腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

改良第四掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的：探讨用改良的第四掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：对16例新鲜肢体作血管灌注造影,发现掌背动脉指背支与指动脉背侧支在近节指背中段相吻合。设计以指固有动脉背侧支为蒂的第四掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复环,小指软组织缺损13例。供区均直接缝合。结果：13例皮瓣全部成活。术后随访3个月至1年,皮瓣质地;厚度良好。结论：该皮瓣血供可靠,切取方便,旋转弧度较长,适用于修复环、小指末节软组织缺损。     

改良掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指中末节软组织缺损

目的探讨改良掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的效果。方法采用改良带掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损12例,其中食指7例,中指3例,环指2例。皮瓣蒂部不经皮下隧道穿过,而由刃厚皮片包裹后置于皮肤之外。结果皮瓣全部存活,随访6～12月,外形及屈伸功能恢复满意。结论与传统掌背动脉皮瓣比较,改良掌背动脉皮瓣可减少蒂部压迫,操作简单,效果满意,是修复手指软组织缺损的较好方法。     

掌背U-Ⅰ型血管蒂筋膜瓣在手指中远节软组织缺损的应用

目的探讨U-Ⅰ型血管蒂筋膜瓣加游离植皮修复手指背侧中远节软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 14例(14指)手指背侧中远节软组织缺损患者,缺损范围为(2.0 cm×1.0 cm)^(4.0 cm×2.5 cm),取带掌背动脉的U-Ⅰ筋膜瓣修复创面后游离植皮,供区原位缝合。结果本组切取筋膜瓣范围为(2.2 cm×1.2 cm)^(4.5 cm×2.8 cm)。13例筋膜瓣全部成活,1例术后皮片边缘部分坏死,经换药后Ⅱ期愈合。供区均愈合良好。术后随访14例,平均8(3~18)个月。手指背侧外形丰满,不臃肿,供区外形满意,两点辨别觉平均8.5(7~11)mm;手指运动功能评价:优10例,良4例。结论 U-Ⅰ型掌背动脉筋膜瓣血管蒂长,转移覆盖范围较大,供区影响小,术后外形良好,是修复示、中、环指背侧中远节软组织缺损的一种较好的方法 。     

改良第二掌背动脉皮瓣修复示中指中末节套脱伤

目的 探讨应用第二掌背动脉(second dorsal metacarpal artery,SDMA)逆行岛状皮瓣修复示、中指中末节皮肤套状撕脱伤的方法及疗效.方法 2004年5月至2010年1月,收治17例示指或中指中末节皮肤套状撕脱伤患者.采用SDMA岛状皮瓣进行修复,并缝合指背神经.皮瓣切取面积为2.5 cm×5.6 cm～5.0cm×6.5 cm,供区创面行游离植皮.结果 术后2例皮瓣远端出现张力性水泡,表皮结痂,经换药后愈合;其余皮瓣顺利存活.皮瓣及供区植皮切口均Ⅰ期愈合.术后17例获得4～27个月的随访,平均15.3个月.皮瓣质地柔软,外观饱满无臃肿.两点分辨觉为7～11 mm,平均8.6 mm.手功能按手指总主动活动度(total active movement,TAM)法评定:优8指,良7指,可2指;优良率为88.2%.结论 缝合指背神经的改良SDMA逆行岛状皮瓣,皮瓣切取面积足够覆盖示、中指中末节套状撕脱伤皮肤缺损创面,皮瓣血运可靠,手术安全,是一种较好的手术方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the operative procedure and the clinical results of the modified reversed island flap based on the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) for repairing index or long finger degloving defects.Methods From May 2004 to January 2010, circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx of the index or long fingers in 17 patients were repaired by the modified reversed island flaps based on SDMA.The dorsal digital nerve in the flap was coapted to the severed proper digital nerve.The area of the flaps ranged from 2.5 cm × 5.6 cm to 5.0 cm × 6.5 cm.The donor sites were closed by skin graft.Results Postoperatively blister and necrosis of the distal flap occurred in 2 cases which was cured by dressing change.All the other flaps survived uneventfully.Primary healing of the flaps and donor sites was achieved.All 17 patients were follow-up for 4 to 27 months with an average of 15.3 months.The flaps were pliable, full but not bulky.Two-point discrimination was 7 to 11 mm (mean 8.6 mm).Hand function as judged by the total active range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 8 fingers, good in 7 fingers and fair in 2 fingers.The satisfactory rate was 88.2%.Conclusion Modified SDMA reversed island flap transfer with dorsal digital nerve coaptation is an ideal procedure to repair index or long finger degloving injuries.The area of the harvested flap is large enough to cover the circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx.The surgery is safe due to the reliable flap circulation.     

掌背动脉皮支蒂逆行筋膜皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损

目的 评价应用掌背动脉皮支蒂逆行筋膜皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损的方法及临床疗效.方法 对38例手指皮肤缺损伴指骨或肌腱外露的患者,分别采用第2、3、4掌背动脉皮支蒂逆行筋膜皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积为2.0 cm×4.5 m～3.0cm×8.0cm.结果 术后38例38指皮瓣全部存活.随访时间为6个月至3年,皮瓣外形优良,不臃肿,两点分辨觉为5～9mm,手指功能恢复良好.供区掌背留有线形瘢痕,少许色素沉着.结论 掌背动脉皮支蒂逆行筋膜皮瓣切取方便,损伤小,不牺牲主干动脉,皮瓣切取范围大,可修复指尖创面,是修复手指皮肤缺损的良好方法.     

第Ⅱ掌背动脉蒂掌背岛状皮瓣

介绍一种改良第Ⅱ掌背动脉皮瓣的新术式。方法　应用以第Ⅱ掌背动脉远端为蒂的旋转点的掌背岛状皮瓣,修复拇指创面７例,皮瓣面积１ｃｍ ×３ｃｍ～２ｃｍ ×４ｃｍ,血管蒂长６～７ｃｍ。结果 ７例皮瓣均成活,效果满意。结论当指背皮肤同时受损,而难以应用示、中指背岛状皮瓣时,可用此手部小型岛状皮瓣修复拇指创面。     

掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨应用掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复食、中、环、小指近、中节皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法对26例食、中、环、小指中近节皮肤缺损的病例，采用掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复，设计的轴线为各指蹼背侧中点和两掌骨基底部汇合点连线，旋转点为距指蹼缘近侧约1．5cm，皮瓣解剖平面在深筋膜与伸肌腱之间。切取皮瓣最大为3．8cm×2.5cm，最小为1．8cm×0．8cm.结果26例全部成活，2例因血运障碍出现皮瓣远端部分坏死，经换药处理后愈合。术后随访2-10个月，皮瓣质地、外观满意，手部功能良好。结论掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣手术操作简便，损伤小，应用于手指近中节皮肤缺损的修复效果良好。     

双轴点掌背皮动脉皮瓣修复腕手指软组织缺损

目的探讨应用双轴点掌背皮动脉皮瓣修复腕或手指软组织缺损的手术方法及其疗效. 方法 1995年～2003年,通过解剖学研究发现,由掌背动脉发出的近侧及远侧皮支在皮下组织内形成恒定的弓状动脉吻合,以其近侧或远侧皮支为蒂,手背皮肤为供区,可形成顺行或逆行岛状皮瓣.临床应用了27例,采用顺行修复手背3例,皮瓣范围2.0 cm×4.0 cm～4.0 cm×6.0 cm;逆行修复手指24例,其中食指12例,中指6例,环指4例,小指2例,皮瓣范围 2.5 cm× 3.5 cm～3.0 cm×7.0 cm.供区均直接闭合. 结果术后皮瓣均成活.经1～3年随访,皮瓣外形及手功能满意,术后3个月开始恢复感觉,1年后恢复保护性感觉.供区外形及功能正常. 结论以掌背皮动脉为蒂的顺行或逆行皮瓣修复腕或手指软组织缺损,是一种较好的手术方法.     

手背U-Ⅰ型血管蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的 介绍应用手背U-Ⅰ型血管蒂岛状皮瓣修复示、中指近侧指间关节以远皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法。方法 以第一掌背动脉为皮瓣血管轴，部分桡动脉、腕背动脉弓及第二掌背动脉为血管蒂，第二掌背动脉远端为旋转点的手背U-Ⅰ型血管蒂岛状皮瓣转移修复示、中指软组织缺损11例。结果 10例皮瓣全部存活，1例因伤口感染导致皮瓣坏死。结论 该皮瓣血管蒂长，转移范围大，是治疗示、中指近侧指间关节以远掌、背侧软组织缺损的较好方法。     

Clinical application of the reversed pedicled venous flap containing perivenous areolar tissue and/or nerve in the hand.

A reversed pedicled venous flap containing perivenous areolar tissue and/or nerve was used to cover traumatic skin defects of seven fingers in six patients. The series consisted of six men, ranging in age from 20 to 57 years (average: 39 years). The reconstructed sites were four dorsal skin defects and three volar skin defects of the finger. The flap was designed on the dorsum of the hand, in such a way as to place a vein at the centre of the flap and not to involve the dorsal metacarpal artery. The flap contained a dorsal vein, perivenous areolar tissue and fascia of the interosseous muscle. Cutaneous nerves were present in three of the seven flaps. The pedicle of the flap was dissected distally to the finger web space and the flap was transferred to the skin defect. The size of the flap ranged from 1.4x4.5 cm to 6.0x7.0 cm. The average length of the pedicle was 1.6 cm. Skin grafting was needed at the donor site in one case (flap size: 6.0x7.0 cm), but primary closure was possible in the remaining cases. Postoperatively, the largest flap showed superficial necrosis, although it survived. The remaining flaps survived completely. This suggests that in a large flap the skin should be attached to the pedicle to prevent congestion. The flap can be elevated without reference to the dorsal metacarpal artery at the ulnar side of the dorsum of the hand. The flap is an effective option to reconstruct skin defects of the finger, especially the little finger.