鼻腔筛窦鳞状细胞癌146例治疗分析

Objective To evaluate the treatment outcome of different therapeutic modalities for squamous cell cacinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus and prognostic factors. Methods One hundred and forty-six cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus treated from 1990 to 2007 were reviewed. Of the 146 cases,28 were at stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ ;46 stage Ⅲ ;72 stage Ⅳ. Forty-one patients were treated with preoperative radiation plus surgery( R + S) ,22 patients with surgery plus postoperative radiation ( S + R), 5 patients with surgery alone ( SA ), 78 patients with radiotherapy alone (RA). Results The overall 5 year survival rate of 146 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus was 49. 1%. The 5 year survival rate of the patients at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 95. 7% ,while the rate was 59. 8% in the patients at stage Ⅲ and 28. 2% in the patients at stage Ⅳ ( x2 = 24. 15, P < 0. 05). The 5 year survival rate was 57.7% in R+S group,60.4% in S+R group, 100% in SA group,and 38.8% in RA group,respectively(P >0. 05). The 5 years survival rate of N + patients was lower than that of NO( x2 = 12. 326,P < 0. 05). Local recurrence and distant metastasis were main causes of death. Cox analysis showed TNM stage and differentiation of tumor were independent significant prognostic factors. Conclusions The higher survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus was obtained from combined therapy R + S or S + R. SA gave ideal results for early lesions(stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ ).     

鼻腔筛窦鳞状细胞癌146例治疗分析

Objective To evaluate the treatment outcome of different therapeutic modalities for squamous cell cacinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus and prognostic factors. Methods One hundred and forty-six cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus treated from 1990 to 2007 were reviewed. Of the 146 cases,28 were at stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ ;46 stage Ⅲ ;72 stage Ⅳ. Forty-one patients were treated with preoperative radiation plus surgery( R + S) ,22 patients with surgery plus postoperative radiation ( S + R), 5 patients with surgery alone ( SA ), 78 patients with radiotherapy alone (RA). Results The overall 5 year survival rate of 146 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus was 49. 1%. The 5 year survival rate of the patients at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 95. 7% ,while the rate was 59. 8% in the patients at stage Ⅲ and 28. 2% in the patients at stage Ⅳ ( x2 = 24. 15, P < 0. 05). The 5 year survival rate was 57.7% in R+S group,60.4% in S+R group, 100% in SA group,and 38.8% in RA group,respectively(P >0. 05). The 5 years survival rate of N + patients was lower than that of NO( x2 = 12. 326,P < 0. 05). Local recurrence and distant metastasis were main causes of death. Cox analysis showed TNM stage and differentiation of tumor were independent significant prognostic factors. Conclusions The higher survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and ethmoid sinus was obtained from combined therapy R + S or S + R. SA gave ideal results for early lesions(stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ ).     

喉癌单纯放疗失败挽救性喉切除术远期疗效及预后分析

目的 探讨喉癌单纯放疗后原发灶及颈部淋巴结残留和复发患者实施挽救性手术治疗的远期疗效及预后影响因素.方法 对72例患者进行回顾性分析,包括:放疗后原发灶及颈部复发22例,放疗后原发灶及颈部残留50例.均实施喉全切除术+经典性颈清扫术或改良性颈清扫术.应用Kaplan-Meier法计算手术后总生存率,采用Log-rank检验单因素分析临床因素对预后的影响,对影响生存率的有关因素采用Cox模型进行多因素分析.结果 实施挽救性手术的并发症发生率41 7%,其中咽瘘发生率20 8%.术后5年内肿瘤再次复发率34 7%(25/72),远处转移率22 2%(16/72),第二原发癌发生率6.9%(5/72).术后的3、5年生存率为45 8%和36 1%.复发癌N分期(rN)、肿瘤放疗失败类型、切缘情况、浸润深度、有无颈淋巴转移、淋巴结包膜侵犯和颈部非淋巴结构侵犯与患者的预后有关(P值均<0.05).多因素分析结果表明:肿瘤放疗失败类型、切缘情况、肿瘤浸润深度是影响患者预后的独立危险因素.结论 喉癌患者单纯放疗失败后应以手术挽救为主.对于术前及术中发现肿瘤侵犯肌肉及软骨的病例,特别是对根治性放疗效果不佳而肿瘤残留者,术中应充分估计肿瘤的范围,并冰冻病理检查切缘,以保证足够的安全切缘,提高挽救性手术的成功率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate survival outcomes of salvage surgery preformed for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma that recurred or progressed after radiotherapy alone. Methods A review of 72 patients who underwent salvage laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer failed in initial radiation therapy between 1996 and 2005 was performed. The tumor persistence occurred in 50 cases and recurrence in 22 cases. All patients received salvage total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection. Survival analysis was performed by using Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model. Results Thirty patients developed a postoperative complication after salvage surgery. Pharyngocutaneous fistula occurred in 15 (20. 8 % ) patients. During 5 years after salvage surgery, the rates of tumor recurrence, distant metastasis and second malignancy were 34.7% , 22. 2% and 6. 9% , respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that overall 3 year and 5 year survival rates of those patients after operation were 45. 8% and 36. 1% ,respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that N restage, tumor persistence/recurrences after radiotherapy,surgical margin status, level of tumor invasion, pathologic N stage, extracapsular nodal spread and invasion of nonlymphatic structures were significantly associated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed the most significant prognostic factors were tumor persistence or recurrence after radiotherapy, surgical margin status and level of tumor invasion. Conclusions Surgical salvage remains the gold standard for management after failure of initial radiation therapy. The extent of tumor invasion must be assessed sufficiently before operation, and the surgical margin status must be identified in operation by using a frozen sectioning approach, especially in patients with tumor invasion to muscle/cartilage and tumor persistence after radiotherapy.     

Human Papillomavirus as an Independent Predictor in Oral Squamous Cell Cancer

Aim There is an increasing evidence for the role of high risk human papillomavirus （HPV） in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC）. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relevance of HPV infection to the survival and prognosis of OSCC. Methodology Fifty-two patients with OSCC were followed from 4 to 88 months with a median of 50.7 months. HPV DNA was identified in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens by nested PCR with MY09/MY11 and GP5^＋/GP6^＋ primer pairs and the HPV genotype was determined by direct DNA sequencing. Association between the HPV status and risk factors for cancer as well as tumor-host characteristics were analyzed.Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed using the log-rank test. Results HPV was found in 40.4% of the tumors with HPV16 accounting for 63.5%, HPV18 for 30.8%, HPV6 for 3.9% and HPVll for 1.8%. No infection with more than one HPV genotype was detected. HPV infection was significantly associated with poor histological grade, TNM stage Ⅰ -Ⅱ, alcohol usage and no smoking status. Multivariate analysis showed that HPV had an independent prognostic effect on the overall survival after adjusting other confounding factors such as histological grade, TNM stage and tobacco usage. The presence of HPV was significantly correlated with a better survival in patients with OSCC. Conclusion HPV infection can act as an independent predictor for the survival and prognosis of OSCC.     

上颌窦鳞状细胞癌60例临床分析

Objective To study the clinical characters, treatment modalities and prognosis of patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 60 patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma treatment between January 1994 and December 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were treated with three therapy modalities including radiotherapy alone(22 cases) ,radiotheraphy and surgery( R +S, 29 cases)and concurrent chemo-radio-therapy adjuvant surgery (CCR + S, 9 cases).Results The five year survival rate were 18.2%, 51.7% and 33.3% for patients in the radiotherapy alone group, the R + S group and the CCR + S group, respectively. Patients receiving R + S combined modality therapy had a significantly higher five year survival rate than the patients who were treated radiotherapy alone ( λ2 = 15.62, P <0.01 ). The five year survival rate(51.7% ) of patients in R + S group was significantly higher than that (33. 3% ) of patients in CCR + S group ( λ2 = 4. 28, P < 0.05 ), and also higher than that ( 18. 2% ) of patients in radiotherapy group( λ2 =9.49 ,P <0. 01 ). Conclusions The combined therapy of radiation and surgery was a good choice of treatment for the patients with maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. The role of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy adjuvant surgery in the treatment of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma needs further to research.     

上颌窦鳞状细胞癌60例临床分析

Objective To study the clinical characters, treatment modalities and prognosis of patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 60 patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma treatment between January 1994 and December 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were treated with three therapy modalities including radiotherapy alone(22 cases) ,radiotheraphy and surgery( R +S, 29 cases)and concurrent chemo-radio-therapy adjuvant surgery (CCR + S, 9 cases).Results The five year survival rate were 18.2%, 51.7% and 33.3% for patients in the radiotherapy alone group, the R + S group and the CCR + S group, respectively. Patients receiving R + S combined modality therapy had a significantly higher five year survival rate than the patients who were treated radiotherapy alone ( λ2 = 15.62, P <0.01 ). The five year survival rate(51.7% ) of patients in R + S group was significantly higher than that (33. 3% ) of patients in CCR + S group ( λ2 = 4. 28, P < 0.05 ), and also higher than that ( 18. 2% ) of patients in radiotherapy group( λ2 =9.49 ,P <0. 01 ). Conclusions The combined therapy of radiation and surgery was a good choice of treatment for the patients with maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. The role of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy adjuvant surgery in the treatment of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma needs further to research.     

梨状窝癌术前同步放化疗对手术并发症影响的临床研究

目的 比较梨状窝癌术前同步放化疗与术前单纯放疗的术后并发症及喉保留率.方法 回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院2002年3月至2009年3月治疗的梨状窝鳞癌,共46例,根据是否同步化疗分为两组:术前同步放化疗组,共23例,采用顺铂单药50 mg每周一次的方案,21～44 d(中位数31 d)后手术;术前单纯放疗组,共23例,17～40 d(中位数28 d)后手术.结果 术前同步放化疗组和术前单纯放疗组手术并发症发生率分别30.4%和39.1%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.099,P＞0.05).1年喉保留率两组分别为52.2%和17.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.133,P＜0.05);术前同步放化疗组和术前单纯放疗组的1年局部区域控制率和无瘤生存率分别为89.9%、56.3%和71.1%、47.1%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2分别为5.606和4.335,P值均＜0.05).结论 术前同步放化疗并未明显增加手术后并发症发生率,对增加局部缓解率和提高喉保留率有积极的作用;术前同步放化疗能提高局部和区域控制率,减少局部及颈部复发,但尚需积累更多的资料进一步分析.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the surgery complications and laryngeal function sparing rate after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy of pyriform sinus cancer.Methods Forty-six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of pyriform sinus from March 2002 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Concurrent chemotherapy with radiotherapy (CRT + S group) was conducted in twenty-three patients.Cisplatin (50 mg/weekly)was mostly applied.Twenty-three patients were treated with radiation only (RT + S group).Surgery was conducted after a break-time of 21 - 44 days (median,31 d)and 17 -40 days (median,28 d),respectively.Results The complication rate of CRT + S group and RT + S group were 30.4％ and 39.1％ respectively,no significant differences was found (χ2 =0.099,P ＜0.05).The one-year laryngeal function sparing rate of the two groups were 52.2％ and 17.4％ respectively ,with significant differences(χ2 = 6.133,P ＜ 0.05).The one-year local regional control rate and disease free survival rate for the CRT + S group were 89.9％,71.1％ ,and for RT + S group were 56.3％,47.1％,P level were 0.018 and 0.037,respectively.There was significant differences in one year local regional control rate and disease free survival rate between the two groups.Conclusion The addition of concurrent chemotherapy to preoperative radiotherapy in patients with pyriform sinus cancer does not increase the incidence of surgery complications.Chemotherapy improves the remission rate and appears to increase the laryngeal function sparing rate. Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy can improve the local and regional control,and certainly,more investigations will be needed.     

鼻咽癌局部复发或残留患者挽救手术进路的选择

目的 根据鼻咽癌局部复发和残留累及的部位和范围,选择不同手术进路切除肿瘤,观察治疗效果、并发症,并观察其预后.方法 回顾性分析从1991年3月至2005年1月因首次治疗失败、手术挽救治疗的鼻咽癌患者37例,男23例,女14例;年龄26～57岁,中位年龄46.5岁.Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期10例,Ⅲ期14例,Ⅳ期9例.5例患者颈部淋巴结复发.37例患者经活检证实为鼻咽癌复发和残留.行鼻内镜手术8例,硬腭进路12例,上颌骨外翻进路5例,上颌骨外翻进路+翼点入路4例,鼻侧切+冠状切口双额开颅进路2例,面中部切口鼻锥体翻转进路6例.其中5例同时行颈淋巴清扫术.31例术后2周放疗60 Gy,其中放疗同期化疗15例;6例切缘组织为阴性者未予放疗及化疗.中位随访时间45个月(12～72个月).Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率.结果91.8%(34/37)患者复发肿瘤完全切除,次全切除8.2%(3/37).手术并发症发生率24.3%(9/37).总的3年和5年无瘤生存率分别为62.1%和43.3%.总的3年和5年生存率分别为72.9%和51.3%.Ⅰ～Ⅳ期复发患者的5年无瘤生存率分别为100%、40%、28%和1l%(χ2=10.0,P＜0.01＝,5年累积生存率为100%、70%、35%和28%(χ2=11.5,P＜0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论鼻咽癌复发手术挽救治疗是可行的.根据鼻咽癌复发灶具体部位和范围,采用一种手术进路方法或加以改良,或联合神经外科进路,术中使肿瘤充分暴露,可以安全切除病变,挽救局部复发晚期鼻咽癌患者.

Abstract：

Objective The choice of surgical approaches for salvage surgery based on the location and invasion of recurrent and residual lesions of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),surgical results,complications,and survival were assessed.Methods Thirty-seven cases with recurrent and residual lesions of NPC underwent salvage surgery between March 1991 and January 2005 were analysed retrospectively.Of 37 patients,23 were men and 14 women,with a median age of 46.5 years (26 -57 years) ;4 were at stage Ⅰ,10 at stage Ⅱ,14 at stage Ⅲ,and 9 at stage Ⅳ; 5 cases were with cervical metastasis,including 3 cases of N1 and 2 cases N2.All recurrent and residual lesions of NPC were determined by biopsy.On the location and invasion of recurrent and residual lesions of NPC,8 cases underwent endoscopic resection of lesions,12 cases of the palate nasopharyngectomy,5 cases of maxillary swing,4 cases of maxillary swing plus preronal approach,2 cases of lateral rhinotomy plus coronalflap approach,and 6 cases transfacial plus nasal pyramid swing approach.Five cases with cervical metastasis received neck dissection in addition to the operations for recurrent and residual lesions of NPC. Postoperatively 31 cases received radiotherapy with dosage of 60 Gy,among them 15 cases with concurrent chemoradiation therapy,and 6 cases with clear surgical margin did not received radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The cases were followed up for 12 - 72 months,with a median of 45 months.Results Total resection for the recurrent and residual lesions of NPC acounted for 91.8% (34/37) and subtotal resection for 8.2% (3/37). The accidence of perioperative complications was 24.3% (9/37). The 3- and 5-year overall disease-free survival rates (DFSR) were 62.1% and 43.3%,respectively. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates (OSR) were 72.9% and 51.3%,respectively.The 5 year DFSR of cases at stage Ⅰ - Ⅳ were 100%,40%,28% and 11% (χ2 =10.0,P ＜0.01＝,respectively.The 5 year OSR were 100%,70%,35% and 28% (χ2 = 11.5,P ＜0.01),respectively.Conclusions Salvage surgery is a justified treatment for the recurren and residual lesions of NPC,by which some patients with recurren and residual lesions of NPC can be salvaged.     

上颌窦腺样囊性癌的临床诊治研究

目的 探讨上颌窦腺样囊性癌的临床特点、治疗方法、预后以及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾分析1975-2009年80例上颌窦腺样囊性癌的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank检验和Cox回归检验模型进行生存分析和预后因素分析.结果 总5、10、15年累积生存率和无瘤生存率分别为65.2%、37.1%、26.3%和50.7%、30.7%、24.5%.总5、10、15年累积局部控制率为68.5%、47.3%、47.3%,累积远处转移率为32.8%、48.8%、48.8%.T分期较晚和单一方法治疗对预后有显著影响(P值均<0.05).综合治疗的局部控制率高于单一治疗(χ2=18.33,P<0.01),且术后放疗效果好于术前放疗(χ2=6.64,P<0.05);术前放疗剂量≥60 Gy和放疗后手术切缘阴性的局部控制率好于放疗剂量<60 Gy和切缘阳性的患者(χ2=5.06,P<0.05).局部复发占患者死亡原因的62.8%.Cox多因素分析显示综合治疗显著提高了患者的生存率和局部控制率(P值均<0.05).结论 局部复发是导致上颌窦腺样囊性癌治疗失败的主要原因.手术加放疗是最佳治疗方式,以术后放疗为首选方案.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinical characters, the outcomes of treatments and the factors affecting long-term treatment results of adenoid cystic carcinoma ( ACC) of the maxillary sinus. Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with ACC of the maxillary sinus treated initially were analyzed retrospectively. Survival rate, local recurrence and distant metastasis were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Prognosis factors were analyzed by Log-rank test and Cox regression. Results The 5-, 10- and 15-year cumulative overall survival rates were 65. 2% , 37. 1% , 26. 3% respectively and 5-, 10-, and 15-year disease-free survival rates 50.7% ,30.7% and 24.5% respectively. The 5-, 10- and 15-year cumulative local control rates were 68. 5% ,47. 3% and 47. 3% respectively and the cumulative distant metastasis rate were 32. 8% , 48. 8% and 48.8% respectively. Prognostic factors affecting survival included T stage, pathologic grade and the modes of treatment ( P < 0. 05). Patients with combined therapy composed of surgery and radiation had a better local control, compared with surgery or radiation alone ( χ2 = 18. 33, P < 0. 01 ), and surgery combined with postoperative radiation was prior to preoperative radiation combined with surgery ( χ2 = 6. 64 ,P < 0. 05). Patients treated with surgery combined with preoperative radiation, either with doses of ≥60 Cy or with negative margins, had a better local control, compared with doses < 60 Gy and with positive margins ( χ2 = 5. 06, P < 0.05 ) . The most of patients ( 62. 8% ) died of local recurrence. Conclusions The most of failure was due to recurrence. Combined therapy composed of surgery and radiation improves the local control and survival in patients with ACC of the maxillary sinus, compared with surgery or radiation alone. Surgery combined with postoperative radiation provides the best overall survival and local control and should be the first choice of treatments.     

CO2激光手术治疗喉癌的并发症分析

目的 总结CO2激光手术治疗喉癌的并发症发生情况,分析影响并发症发生的相关因素,并提出相应的预防措施.方法 总结分析北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科1992年8月至2008年12月激光手术治疗的912例喉癌患者临床资料.声门上型喉癌35例,声门型喉癌877例,声门型喉癌中原位癌(Tis)53例,T1 659例,T2 158例,T3 7例.术后随访2～18年,中位随访时间9.3年.结果 912例患者中,824例存活,失访29例(按死亡计算),死亡59例.直接法统计总的局部复发率为9.4%(86/912),3年生存率95.6%(775/811),5年生存率87.9%(518/589).83例(9.1%)出现手术相关并发症,其中声门上型喉癌中并发症发生率17.1%(6/35),声门型喉癌8.8%(77/877),两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.85,P＞0.05).声门型喉癌中,原位癌并发症发生率为5.7%(3/53),T1为7.8%(51/659),T2为13.3%(21/158),T3为28.6%(2/7),组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.97,P＜0.05＝.病变侵犯前联合的并发症发生率为12.8%(31/242),未侵犯前联合为7.2%(46/635),组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.78,P＜0.05＝.Ⅱ型手术患者并发症发生率为3.8%(4/105),Ⅲ型为7.0%(20/287),Ⅳ型为9.7%(22/226),Ⅴ型为12.0%(31/259),组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.96,P＜0.05＝.结论 全麻下显微喉镜激光手术治疗喉癌在术中、术后存在潜在风险和并发症,并发症的发生与原发肿瘤的部位范围和手术切除的范围和深度有关,需要采取积极的预防措施.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the complications of CO2 laser surgery in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma,to analyze related factors and to propose preventive measures.Methods Retrospective analysis of 912 cases of laryngeal carcinoma(35 cases of supraglottic cancer and 877 cases of glottic cancer)treated only with laser surgery in Tongren Hospital was carried out.Among the glottic cancer,carcinoma in situ (Tis),T1,T2 and T3 were 53,659,158 and 7 cases.The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 18 years,with a median follow-up time of 9.3 years.Results Of 912 cases,824 cases were still alive,29 cases failed to be followed-up(taken into dead number),and 59 cases were dead.The recurrent rate was 9.4%(86/912).Three year survival rate was 95.6% (775/811)and five year survival rate was 87.9%(518/589).The incidence of surgery complications was 9.1% (83/912).Incidence of complications in supraglottic carcinoma and glottic carcinoma were 17.1% (6/35) and 8.8% (77/877),respectively,with no difference between the two groups (χ2 = 2.85,P ＞ 0.05).Incidence of complications of Tis,T1,T2 and T3 cases of glottic cancer were 5.7% (3/53),7.8% (51/659),13.3% (21/158) and 28.6% (2/7)respectively,with significant difference (χ2 = 8.97,P ＜ 0.05).Incidence of complications of glottic carcinoma with and without anterior commissure indision were 12.8% (31/242) and 7.2% (46/635)respectively,with significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 6.78,P ＜ 0.05) .Incidence of complications in the patients underwent type Ⅱ ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ cordectomy were 3.8% (4/105),7.0%(20/287),9.7% (22/226) and 12.0% (31/259) respectively,with significant difference (χ2 =7.96,P ＜0.05).Conclusions There are some potential risks and complications intra- and post-operatively,according to the sites and extent of the primary tumors and the range and depth of removed tissues.It needs to take active preventive measures to reduce the incidence of complications.     

Survival analysis of laryngeal carcinoma without laryngectomy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy

This study aimed at investigating the survival rate and prognostic factors of laryngeal carcinoma patients in the absence of the use of laryngectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. A total of 167 cases of laryngeal carcinoma without the use of laryngectomy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Surveyed items included age, smoking history, tumor family history, tuberculosis history, primary site, pathological grade, T-stage, N-stage, clinical stage, and whether tracheotomy had been performed. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. For univariate analysis, comparison among/between groups was performed using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out using the Cox proportional hazard model. Overall median survival time was 16?±?1.44?months, and overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 56.4 and 26.5%, respectively. No patient survived over 5?years in cases diagnosed for more than 5?years (except for cases that were lost). The median survival time of clinical stage 0/I/II was 28?±?3.81?months, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 79.3 and 59.3%, respectively; the median survival time of III/IV clinical stages was 11?±?1.32?months, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 45.5 and 10.6%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that primary site, pathological grade, T-stage, N-stage, and clinical stage were significant prognostic factors for the survival of the patients (P?<?0.05). Whether tracheotomy had been performed was not significant for affecting survival rates. Multivariate analysis showed survival rates were statistically correlated with T-stage and N-stage (P?<?0.05). The development of laryngeal carcinoma course was faster, without treatment to the tumor itself, even if palliative surgery such as tracheostomy would not improve the survival rate. In laryngeal carcinoma patients with no surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the factors affecting the survival rates include primary site, pathological grade, T-stage, N-stage, and clinical stage, and of them, T-stage and N-stage are the independent prognostic factors.     

215例喉癌病人生存时间的影响因素分析

目的分析影响喉癌术后病人生存时间的临床因素。方法回顾本院1992~1997年215例喉癌切除术后病人的临床及随访资料,选择26项可能对喉癌切除术后病人生存时间产生影响的临床因素,包括11项临床病理因素及15项临床症状,应用Cox比例风险模型进行生存时间单因素及多因素分析。结果应用Cox比例风险模型多因素分析显示颈廓清、吸烟、体重下降(P<0.05)及T分期、N分期、病理分化、呼吸困难、颈部包块、声嘶(P<0.01)对喉癌术后生存时间影响有统计学意义。结论颈廓清、吸烟、T分期、N分期、病理分化等临床病理因素及呼吸困难、体重下降、颈部包块、声嘶等症状是与喉癌术后生存时间相关的临床因素,临床上联合应用可以力求使喉癌切除术后病人生存时间的判断更准确。     

声门下型喉鳞状细胞癌的临床探讨

目的 探讨声门下型喉鳞状细胞癌(简称鳞癌)的临床特点、淋巴转移规律、治疗模式及预后相关因素.方法 回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院头颈外科1970-2005年初治的36例声门下型喉鳞癌患者的临床资料,其中Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期8例,Ⅳ期13例.单纯放疗8例,单纯手术18例,手术加放疗10例.分析不同分期、不同治疗方式的生存情况.采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-Rank法作差异检验,不同组间率的比较采用卡方检验.结果 除3例患者无瘤状态下失访外,其余33例均随访5年以上或至死亡.5年生存率为58.2％,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期5年生存率分别为66.7％、66.7％、62.5％、30.8％,Ⅰ～Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=3.955,P＜0.05);单纯放疗、单纯手术、手术加放疗的5年生存率分别为43.8％、66.7％、51.9％.淋巴转移率为25.0％ (9/36),阳性淋巴结主要分布在Ⅵ区,其次为Ⅱ区.NO、N+患者的5年生存率分别为66.7％、20.8％,两组差异有统计学意义(x2 =6.466,P＜0.05).结论 声门下型喉鳞癌预后相对较差.喉全切除术是该型喉鳞癌主要的治疗方式,仅部分早期患者可行单纯放疗或喉部分切除术.局部晚期患者在手术同期应行颈部Ⅱ～Ⅳ区及Ⅵ区的淋巴清扫术.     

335例喉癌患者手术治疗预后多因素分析

目的通过对335例喉癌术后生存率分析,了解影响预后的相关因素。方法收集335例初诊喉癌患者的临床和随访资料,采用χ^2检验或Fisher确切概率法单因素分析和Cox比例风险回归模型对其预后进行多因素分析。结果335例喉癌患者,5年疾病特异性生存率为73.2%,5年整体生存率为65.1%。单因素分析显示年龄、解剖分型AJCC2002年分期、手术方式、分化程度、术后并发症、术后放疗、局部复发和术后颈部转移组间生存分布的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;多因素分析显示局部复发、术后颈部转移、年龄、术后放疗和声带活动是影响患者生存的独立危险因素。结论局部复发、术后颈部转移、年龄、术后放疗和声带活动是影响患者生存率的主要因素,早期诊断、坚持术后随访是提高患者生存率的关键。     

喉癌中血管生成素-2和基质金属蛋白酶-7的表达及临床意义

目的：研究喉癌组织中血管生成素-2（Ang-2）和基质金属蛋白酶-7（MMP-7）的表达情况及临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学SP法检测65例喉癌及34例癌旁喉黏膜组织中Ang-2和MMP-7的表达,分析Ang-2和MMP-7表达与喉癌浸润、转移和预后的关系。结果：喉癌组织中Ang-2和MMP-7表达的阳性率均明显高于癌旁喉黏膜组织（均P〈0．05）,且Ang-2表达与肿瘤T分期及临床分期相关（均P〈0．05）,MMP-7表达与肿瘤T分期、淋巴结转移以及临床分期相关（均P〈0．05）,而二者表达与患者年龄、病程、吸烟、饮酒、病理分化程度及临床分型无关（均P〉0．05）。喉癌组织中Ang-2和MMP-7表达存在正相关性（P〈0．05）。Kaplan—Meier生存分析显示Ang2表达与患者总生存率有密切关系（P〈0．05）,而与无瘤生存率未见明显关系（P〉0．05）;MMP-7表达与总生存率及无瘤生存率均未见明显关系（P〉0．05）。Cox回归分析显示Ang-2和MMP-7阳性表达为喉癌独立的预后因素。结论：喉癌组织中存在Ang-2和MMP-7的高表达,两者可作为临床上判断喉癌生物学行为、评估预后的客观指标。     

扁桃体癌治疗及预后因素分析

目的 回顾性分析扁桃体癌的治疗疗效,并探讨影响扁桃体癌的预后因素.方法 1997年4月至2008年4月中山大学肿瘤防治中心共收治经病理证实、无远处转移的扁桃体癌61例,其中末分化癌2例,低分化鳞癌26例,中高分化鳞癌33例.根据AJCC2002年第6版分期标准,Ⅰ期9例,Ⅱ期7例,Ⅲ期23例,Ⅳ期22例.27例患者行单纯放疗,23例行放疗联合化疗,6例行手术联合术后放疗,诱导化疗加手术联合术后放疗3例,放疗后外科挽救加化疗2例.结果 随访率为96.7%.Kaplan-Metier方法 计算全组5年总生存率为50.2%.16例Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者中,8例行单纯放疗,5年生存率为50.0%,6例行手术联合术后放疗,5年生存率为83.3%,二者差异无统计学意义(P=0.318).45例Ⅲ-Ⅳ期患者,单纯放疗19例,5年生存率为51.5%,放疗联合化疗21例,5年生存率为36.4%,手术联合放疗为主的治疗5例,5年生存率为75.0%,三者差异无统计学意义(P=0.239).T1-T4期5年生存率分别为91.8%、46.8%、29.1%、0%(χ~2=30.168,P<0.001).Cox多因素分析显示T分期、治疗结束时原发灶和颈部转移淋巴结疗效为影响预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 局部早期(Ⅰ-Ⅱ期)扁桃体癌的治疗,基于器官功能保全原则,倾向于选择单纯放疗,局部晚期(Ⅲ-Ⅳ期)扁桃体癌的治疗模式与疗效的关系仍需进一步研究.T分期、治疗结束时原发灶和颈部转移淋巴结疗效为影响预后的独立危险因素.     

Analysis of prognostic factors for Tis-2N0M0 early glottic cancer with different treatment methods

IntroductionIn many regions, laryngeal carcinoma is a common upper respiratory tract cancer, most commonly involving the glottic region. The treatment of early glottic cancer includes radiotherapy, open surgery and laryngeal laser microsurgery. However, the preferred treatment for early glottic cancer is still controversial.ObjectivesTo study the factors affecting the 5-year survival rate of T_is-2N₀M₀ early glottis cancer and to demonstrate the oncological safety of different treatments.Methods144 patients with early glottic cancer were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were clinically node negative. 53 patients underwent open surgery, transoral CO₂ laser microsurgery in 46 cases and radiotherapy in 45 cases. The patients were followed up for 26 ? 84 months, with an average follow-up period of 62.9 months.ResultsThe 5-year overall survival was 82.6%. The 5 year survival rates of open surgery, laser microsurgery and radiotherapy were 83.0%, 82.6% and 82.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival rate among the three treatments (p = 0.987). In multivariate analysis, age, T-stage, pathological grading, and anterior commissure involvement were important prognostic factors for early glottic cancer.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in 5 year survival rate among patients treated by either radiotherapy, laser microsurgery or open surgery for early glottic cancer. We urge more attention to the age, T-stage, pathological grade, and anterior commissure involvement of the patients.     

老龄喉癌患者手术治疗远期疗效分析

目的：探讨老龄喉癌患者手术疗效及预后因素。方法：≥65岁的喉癌患者110例中,行喉部分切除术62例,喉全切除环咽吻合术（Arslan术）8例,喉全切除术40例。53例联合放疗及化疗。结果：4例失访,5、10年生存率分别为66.6%和44.2%;5、10年无瘤生存率分别为57.0%和38.4%,中位生存期84个月。拔管率87.1%。单因素分析组织学分级、治疗模式、淋巴结转移、原发部位不同组间生存分布的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;肿瘤分期、手术方式、复发、性别不同组间生存分布的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多因素分析组织学分级及治疗模式对本组患者生存率影响较大,分化程度低及综合治疗者生存期短。结论：喉功能保全性手术是治疗老龄喉癌患者的有效方法;综合治疗者预后差,不适用于切缘阴性者。