T4期6例.为保证有足够的安全切缘,所有患者手术切除范围为距肉眼所见肿瘤边缘至少2 cm,43例患者肿瘤切除术后应用游离股前外侧皮瓣进行修复重建,恢复咀嚼、吞咽及呼吸功能.皮瓣血管蒂长8～18 cm,平均12.5 cm.左股前外侧皮瓣41例,右侧2例.皮瓣面积(4～15)cm×(5～25)cm.结果 游离股前外侧皮瓣移植一期成功40例,1例术后第5天出现静脉血栓,重新吻合血管皮瓣成活.坏死3例,其中2例分别于术后第1天、第4天胸大肌肌皮瓣修复.1例第20天皮瓣坏死脱落后长肉芽愈合.11例下咽癌患者中3例行喉全切除术,8例保留喉功能(72.7%).23例口腔癌、7例咽侧壁扁桃体癌术后均恢复较好的咀嚼、吞咽、发音功能.头皮癌、枕部肉瘤患者较好地修复了大面积皮肤缺损.结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣修复技术可靠,成活率高,供区无严重并发症.皮瓣薄厚适中,可塑性好,是头颈肿瘤术后修复重建理想的修复皮瓣.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the results of reconstruction by free anterolateral thigh flaps ( ALT) after operation of head and neck tumors. Methods Forty-three cases underwent the reconstruction of postoperative defects with free anterolateral thigh flaps after head and neck cancer surgeries between November 2007 and June 2010 were reviewed. Ages of the patients ranged from 40 to 81 years, with a median of 56 years; 32 males and 11 females; 23 cases of oral carcinoma, 7 cases of tonsil carcinoma, 11 cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma,and 2 cases of head skin cancer. TNM classified as follows; no case of distant metastasis; T1 9 cases; T2 17 cases; T3 11 cases; T4 6 cases. All patients were applied with ALT to restore swallowing and respiratory functions. The mean length of blood vessel pedicles of the ALT free flaps was 12. 5 (8-18) cm. The flaps were 4 - 15 cm in width,5 - 25 cm in length. Results In the 43 cases applied with ALT free flaps, 40 cases were successful and 3 cases unsuccessful. Two of the failed cases were reconstructed with pectoralis major flap. In 11 cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma, except 3 cases with total laryngectomy, 8 cases(72. 7% ) had their laryngeal function been preserved. Conclusions The successful rate of ALT free flaps is perfect. There were no serious complication in offered areas. The flap could be shaped into various forms. ALT free flap is an ideal flap to reconstruct the defect after surgery in some head and neck tumors.     

脂肪干细胞复合脱细胞真皮基质用于声带注射的实验研究

Objective To explore the feasibility of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) combined with micronized acellular dermal matrix (MADM) for vocal cord injection. Methods The adipose-deprived stem cells were harvested from rabbit adipose tissue in vitro. The 3rd generation of ASC was labeled with DiI ( 1, 1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) and cultured with MADM to form a complex. The adhesion of ASC to MADM was observed by fluorescence microscope and electron microscope.The proliferation of ASC on MADM was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthizazol-2-yl)-5-( 3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfonyl )-2H- tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS). Three days after the culture, the complex was mixed with appropriate amount of collagen, and then injected into the unilateral vocal cord of the rabbit. The animals were sacrificed 2, 4, 8 weeks after injection, the survival time and distribution of ASC in vocal fold were tested, and the responses of vocal cord to ASC-MADM and the degradation of MADM were observed. Results The ASC adhered to MADM and grew well (P ＜0. 05 or ＜0. 01 ), showing good compatibility with MADM in vocal cord tissue. The complex of ASC-MADM could be injected into the rabbit vocal cords, while no adverse reactions was observed in the vocal cord by endoscope, frozen section and HE staining. ASC could survive for 8 weeks in vocal cords, and no inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.Conclusions MADM is an ideal scaffold material and shows perfect compatibility with ASC which can adhere and proliferate well on it. The complex of ASC-MADM can be injected into the vocal cord and can survive. There is no adverse reaction in vocal cords.     

脂肪干细胞复合脱细胞真皮基质用于声带注射的实验研究

目的 探索脂肪干细胞(adipose-derived stem cell,ASC)与脱细胞真皮基质微粒(micronized acellular dermal matrix,MADM)复合培养后用于声带内注射的可行性.方法 体外分离培养兔ASC,取第3代细胞,用细胞膜红色荧光探针(DiI)标记,并与已制备好的MADM复合培养,形成细胞和材料复合体,应用荧光显微镜、扫描电镜了解ASC黏附材料情况,四唑类化合物3-(4,5-dimethylthizazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfonyl)-2H-tetrazolium,inner salt(MTS)比色法检测细胞增殖情况.ASC-MADM复合体培养3 d后与适量胶原混合后注入异体兔单侧声带内,术后2、4、8周内镜观察,并分别处死动物,检测ASC在声带中存活、分布情况.结果 MADM所含胶原纤维松散、多孔隙,具有良好三维结构;ASC可黏附其生长并能不断增殖,与没有复合MADM的对照组比较细胞增殖水平差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05或＜0.01).ASC-MADM复合体注入兔声带肌后均存活良好,连续内镜观察、冰冻切片、HE染色显示声带局部无不良反应,ASC-MADM复合体在兔声带内基本无炎症细胞浸润,ASC可在声带内存活8周.结论 MADM是较理想的细胞支架材料,ASC能黏附MADM生长并增殖.ASC-MADM复合体异体动物声带内注射可存活且无不良反应.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the feasibility of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) combined with micronized acellular dermal matrix (MADM) for vocal cord injection. Methods The adipose-deprived stem cells were harvested from rabbit adipose tissue in vitro. The 3rd generation of ASC was labeled with DiI ( 1, 1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) and cultured with MADM to form a complex. The adhesion of ASC to MADM was observed by fluorescence microscope and electron microscope.The proliferation of ASC on MADM was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthizazol-2-yl)-5-( 3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfonyl )-2H- tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS). Three days after the culture, the complex was mixed with appropriate amount of collagen, and then injected into the unilateral vocal cord of the rabbit. The animals were sacrificed 2, 4, 8 weeks after injection, the survival time and distribution of ASC in vocal fold were tested, and the responses of vocal cord to ASC-MADM and the degradation of MADM were observed. Results The ASC adhered to MADM and grew well (P ＜0. 05 or ＜0. 01 ), showing good compatibility with MADM in vocal cord tissue. The complex of ASC-MADM could be injected into the rabbit vocal cords, while no adverse reactions was observed in the vocal cord by endoscope, frozen section and HE staining. ASC could survive for 8 weeks in vocal cords, and no inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.Conclusions MADM is an ideal scaffold material and shows perfect compatibility with ASC which can adhere and proliferate well on it. The complex of ASC-MADM can be injected into the vocal cord and can survive. There is no adverse reaction in vocal cords.     

自体筋膜加脂肪声带注射术治疗声门闭合不全的疗效观察

Objective To evaluate the effect of combination of autologous fascia and fat injection into vocal fold for the treatment of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and to observe the long-term effectiveness of this procedure. Methods A total of 26 unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients underwent vocal fold injection under general anesthesia, meanwhile, the mucosa of the injected point was sutured through laryngoscope under direct vision. There were 6 patients underwent autologous fat injection into vocal fold ( group A), and 20 patients underwent autologous anterior rectus sheath fascia and fat injection ( group B). Therapeutic efficacy were evaluated by videostroboscopy, voice-related parameters analysis and voice evaluation before and after treatment. Clinical analysis of this procedure was retrospectively performed in this serial of patients. Results All patients were followed up for 24 months. On the third day after operation,there was an acute inflammatory reaction induced by the graft. This reaction disappeared three months later.In all 20 eases, videolaryngostroboscopy showed significant improvement of the glottic closure, the improvement in acoustical parameters was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Perceptual evaluation of GRBAS scale showed significant improvement of phonatory function on G, B, A scale. The results remained stable 6 -24 months after operation and were not changed by the length of follow-up. And in the 6 cases,videolaryngostroboscopy showed significant improvement of the glottic closure at 3 months compared with preoperative observation, a little spindle-shaped disclosure. The improvement in acoustical parameters was significant statistically at 3, 6 and 24 months (P ＜ 0. 05 or ＜ 0. 01 ), the voice quality decreased significantly at 6 and 24 months compared with 3 months (P ＜0. 05 or ＜0. 0l ). The significant differences were not observed between 6 and 24 months (P ＞ 0. 05 ). No complications were observed in all patients perioperatively or during the follow-up period. Voice-related parameters jitter, normalized noise energy and maximum phonation time showed significant differences between Group A and Group B on 24 months ( P ＜0. 05 or ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The combination of autologous fascia and fat vocal fold injection is an effective procedure for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis, and the stable results can be achieved during the follow-up period for 24 months.     

vocal cord paralysis following section of rami communicans vagoglossopharyngeal for pharyngalgia and otalgia

A 46-year-old man experienced severe lancinating pain in the throat that radiated to the left ear. The pain, which was exacerbated by swallowing or coughing, had lasted for 2 years. The findings of the patient's neurological examination were normal. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain and nasopharynx did not show any abnormality. A diagnosis of idiopathic vagoglossopharyngeal neuralgia was made. In surgery, both the glossopharyngeal and the rami communicans between the vagal and grssopharyngeal nerves were sectioned. The patient was free of pain following the surgery, but complained of hoarseness in voice. Examination showed paralyzed left vocal cord at a paramedian position. In the 12 months following the surgery, the hoarseness has gradually improved and eventually disappeared.     

人羊膜上皮细胞移植用于兔损伤声带组织修复的初步研究

目的 研究人羊膜上皮细胞(human amniotic epithelial cells,hAEC)移植入兔声带损伤组织内的生长分布特点,探索hAEC促进声带损伤后修复再生的潜能.方法 分离和培养hAEC,慢病毒增强型绿色荧光蛋白(1entivirus enhanced green fluorescent protein,Lenti-EGFP)基因转染作标记.建立深及声韧带的兔声带损伤模型,设hAEC移植组(13侧声带)、损伤对照组(13侧声带)及正常对照组(4侧声带).荧光显微镜下连续观察hAEC在声带内的存活、分布情况,应用HE染色和免疫组化染色分析胶原、纤维连接蛋白等主要细胞外基质在损伤后3个月时的含量及分布.结果 hAEC原代培养6 d后呈铺路石样生长,植入声带损伤组织后可在固有层内持续存活2个月,细胞呈纵向排列,有趋向性.声带损伤2个月时免疫荧光显示hAEC移植组兔肌细胞标志结蛋白荧光阳性,提示hAEC向肌细胞分化;同时Ⅲ型胶原荧光阳性,提示hAEC植入后具有分泌Ⅲ型胶原功能.光镜观察见hAEC移植后3个月兔胶原纤维密度和排序较损伤对照组改善,但未及正常;免疫组化染色示hAEC移植组纤维连接蛋白含量和分布介于损伤对照组和正常对照组之间.结论 hAEC可在异种动物声带损伤组织内持续存活、生长,并有向声带组织分化和分泌部分细胞外基质的潜能,可能促进声带损伤后的修复再生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the survival, growth and distribution of human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) after injected into injured rabbit vocal folds, in addition, to assess the ability of hAEC to affect the components of lamina propria extracellular matrix (ECM) and prevent vocal fold scarring.Methods hAEC were isolated from human amnion and marked by Lenti-EGFP. Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were used for this experiment. EGFP-hAEC was injected into the left injured vocal folds in thirteen rabbits, and the contralateral thirteen vocal folds experienced an injured procedure only (" injured untreated control"), and four vocal folds were left as untreated controls. The survival, distribution, differentiation potential and secretion function of hAEC were examined by immunofluorescence method. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed for the evaluation of collagen and fibronectin respectively.Results hAEC showed a cobblestone-like growth. After implanted into the injured vocal folds, hAEC could survive in vocal fold lamina propria for 2 months. The immunofluorescence analysis showed the evidence of hAEC differentiation into muscle cells as well as secretion the ECM protein. Three months postoperatively, the density of collagen was higher in the injured untreated control folds than that in the injured vocal folds injected with hAEC and the untreated controls. Besides, the content of fibronectin in the injured untreated control group was significantly increased. Conclusions hAEC survived in the vocal folds lamina propria,and had the potentiality to differentiate into vocal folds tissue and secret some ECM components. The histological improvement caused by the injected cells demonstrate that hAEC had the ability to promote the repairment and regeneration of injured vocal folds.     

自体筋膜加脂肪声带注射术治疗声门闭合不全的疗效观察

目的 探讨自体筋膜加脂肪声带注射术治疗声门闭合不全的疗效.方法 对26例单 侧声带麻痹声门闭合不全患者全麻支撑喉镜下经口行声带内注射术,其中6例采用自体脂肪注射(A组),20例采用自体腹直肌前鞘筋膜加脂肪注射(B组).术前、术后动态喉镜检查和主客观嗓音分析评估疗效,均随访24个月.结果 两组患者术后注射物无外溢,注射侧声带形态饱满;术后3 d注射侧声带出现急性炎性反应,3个月左右消退.术后3个月A组所有患者注射侧声带回复至中线,声门闭合良好,6～24个月声门闭合稍有缝隙;B组所有患者术后6个月回复至中线,声门闭合良好,6～24个月声带形态稳定.术前嗓音声学分析:两组间基频微扰、振幅微扰、标准化噪声能量及最大发音时间差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);A组术后3个月显著改善(P值均＜0.01),6及24个月较术前改善(P值＜0.05或＜0.01),但较术后3个月音质下降(P值＜0.05或＜0.01);B组术后6个月显著改善(P值均＜0.01),6、12及24个月各参数差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);术后24个月两组的基频微扰、标准化噪声能量及最大发音时间差异有统计学意义(P值＜0.05或＜0.01).B组嗓音听感知评估,总嘶哑度、气息声、发音无力程度评分降低,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).结论 自体腹直肌前鞘筋膜加脂肪声带内注射术治疗单侧声带麻痹声门闭合不全可有效提高患者声音质量,远期效果稳定.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of combination of autologous fascia and fat injection into vocal fold for the treatment of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and to observe the long-term effectiveness of this procedure. Methods A total of 26 unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients underwent vocal fold injection under general anesthesia, meanwhile, the mucosa of the injected point was sutured through laryngoscope under direct vision. There were 6 patients underwent autologous fat injection into vocal fold ( group A), and 20 patients underwent autologous anterior rectus sheath fascia and fat injection ( group B). Therapeutic efficacy were evaluated by videostroboscopy, voice-related parameters analysis and voice evaluation before and after treatment. Clinical analysis of this procedure was retrospectively performed in this serial of patients. Results All patients were followed up for 24 months. On the third day after operation,there was an acute inflammatory reaction induced by the graft. This reaction disappeared three months later.In all 20 eases, videolaryngostroboscopy showed significant improvement of the glottic closure, the improvement in acoustical parameters was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Perceptual evaluation of GRBAS scale showed significant improvement of phonatory function on G, B, A scale. The results remained stable 6 -24 months after operation and were not changed by the length of follow-up. And in the 6 cases,videolaryngostroboscopy showed significant improvement of the glottic closure at 3 months compared with preoperative observation, a little spindle-shaped disclosure. The improvement in acoustical parameters was significant statistically at 3, 6 and 24 months (P ＜ 0. 05 or ＜ 0. 01 ), the voice quality decreased significantly at 6 and 24 months compared with 3 months (P ＜0. 05 or ＜0. 0l ). The significant differences were not observed between 6 and 24 months (P ＞ 0. 05 ). No complications were observed in all patients perioperatively or during the follow-up period. Voice-related parameters jitter, normalized noise energy and maximum phonation time showed significant differences between Group A and Group B on 24 months ( P ＜0. 05 or ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The combination of autologous fascia and fat vocal fold injection is an effective procedure for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis, and the stable results can be achieved during the follow-up period for 24 months.     

喉内结构在甲状软骨板上的投影位置关系

Objective：To provide anatomic basis of locations of laryngeal interior structures for laryngeal operating through lateral laryngeal approaches in clinic. Method： Thirty cadavers laryngeal cartilage specimens（ 19 male and 11female）was collected. Using pin pierced method under direct vision to locate the projections of muscle process of arytenoids cartilage and vocal fold on thyroid ala,then to observe their relationships. Result：The projection of vocal fold is the line that connecting a little bit superior of the middle point of anterior commissure of thyroid cartilage and the point on the crosspoint of superior 3/4 and inferior 1/4 of the posterior edge of thyroid cartilage ala. The angle of the line and anterior commissure of thyroid cartilage is sixty-five degrees, The projection of muscle process is locating on the projective line of vocal fold. The projection of pyriform fossa is locating at the posterior superior portion of thyroid cartilage ala. Conclusion： The interior structures of larynx have a intact relationship of projective position on thyroid cartilage ala,which providing anatomic references for clinical surgeries relating to vocal fold through laryngeal framework.     

保留喉功能的下咽后壁癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨保留喉功能的下咽后壁癌手术治疗的可行性及相关技术方法。方法：对35例下咽后壁癌患者进行手术治疗,根据病变的具体情况,采用不同的肿瘤切除方式和多种方法进行组织缺损的修复。在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下,保留可利用的正常组织进行咽喉功能重建。行保留喉功能手术27例,未保留喉功能手术8例。术后根据需要行辅助放疗。结果：本组病例3年生存率为45．7％,5年生存率为28．6％。27例保留喉功能,其中喉功能全部恢复（发声、呼吸和吞咽保护）16例,占45．7％,喉功能部分恢复（发声、吞咽保护）11例,占31．4％。本组患者死于颈部淋巴结转移9例,肿瘤局部复发10例,肺部转移2例,颈部大出血1例,心脏病2例,原因不明1例。结论：保留喉功能的下咽后壁癌的手术治疗是可行的,熟练掌握肿瘤切除技术并根据需要合理选用咽喉功能重建方法是提高患者生活质量的重要保证。     

下咽、颈段食管癌手术切除后保留喉功能与发声重建

目的：探讨下咽、颈段食管癌根治术患者喉功能保留与发声重建的手术方法。方法：对16例下咽、颈段食管癌患者手术切除肿瘤后，实施保留全喉及部分喉切除喉功能重建；全喉切除后Blom-Singer 1期、2期发声重建术，同时下咽及颈段食管缺损分别采用胃－咽吻合、前臂游离皮瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、胸三角皮瓣、胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣，颈前肌皮瓣、喉气管粘膜瓣等方法进行整复。保留全喉8例，保留部分喉喉重建3例，全喉切除后行Blom-Singer发声重建1期4例，2期1例。结果：16例中除1例术后14d心脏病变发死亡外，均恢复了吞咽功能，13例恢复发声功能，6例恢复了全喉功能，2例恢复了部分喉功能（不能拔管）。5例行Blom-Singer发声重建者，均发声成功。结论：依据患者病变部位、肿瘤分期、身体状况、年龄等因素，切除肿瘤后采用不同的手术方法行喉功能保留及发声重建，可提高患者术后生存质量。     

环后癌的手术治疗

目的 探讨环后癌手术治疗的相关技术方法。方法对21例环后癌患者进行手术治疗，其中T3NOM0 5例，T3N1M0 1例，13N2M0 2例，T4NOM0 7例，T4N1M0 4例，T4N2M0 1例。T4N3M0 1例。在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下，保留可利用的正常组织进行咽喉功能重建。共行保留喉功能手术10例，不保留喉功能手术11例，同时行单侧颈清扫术8例，双侧颈清扫术3例，术后行辅助放疗。结果随访时间60～276个月，平均96个月。全组患者3年生存率61．9％(13／21)，5年生存率52．4％(11／21)。随访期间死于颈淋巴结转移4例，肿瘤局部复发3例，心肺功能衰竭1例，原因不明2例。喉功能保留病例仅恢复了发音和吞咽保护功能。术后出现咽瘘5例，下咽狭窄3例，严重误吸1例。结论在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下谨慎选择环后癌手术方法，利用保留下来的正常喉组织进行喉功能重建，从而恢复喉的部分功能是可行的。患者可获得较好的生存率和生存质量。     

保留喉功能的T4声门癌的手术治疗

目的　探讨T4声门癌喉功能保留手术的方法和临床疗效。方法　对 1982～ 1998年间2 2例T4声门癌患者进行手术治疗 ,切除肿瘤及受累的软骨和喉外组织 ,以胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣、颈阔肌皮瓣、颈阔肌筋膜瓣、甲状软骨膜瓣、下咽黏膜瓣等修复组织缺损 ,保留会厌或环状软骨板重建喉功能。全部患者均接受术后放射治疗 (5 0 0 0～ 6 0 0 0cGy)。结果　全组病例 3年生存率 86 4 % (19/ 2 2 ) ,5年生存率 75 0 % (15 / 2 0 )。喉功能恢复 (吞咽保护、呼吸、发音 )为 6 8 2 % (15 / 2 2 ) ,喉功能部分恢复(吞咽保护、发音 ) 31 8% (7/ 2 2 )。结论　T4声门癌尽管可累及喉软骨和喉外组织 ,但经仔细选择的病例在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下保留喉功能是可行的     

保留喉功能的T4声门癌的手术治疗

目的 探讨T4声门癌喉功能保留手术的方法和临床疗效。方法 对1982－1998年间22例T4声门癌患者进行手术治疗，切除肿瘤及受累的软骨和喉外组织，以胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣、颈阔肌皮瓣、颈阔肌筋膜瓣、甲状软骨膜瓣、下咽黏膜瓣等修复组织缺损，保留会厌或环状软骨板重建喉功能。全部患者均接受术后放射治疗（5000－6000cGy)。结果 全组病例3年生存率86．4％（19／22），5年生存率75．0％（15／20）。喉功能恢复（吞咽保护、呼吸、发音）为68．2％（15／22），喉功能部分恢复（吞咽保护、发音）31．8％（7／22）。结论 T4声门癌尽管可累及喉软骨和喉外组织，但经仔细选择的病例在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下保留喉功能是可行的。     

应用颏下皮瓣修复下咽癌术后缺损的临床探讨

目的探讨颏下皮瓣修复下咽癌术后缺损和喉功能重建的临床价值。方法应用颏下皮瓣修复下咽癌术后缺损及喉功能重建术16例。结果术后16例皮瓣全部成活。病人吞咽及发音功能恢复良好,11例病人拔除气管套管,5例未拔管。随访1~4.5年,2例术后同侧颈部淋巴结复发,1例术后对侧颈部淋巴结复发,1例术后1年肝转移死亡;无下咽局部复发者。结论颏下皮瓣具有位置邻近、厚薄适宜、柔软、成活率高等优点,是适宜的下咽缺损修复材料。     

保留喉功能的下咽癌手术

目的　探讨下咽癌保留喉功能手术的可行性、技术操作及疗效。方法　回顾性分析１９７８ ～１９９６ 年间３０５ 例（ 男２７９,女２６;年龄１４ ～７７ 岁） 经手术治疗的下咽恶性肿瘤（１９８７ 年ＵＩＣＣ分期：Ｉ期６ 例;ＩＩ期１２ 例;ＩＩＩ期８２ 例;ＩＶ期２０５ 例） ,其中梨状窝癌２３４ 例,环后癌２１ 例,下咽后壁区癌３５ 例,下咽上区癌１５ 例。２０６ 例（６７．５４ ％ ,分期：Ｉ期６ 例;ＩＩ期１２ 例;ＩＩＩ期６５ 例;ＩＶ期１２３ 例） 作了喉功能保留手术,９９ 例（３３．４６％ ,ＩＩＩ期１７ 例;ＩＶ期８２ 例） 未保留喉功能。术后根据需要给予放射治疗（２８５ 例） ,剂量５５～７５Ｇｙ。结果　３０５ 例总５ 年生存率为４４．８％ （８６／１９２）。各期分别为Ｉ期８３％ ;ＩＩ期７１％ ;ＩＩＩ期５８％ ;ＩＶ期３６ ％ 。２０６ 例喉功能保留组,喉功能（ 呼吸、发音及吞咽保护） 全恢复１３９ 例（６７．５％ ） ;部分（ 发音及吞咽保护）恢复６７ 例（３２．５％ ） ;５ 年生存率为４８％ （６６ 例） 。保留喉功能组与不保留喉功能组的５ 年生存率、并发症、肿瘤残存率及术后吞咽成功率,经统计学分析差异均无显著性。结论　只有较少数下咽癌患者需     

保留喉功能的下咽癌手术

目的探讨下咽癌保留喉功能手术的可行性、技术操作及疗效。方法回顾性分析１９７８－１９９６年间３０５例（男２７９,妇女６;年龄１４－７７岁）经手术治疗的下咽恶性肿瘤（１９８７年ＵＩＣＣ分期：Ⅰ期６例;Ⅱ期１２例;Ⅲ期８２例;Ⅳ期２０５例）,其中梨状窝癌２３４例,环后癌２１例,下咽后壁区癌３５例,下咽上区癌１５例。２０６例（６７．５４％,分期：Ｉ期６例;Ⅱ期１２例;Ⅲ期６５例;Ⅳ期１２３例）作了喉功能保     

下咽后壁癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨下咽后壁癌手术切除及术后组织缺损不同修复重建方法的经验和疗效。方法：1992年2月至2004年4月山东大学齐鲁医院耳鼻咽喉－头颈外科手术治疗下咽后壁癌35例,其中20例（Ⅰ期2例、Ⅱ期7例、Ⅲ期8例、Ⅳ期3例）保留全部或部分喉功能,15例（Ⅲ期2例、Ⅳ期13例）未保留喉功能。19例行单侧择区性或改良根治性颈清扫,15例行双侧颈清扫。采用咽前切开进路或咽侧入路,完整切除肿瘤后修复下咽缺损。33例患者术后接受放射治疗。结果：35例下咽癌患者术后全部恢复吞咽功能,20例保留喉功能者术后均获得发音功能,其中15例拔除气管套管。3年、5年生存率分别为44.4％（12/27）、31.6％（6/19）。结论：手术治疗可一期切除下咽后壁癌并整复下咽缺损,T1、T2期和经选择的T3、T4期肿瘤患者可保留喉功能。根据病变具体情况,应用局部黏膜牵拉缝合、裂层皮片、胸大肌肌皮瓣、喉气管黏膜瓣、胃、结肠等方法和材料可重建咽－食管通道。     

保留喉功能的T3声门癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨T3声门癌喉功能保留手术的方法和临床疗效。方法：对75例T3声门癌患者进行手术治疗，切除肿瘤后以会厌、双蒂接力肌甲状软骨膜瓣、颈阔肌皮瓣、胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣、颈阔肌筋膜瓣、甲状软骨膜瓣等修复组织缺损并重建喉功能。结果：全组病例3年生存率83．2％，5年生存率73．6％。62例患者于术后2周～6个月拔除气管套管，拔管率为82．7％。结论：T3声门癌在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下保留喉功能是可行的。熟练掌握多种修复方法，择优采用，是恢复良好的喉功能的重要保证。