人附睾分泌蛋白4联合CA125在卵巢恶性肿瘤与子宫内膜异位症鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血清人附睾分泌蛋白4(HE4)联合CA125水平检测在卵巢恶性肿瘤与子宫内膜异位症鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿(内异症组)46例、卵巢上皮性癌(卵巢癌组)36例、卵巢非内膜异位良性肿瘤(良性肿瘤组)60例和健康妇女(对照组)50例血清中HE4和CA125水平,结果以中位数表示.血清HFA和CA125正常值分别为0～150 pmo/L和0～35 kU/L,单独或联合检测时,其中任一指标高于正常上限即定为阳性.通过制作受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,以曲线下面积(AUC)反映诊断的准确性;以Mann-Whitney U 检验及相关性分析探讨两项指标单独或联合检测用于诊断卵巢内异症囊肿的价值.结果 (1)HE4水平:内异症、对照、良性肿瘤组妇女血清HE4水平分别为52.4、51.0、50.0 pmoL/L,3组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),卵巢癌组患者HE4水平为507.5 pmoL/L,与其他3组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)CA125水平:卵巢癌、内异症、良性肿瘤及对照组妇女血清CA125水平分别为743.0、84.9、15.4、11.5 kU/L,卵巢癌组与其他3组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).(3)单项榆测结果:卵巢癌组以内异症组为参照时,HE4和CA125笛单项检测的AUC分别0.933和0.821,其特异度为95%时的敏感度分别为79.6%和49.0%;内异症组以对照组为参照时的AUC为0.453;以良性肿瘤组为参照时的AUC为0.496.(4)联合检测结果:卵巢癌组以内异症组为参照时,HE4联合CA125检测的AUC为0.936,其特异度为95%时的敏感度为81.0%.结论 HE4水平可作为卵巢内异症囊肿的鉴别诊断依据之一,HE4联合CA125水平检测能有效鉴别卵巢内异症囊肿和卵巢恶性肿瘤.     

地诺孕素用于难治性子宫内膜异位症疼痛的临床研究

目的评价地诺孕素(DNG)对于难治性子宫内膜异位症(内异症)疼痛的临床疗效和安全性。方法本研究将难治性内异症疼痛定义为:(1)内异症相关疼痛时间≥12个月,疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)≥60 mm;(2)既往经口服避孕药、左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统等2种以上药物治疗效果不满意,VAS评分降幅<50%;或应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂、米非司酮等可控制疼痛,但停药后疼痛再次发生;(3)疼痛经手术或反复手术后,仍不能控制。本研究对2016年11月至2020年2月48例符合标准的难治性内异症疼痛患者口服DNG(2 mg/d)的治疗情况进行回顾性分析,比较用药前后VAS评分、CA125水平、雌二醇、FSH、LH、内异症病灶大小的变化,并记录副作用。结果DNG用药时间为(20.1±12.8)个月。用药3个月时VAS评分由基线的(77.9±15.8)mm显著降低至(20.8±10.7)mm(P<0.01),CA125水平由基线的(95±139)kU/L显著降低至(38±45)kU/L(P<0.05)。随着用药时间延长,疼痛缓解的治疗效果继续维持,CA125继续维持在低水平。卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿经用药12个月后囊肿最大径线由(3.1±1.0)cm显著缩小至(1.9±1.2)cm(P<0.05)。用药期间雌二醇平均水平维持在124.82~221.04 pmol/L,FSH、LH水平无明显变化。主要副作用是不规则出血(75%,36/48)。结论DNG能有效缓解内异症疼痛,且耐受性好,可作为复杂的难治性内异症疼痛患者长期治疗的选择之一。     

血清中肿瘤相关抗原自身抗体谱与CA125联合检测在卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断及病情监测中的价值

目的 评价血清中肿瘤相关抗原自身抗体谱与CA125联合检测在卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断及病情监测中的价值.方法 选择2003年8月23日至2006年3月28日间广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的卵巢恶性肿瘤患者126例(均为治疗前)、卵巢良性肿瘤患者42例,以及2003年至2006年在本院进行健康体检证实无肿瘤及免疫性和炎症性疾病的健康妇女142例,用间接ELISA法检测其血清中肿瘤相关抗原(即TM4SF1、C1D、TIZ、OV-142、FXR1、OV-189)的IgG、IgM型自身抗体,用二分类logistic回归法分析由上述自身抗体组成的自身抗体谱与CA125联合检测在卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值.另选择同期收治的24例卵巢恶性肿瘤患者,检测其治疗前、后肿瘤相关抗原自身抗体谱的变化,验证并分析自身抗体谱在卵巢恶性肿瘤病情监测中的价值.结果 卵巢恶性肿瘤患者(126例)血清中肿瘤相关抗原IgG型自身抗体的阳性率为34.1%～47.6%,非卵巢恶性肿瘤患者(184例,包括卵巢良性肿瘤患者42例和健康妇女142例)为13.0%～19.0%,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);卵巢恶性肿瘤患者血清中肿瘤相关抗原IgM型自身抗体的阳性率为39.7%～53.2%,非卵巢恶性肿瘤患者为12.0%～33.2%,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).FXR1抗原IgG型自身抗体及TIZ、FXR1、OV-189抗原IgM型自身抗体在早期(Ⅰ～Ⅱ期)卵巢恶性肿瘤患者血清中的阳性率(分别为55.3%、63.8%、61.7%、66.0%)明显高于晚期(Ⅲ～Ⅳ期)患者(分别为34.2%、39.2%、26.6%、45.6%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).由TM4SF1、C1D、FXR1抗原IgG型自身抗体及TM4SF1、TIZ抗原IgM型自身抗体组成的自身抗体谱,该抗体谱检测的敏感度为75.4%、特异度为78.3%、准确率为77.1%,与CA125单独检测(分别为61.1%、88.0%、77.1%)比较,其敏感度明显增高(P＜0.05)、特异度明显降低(P＜0.05)、准确率相当,但自身抗体谱单独检测诊断早期卵巢恶性肿瘤患者的敏感度(76.6%)明显高于CA125单独检测者(51.1%,P＜0.05);自身抗体谱与CA125联合检测诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感度为85.7%、特异度为90.8%、准确率为88.7%,均明显高于自身抗体谱单独检测(P＜0.05);而与CA125单独检测比较,其敏感度和准确率明显升高(P＜0.05),特异度稍升高(P＞0.05).24例卵巢恶性肿瘤患者治疗后血清自身抗体谱与CA125联合检测的阳性率为42%(10/24),明显低于治疗前的88%(21/24,P＜0.05).结论 自身抗体谱与CA125联合检测可提高卵巢恶性肿瘤的早期诊断率,并可用于病情监测.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of autoantibody spectrum against ovarian cancer associated antigens combine CA125 in detecting and monitoring ovarian cancer. Methods Circulating IgG, IgM autoantibodies against ovarian cancer associated antigens which included TM4SF1, C1D,TIZ, OV-142,FXR1 and OV-189 were measured by indirect ELISA in serum from 126 patients with ovarian cancer (prior treatment), 42 patients with benign ovarian masses, 142 healthy women. Cut off value of IgG, IgM autoantibodies were determined by receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve. CA125 was measured in serum by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). We evaluated the clinical value of combining multiple autoantibodies (autoantibody spectrum ), combining autoantibody spectrum with CA125 by binary logistic regresion. The positive ratio of autoantibody spectrum in serum (prior and post treatment ) of 24 synchronization patients with ovarian cancer was analyzed to evaluate the value in monitoring state of illness.Results Our data indicated that serum contains IgG, IgM autoantibodies against ovarian cancer associated antigens. The positive ratio of IgG autoantibodies in serum from ovarian cancer patients and cancer-free patients were 34. 1% - 47. 6% and 13.0% - 19. 0%, respectively ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The positive ratio of IgM autoantibodies in serum from ovarian cancer patients and cancer-free patients were 39. 7% - 53.2% and 12. 0% -33.2%, respectively (P ＜0. 05). The positive ratio of IgG autoantibodies against FXR1 and IgM autoantibodies against TIZ,FXR1 and OV-189 in early stage ( Ⅰ - Ⅱ ) ovarian cancer(55.3% ,63.8%,61.7% and 66. 0% ) were significantly higher than those in advanced ( Ⅲ - Ⅳ )ovarian cancer( 34. 2%,39. 2% ,26. 6% ,45.6%; all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Combining five autoantibodies ( TM4SF1 IgG, TM4SF1 IgM, C1D IgG, FXR1 IgG and TIZ IgM ) showed significantly improved sensitivity (75.4%, P ＜ 0. 05 ), lower specificity (78. 3% ,P ＜ 0. 05 ) and similar accuracy (77. 1%, P ＞ 0. 05 ) in detecting ovarian cancer compared to those of CA125 (61.1% ,88.0% ,77. 1% ). But the autoantibody spectrum showed significantly improved sensitivity in classifying early stage (76. 6% ), compared to those of CA125 (51.1% ,P ＜ 0. 05 ).Combining autoantibody spectrum with CA125 showed significantly improved sensitivity ( 85.7% ), specificity (90. 8% )and accuracy (88.7%) in detecting ovarian cancer compared to those of autoantibody spectrum alone ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ), while CA125 ( 61.1%, P ＜ 0. 05; 88. 0%, P ＞ 0. 05; 77. 1%, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The positive ratio of combine the autoantibody spectrum with CA125 was significantly lower in 24 post-treatment serum (42%) compared to the pairing prior treatment serum ( 88%, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Combining the autoantibody spectrum against ovarian cancer associated antigens with CA125 can improve sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in detecting early ovarian cancer and may be used to monitoring state of illness.     

曼月乐治疗子宫腺肌病合并卵巢巧克力囊肿的临床观察

目的:探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS,商品名:曼月乐)治疗子宫腺肌病合并卵巢巧克力囊肿的临床效果。方法观察11例子宫腺肌病合并卵巢巧克力囊肿的患者,放置LNG-IUS后月经情况、痛经程度、子宫内膜及体积、卵巢囊肿体积、CA125行自身前后对照。结果在放置LNG-IUS后,痛经显著缓解,6个月内子宫内膜明显变薄,子宫体积及卵巢囊肿体积在置环后没有明显的增大。结论LNG-IUS使疾病保持静止,是治疗子宫腺肌病合并卵巢巧克力囊肿的一种较为有效且安全的方法。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗子宫腺肌病75例疗效观察

目的探讨子宫腺肌病患者放置左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)后的临床效果。方法 2005年7月至2009年10月于海军总医院妇产科门诊对75例子宫腺肌病患者直接放置LNG-IUS,在放置前、放置后3、6、12、24、36个月随访观察痛经评分(视觉模糊评分法VAS)、月经量评分(PBAC)、子宫体积、CA125等多项指标。结果 VAS痛经评分、月经量PBAC评分、子宫体积、CA125均在放置1年和2年时显著低于放置前,其中子宫体积及CA125在放置3年时恢复至放环前水平。结论 LNG-IUS是治疗子宫腺肌病的一种较为有效且安全的方法,但是放置24个月后其功效可能降低。     

Persistent increase of PRL after oral contraceptive treatment

 Background: The mechanism involved in estrogen induced hyperprolactinemia is not completely known, although one of the possible theories suggest inhibition of dopaminergic tone. Our objective was to study the mechanism implied in the increment of PRL levels as a consequence of oral contraceptive treatment and possible modifications in TSH levels. Material and methods: We performed a trial on 21 healthy women, nulliparas. We administered 35 μg of Etinil-Estradiol (EE) and 2 mg of Ciproterone Acetate (CA) for a period of 12 months. Stimulation tests with Metoclopramide and TRH were carried out before treatment, after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment and finally 6 months after cessation of treatment. Results. Basal levels of PRL (×–₁=12.62 ng/ml) increased significantly (p<0.05) during the year of treatment (×–₁₂=17.04 ng/ml) and maintained higher levels 6 months after cessation (×–₁₈=17.53 ng/ml). Maximum values obtained in response to metoclopramide (×–₁=154.78) were significantly higher after 12 months (×–₁₂=173.29), persisting 6 months after cessation of treatment (×–₁₈=245.28). We also observed significant differences in the maximum response of TSH to metoclopramide during the same period of study (×–₆=2.45), (×–₁₂=2.76) and (×–₁₈=2.07) respectively (p<0.05). We did not find changes in PRL and TSH responses to TRH stimulation after a year of treatment with EE and CA. Conclusion: Treatment with EE (35 μg) and CA (2 mg) induces an increase in PRL levels that persist 6 months after cessation of treatment. Our results rule out the possibility that this increase in PRL is due to a decrease in dopaminergic tone or an increase in TRH sensitivity. Received: January 1999 / Accepted: 4 May 1999     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨输尿管子宫内膜异位症(内异症)的诊断和治疗策略.方法 1983年至2010年在北京协和医院住院且经手术证实为输尿管内异症的46例患者,分析其临床表现、辅助检查、手术方式、手术发现、病理结果、术后药物治疗、复发的处理及相关因素.结果 46例患者在本院接受了 1～2次的手术治疗,其中48%(22/46)的患者术前没有能够诊断输尿管内异症,46%(21/46)的患者没有症状或仅有痛经表现.输尿管粘连松解术和开腹手术是最主要的手术类型和手术路径,分别为72%(33/46)和63%(29/46).64%(25/39)的患者仅左侧输尿管受累,80%(37/46)为外生型输尿管内异症.87%(40/46)的患者合并盆腔内异症和子宫腺肌病.总计15%(7/46)的患者复发,术后至复发时间的中位数为24个月(13～49个月);复发后均接受再次手术治疗.仅术后是否使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂与复发有显著相关性,与术后用药的患者相比,术后没有用药的患者复发的OR值为23.2(95%CI为2.4～221.7,P=0.002).结论 输尿管内异症与生殖道内异症关系密切,发病隐匿,早期诊断困难.手术切除后盆腔深部内异症及处理卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿,对预防内异症进一步累及输尿管有意义.术后积极治疗盆腔内异症是防止复发的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate strategies of diagnosis and treatment of ureter endometriosis. Methods From 1983 to 2010, the cases registered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and confirmed as ureter endometriosis by surgery were enrolled in this study. Clinical manifestatios, preoperative examinations, surgical categories and routes, surgical and pathological findings, post-operative medical treatment, relapse and relating factors were collected and studied. Results Totally 46 patieuts with ureter endometriosis underwent one or two surgeries. Forty-eight per cent (22/46) of patients were not be diagnosed with ureter endometriosis pre-operatively, and 46% (21/46) only presented dysmenorrhea or even no symptoms. Ureterolysis (72%, 33/46) and laparotomy (63%, 29/46 ) were the most common surgical category and surgical approach. There were 64% (25/39) of patients had left ureter involved and 80% (37/46) had extrinsic ureter endometriosis. Fifteen per cent (7/46) of patients had relapsed disease with median recurrent time of 24 months (13 -49 months), and they all received second surgeries. Logistic regression analysis showed that only gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue agents were related with recurrence when compared with those patients without medical treatment post-operatively significantly ( OR =23.2, 95% CI:2. 4 -221.7, P =0. 002). Conclusions Ureter endometriosis was related with reproductive tract endometriosis. It has insidious process resulting in difficulty for early diagnosis. It's important to treat pelvic deep infiltrating endometriosis and ovarian endometrioma to prevent ureter from further involvement. Post-operative treatment of pelvic endometriosis is the key point of preventing relapse of ureter endometriosis.     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

目的 探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿(内异症囊肿)粘连程度与患者的临床特点、手术情况及术后复发的关系.方法 对2003年1月至2008年3月就诊于北京协和医院并进行了腹腔镜手术的662例卵巢内异症囊肿患者的临床资料及手术情况进行分析,按术中所见卵巢内异症囊肿与周围组织的粘连情况分为无粘连组31例,轻度粘连(卵巢周围膜状透明粘连,可钝性分离,无血管)组123例,中度粘连(卵巢内异症囊肿被包裹的范围＜1/2,粘连致密,需锐性分离,或者卵巢内异症囊肿被包裹的范围＞1/2,周围疏松粘连,可钝性分离)组310例,重度粘连(卵巢内异症囊肿被包裹的范围＞1/2,多累及卵巢周围脏器和组织,并且粘连致密,需锐性分离,可见血管生成)组198例.比较各组患者疼痛程度、疼痛性质、疼痛时间等临床特点及实验室检查结果、手术情况和术后复发情况,并进行相关危险度和多因素分析.结果 (1)临床特点:中、重度粘连组患者痛经、性交痛、肛门坠胀感、慢性盆腔痛以及CA125异常(>35 kU/L)比例较无粘连、轻度粘连组高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.000、0.001、0.006、0.000);重度粘连组中不孕患者占15.7%(31/198),高于无粘连组的3.2%(1/31)、轻度粘连组的11.4%(14/123)和中度粘连组的9.7%(30/310),分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(OR=1.728,P<0.05).(2)手术时间及出血量:手术时间无粘连组为(37±15)min,轻度粘连组为(42±19)min,中度粘连组为(50±20)min,重度粘连组为(63±22)min;术中出血量无粘连组为(23±12)ml,轻度粘连组为(31±27)ml,中度粘连组为(40±32)ml,重度粘连组为(70±67)ml.(3)合并其他部位内异症及腺肌病:中、重度粘连组患者中合并子宫腺肌病和(或)深部浸润型内异症患者比例更高(OR=3.466,P=0.000).(4)术后复发:我们将术后复发分为痛经复发和囊肿复发,粘连程度与卵巢内异症囊肿术后复发无明显相关性,但痛经的复发与粘连程度有关(OR=1.685,P=0.046).结论 卵巢内异症囊肿粘连程度越重,疼痛症状越明显,手术时间越长,出血量越多;中、重度粘连患者术后疼痛症状复发率高;粘连程度与囊肿复发率无关.     

血清CA125监测卵巢上皮性癌术后复发界值探讨

目的探讨CA125在监测卵巢上皮性癌术后复发的界值。方法回顾性总结分析四川大学华西二院2005年1月至2009年12月收治的卵巢上皮性癌170例手术后患者,未复发组135例,复发组35例,以绝经后体格检查正常的105例妇女及除卵巢恶性肿瘤之外的65例术后无复发的妇科恶性肿瘤患者作为对照组。以CA125值为5kU/L、10kU/L、15kU/L、20kU/L、25kU/L、30kU/L、35kU/L分别作为界值,比较各界值对判断卵巢上皮性癌术后复发的敏感度、特异度。结果卵巢上皮性癌术后无复发患者、绝经后妇女及妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者CA125中位数值分别为7.5kU/L、8.4kU/L、6.9kU/L;均数±标准差分别为(8.3±3.6)kU/L、(9.1±4.2)kU/L、(7.3±2.6)kU/L。以15kU/L为界值判断复发,敏感度、特异度分别为74.3%、97.0%。结论以15kU/L为CA125界值配合影像学检查监测卵巢上皮性癌术后病情变化,敏感度提高,能够早期发现微小癌灶存在,早期治疗,延长患者生存期。     

经阴道网片植入手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂的临床分析

目的 评价经阴道网片植入手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂的疗效及并发症.方法 2007年2月-2009年1月在北京大学第三医院因盆腔器官脱垂Ⅲ～Ⅳ度[据盆腔器官脱垂定量(POP-Q)分度法]采用经阴道网片植入手术的住院患者共66例,术后随访观察疗效指标,以主观症状和POP-Q测量评价主观和客观治愈率、复发率,以盆底不适调查表短表20(PFDI-20)评价手术前后患者的生命质量情况,并对并发症进行总结分析.结果 66例患者中成功放置网片65例;术后随访率为97%(63/65),随访时间为17.2个月(12～25个月).术后6个月、12个月时的主观、客观治愈率均为97%(61/63).51例完成生命质量评价,PFDI-20评分术前、术后6个月、12个月分别为(102±50)、(16±21)和(15±20)分,手术前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术中脏器损伤2例;术后复发2例,发生网片相关并发症4例,新发重度尿失禁1例.6例患者接受了二次手术,二次手术后症状缓解或治愈并无复发.结论 经阴道网片植入手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂疗效好,术中并发症发生率低,网片相关并发症经二次手术处理后效果较好.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate clinical outcome and complications of mesh-augmented vaginal reconstructive surgery in treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Methods From Feb 2007 to Jan 2009, meshaugmented vaginal reconstructive surgery were performed on 66 women with pelvic organ prolapse stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Pre and postoperative symptoms, pelvic organ prolapse quantitation (POP-Q) stage and pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PFDI-20) measurements were studied to assess anatomic and quality-of-life outcome. Operative complications were also analyzed. Results Totally 65 patients underwent successful surgeries. The rate of follow-up was 97% (63/65) with a median follow-up of 17. 2 months. Subjective cure rate and objective cure rate were both 97% (61/63) at 6 and 12 months after surgeries, 51 women completed PFDI-20 measurements and scores were 102 ± 50 before surgery, 16 ± 21 at 6 months and 15 ± 20 at 12 months. It reached statistical difference when scores were compared before and after surgeries ( P ＜0. 05). Among 66 patients, 2 patients underwent organ injuries, 2 had recurrent prolapse, 4 had meshrelated complications and 1 had severe de novo stress urinary incontinence. Six patients underwent second surgery. Conclusions Mesh-augmented vaginal reconstructive surgery in treatment of pelvic organ prolapsed brought satisfied clinical outcome. The incidence of mesh-related complications was low and secondary operative interventions were effective.     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)治疗子宫腺肌病2年临床观察

目的:探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS,商品名:曼月乐)治疗子宫腺肌病(adenomyosis,AM)的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:观察58例子宫腺肌病患者LNG-IUS放置前、放置后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月、18个月、2年的痛经视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、月经量、血清CA125、子宫体积和内膜厚度及相关不良反应。结果:LNG-IUS放置后患者痛经明显缓解,VAS评分明显下降,月经量明显减少,子宫内膜变薄,并持续保持疗效,与放置前相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);在一定程度上,子宫体积缩小,CA125降低,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不良反应主要为阴道少许点滴出血,充分解释后患者多能接受;另有少量脱环、功能性卵巢囊肿、闭经、痤疮等。结论:LNG-IUS是治疗子宫腺肌病的一种有效的保守治疗方法,适合用于痛经和/或月经过多的子宫腺肌病患者。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统在卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿术后应用的评价

目的:探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿保守性手术后宫腔放置左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)的临床价值。方法:选择2006年1月~2008年4月在我院施行卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术患者90例,分为A、B、C 3组,A组31例(LNG-IUS组),B组30例(孕三烯酮组),C组29例(未用药组)。观察比较术前VAS3分者治疗后VAS的评分变化,治疗6个月A、B两组FSH、LH和E2水平,治疗1年A、B两组患者对治疗效果满意度并愿继续接受治疗的情况以及治疗费用等。结果:A组治疗3个月和6个月VAS与术前比较有显著差异(P0.01);与B组的差异无统计学意义(P=0.611,P=0.462);治疗1年A组与B组平均VAS评分无显著差异(P=0.623),A组与C组的差异有统计意义(P0.05)。术后6个月A组E2平均水平正常为85.41±25.73 pmol/L;B组E2明显降低为53.80±16.64 pmol/L,与治疗前的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗1年愿意继续治疗的A组占87%明显高于B组的47%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);而治疗费用两组无显著差异。结论:LNG-IUS治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿引起的疼痛有一定的作用,对卵巢功能影响较小,有较好的依从性,可作为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿保守手术后的辅助治疗方法。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症的临床观察

目的:探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)治疗阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症(RVEM)疼痛的有效性。方法:回顾分析2006年1月至2009年4月就诊于北京协和医院19例有中、重度痛经的RVEM患者应用LNG-IUS的治疗效果,所有RVEM患者的诊断均经活检病理证实。应用LNG-IUS后随访6个月、1年、2年、3年,妇科查体结节大小、CA125、各种疼痛症状、月经情况以及副作用。结果:放置LNG-IUS后3年后,痛经评分由原来的8.42±1.34下降为2.36±2.73(P=0.003)。血清CA125从放置6个月时开始显著下降(P0.0001)。6个月时痛经、性交痛缓解率可达100%,经期大便痛缓解率89.47%。36个月时3者缓解率分别为84.62%、76.92%、69.23%。放置LNG-IUS后复发率较术后期待治疗明显下降,1年复发率为0,2年复发率6.7%(1/15),3年复发率23.1%(3/13)。放置LNG-IUS后1年内经期延长和不规则出血是常见现象,随着放置时间延长,情况有所缓解。结论:深部侵润型子宫内膜异位症不愿手术者,应用LNG-IUS在短期内可有效地缓解疼痛,但随着放置时间的延长,疼痛的复发几率增加。     

子宫腺肌病/卵巢异位囊肿炎性压力及其与临床特征相关性研究

目的：系统探讨子宫腺肌病/卵巢异位囊肿患者外周血炎性指标变化及其与临床特征的相关性,为子宫腺肌病/卵巢异位囊肿抗炎治疗提供依据。方法：选取来自同济大学附属杨浦医院收治的子宫腺肌病手术患者58例（子宫腺肌病组）、卵巢异位囊肿手术患者37例（卵巢异位囊肿组）,健康女性47例（对照组）,于增生期抽取外周血,检测血清炎性细胞因子和肿瘤相关抗原浓度,分析炎性压力与临床特征的相关性。结果：子宫腺肌病组外周血中性粒细胞（Neu）、Neu%、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、IL-8、CA199、CA125高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;子宫腺肌病组外周血血红蛋白（HGB）低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（Z=688.50,P=0.00）。卵巢异位囊肿组外周血Neu、Neu%、NLR、IL-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、CA199和CA125高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。子宫腺肌病中度痛经组外周血白细胞（WBC）、CA125高于轻度痛经组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。子宫腺肌病重度痛经组外周血WBC、Neu、Neu%、NLR、IL-8和IL-6高于中度痛经组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。子宫腺肌病重度痛经组外周血WBC、Neu、Neu%、NLR、IL-6、IL-8和CA125高于轻度痛经组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。子宫腺肌病中、重度痛经组外周血HGB低于轻度痛经组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。子宫腺肌病经量过多组外周血WBC、Neu、Neu%、NLR、IL-6、IL-8和CA125高于正常月经组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。卵巢异位囊肿重度痛经组外周血IL-6、IL-8高于轻度、中度痛经组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。子宫内膜异位症患者肿瘤指标与外周血炎性指标在统计学上无明显相关性。结论：子宫腺肌病/卵巢异位囊肿处于全身炎症压力状态,并与临床特征相关,为子宫内膜异位症抗炎治疗提供了依据。。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统用于防治子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病的临床观察

目的观察左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)用于治疗子宫内膜异位症(EM)及子宫腺肌病(AM)相关疼痛和防止复发的疗效。方法EM患者21例,AM患者12例,于保守性手术后即刻,或单纯疼痛复发后放置LNG-IUS,EM患者中有4例在放置前注射促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa),AM患者中有5例放置前注射GnRHa。以放置LNG-IUS前后自身对照,比较疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、血清生殖激素和CA125水平,随诊记录阴道出血等副反应的发生情况;放置前注射GnRHa者与单纯放置者比较出血模式的差异。结果疼痛复发后单纯放置LNG-IUS的5例EM患者,VAS评分由放置前的(8·09±0·21)降至(1·64±1·12)分,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0·042);5例单纯放置LNG-IUS的AM患者,VAS评分由(8·41±1·59)降至(3·99±3·87)分,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0·068)。所有患者于随访期限内,仅2例患者分别出现疼痛或病灶复发,其余患者无疼痛或病灶的复发。放置LNG-IUS后有30例患者完成了初次随诊,初次随诊时间平均为5个月,月平均出血天数18·6d,以不规则点滴出血为主;放置LNG-IUS前是否加用GnRHa的患者月平均出血天数分别为(19±6)和(18±6)d,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0·089)。随诊满1年时,22例患者转为每月规律性阴道出血,月平均出血天数8d。结论LNG-IUS能有效控制EM和AM相关疼痛并延缓复发,不规则和(或)点滴阴道出血是最显著的副反应,放置前注射GnRHa对出血的改善效果欠佳。     

Alcohol sclerosis of endometriomas after ultrasound-guided aspiration

AIM: We investigate the possibility to use ultrasound-guided aspiration and alcohol sclerosis in patients with endometrioma. METHODS: Ten patients with endometriotic ovarian cysts, mean diameter <70 mm, CA125 <35 UI, persistence of cyst after medical therapy and refusal of surgical therapy have been studied. The patients were submitted to ultrasound-guided aspiration of endometriomas. Fifty per cent of aspirated fluid was replaced with pure ethanol, which was left in situ for 10 to 20 minutes. No medical therapy was employed after aspiration and ethanol treatment. RESULTS: In 9 patients no recurrence was observed at ultrasound after 21.2+/-6.62 months of follow-up. In 1 case only, after 6 months, a recurrence of the endometrioma in the same site was observed. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided alcoholic sclerotherapy of the endometriotic ovarian cysts is effective and safe. We speculate that this procedure could be indicated in patients refusing standard surgical therapy.     

正电子发射体层显像-CT检查联合CA125连续检测诊断早期无症状的复发性卵巢上皮性癌的价值

目的评估正电子发射体层显像（PET）-CT检查联合CA125连续检测在早期无症状的复发性卵巢上皮性癌（卵巢癌）诊断中的价值。方法对26例在山东省肿瘤医院初治、手术病理分期为Ⅱ-Ⅵ期的卵巢癌患者,在接受肿瘤细胞减灭术并经多疗程化疗达到完全缓解后又出现可疑复发者进行PET-CT检查。此类患者CA125水平已降至正常值（即35kU／L）以下并稳定一段时间后,连续3次测定均呈持续升高趋势,但CT检查未能发现可疑病灶,或虽发现可疑病灶但病变范围不能确定。其中,16例给予再次化疗和（或）放疗,10例接受再次肿瘤细胞减灭术。结果（1）26例患者中,17例CA125水平≥35kU／L,其中14例CT检查显示盆腹腔存在复发灶的患者中,PET-CT检查发现10例病变范围与CT检查一致,4例除盆腹腔病灶外尚伴有远处转移;3例CT检查未发现明确病灶者中,PET-CT检查均提示存在盆腹腔复发,1例发现骨转移。另9例CA125水平〈35kU／L,其中3例CT检查和PET-CT检查均发现盆腹腔复发灶,6例CT检查未发现明确病变者中PET-CT检查均发现1处以上可疑复发或转移灶。（2）10例再次手术者中,CA125水平≥35kU／L者6例,〈35kU／L者4例;4例CT检查发现可疑病灶及6例CT检查阴性者中,PET-CT检查均提示存在至少1处代谢异常部位（病灶数为1～5个）。（3）10例再次手术者中,CT检查发现的可疑病灶,术后病理检查均证实为转移灶;PET-CT检查提示的异常代谢部位手术后病理检查也证实均为转移灶。（4）再次手术后1个月,4例术前CA125水平〈35kU／L者,术后CA125水平均明显下降,其中位数水平降低了3．2倍;6例术前CA125水平≥35kU／L者,4例术后CA125水平〈35kU／L,1例化疗2个疗程后降至〈35kU／L,1例持续升高。结论PET-CT检查能发现临床前期的复发灶或常规辅助检查未能发现或明确的复发灶,PET-CT检查联合CA125连续检测诊断复发性卵巢癌的准确性高,是诊断卵巢癌早期复发的可靠手段。PET-CT检查引导下可以提高再次肿瘤细胞减灭术的准确性和彻底性。