湛江市吸毒人群HIV、HBV、HCV、梅毒感染状况调查

[目的]了解湛江市吸毒人群HIV、HBV、HCV、梅毒感染状况及影响因素,为吸毒人群这几种疾病防治提供依据. [方法]对湛江市戒毒所350名吸毒人群进行匿名调查,采集静脉血进行HIV、HBV、HCV和梅毒血清学检测.并对结果进行统计学分析. [结果]350名吸毒人群中HIV抗体阳性15例,阳性率4.29%,HBsAg阳性103例,阳性率29.43%,HCV抗体阳性200例,阳性率57.14%,梅毒抗体阳性13例,阳性率3.71%,重叠感染HIV/HB-sAg共8人,占2.29%,重叠感染HBsAg/HCV共97人,占27.71%,重叠感染HBsAg/HCV/梅毒共9人,占2.57%,重叠感染梅毒/HCV共8人,占2.29%. [结论]吸毒人群中HIV、HBV、HCV感染率较高,与他们注射毒品行为有关,政府应开展针对性干预措施.     

安顺市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和TP感染状况分析

目的了解安顺市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和TP(梅毒)感染状况,为采取防治措施提供科学依据。方法采集安顺市美沙酮维持治疗门诊吸毒人群静脉血标本共计143份,进行抗-HIV、抗-HCV、抗-TP(梅毒抗体)检测。结果 143名吸毒人员中,HIV抗体阳性29例占20.3%(29/143);HCV抗体阳性124例占86.7%(124/143);TP抗体阳性29例占20.3%(29/143);HIV/HCV合并感染1例,占0.7%(1/143);TP/HCV合并感染感染12例,占8.4%(12/143)。结论安顺市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群中HIV、HCV、TP感染率较高,应加强针对在美沙酮门诊治疗的吸毒人员感染情况开展多种疾病的宣传教育和综合干预,应该在这部分人群中持续开展HIV、HCV、TP的监测工作。     

广州市1324名吸毒人员HIV、HBV、HCV及梅毒感染状况调查

目的了解广州市吸毒人群HIV、HBV、HCV及梅毒感染状况,为制定针对该地区吸毒人群常见传染病的防治措施提供依据。方法于2009年7月—2011年6月,抽取广州市某戒毒所收入的1 324例吸毒人员静脉血,检测HIV、HCV和梅毒抗体以及HBV表面抗原。结果 1 324例吸毒人群中,HIV抗体阳性74例,阳性率4.2%;乙肝表面抗原阳性率12.2%,丙肝抗体阳性率40.5%,梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)阳性率6.1%。21.8%的吸毒人员同时检出2种传染病,2.2%的吸毒者同时检出3种传染病。结论广州市吸毒人群中HCV、HBV、梅毒及HIV仍存在较高的感染率,应继续重视对该人群的监管监测及宣传教育。     

哨点监测吸毒人群HIV、HCV及梅毒检测结果分析

目的:了解三亚市近年吸毒人群HIV、HCV、梅毒感染状态,以采取有效的预防和干预措施。方法:对三亚市哨点监测的1236名吸毒人员进行HIV、HCV及梅毒血清学检测。结果:1236名吸毒人群中HIV抗体阳性19例,阳性率1.54%,HCV抗体阳性1074例,阳性率86.89%,梅毒抗体阳性44例,阳性率3.56%,HCV/梅毒重叠感染41例,阳性率3.32%。结论:吸毒人群是HIV、HCV、梅毒感染的高危人群,采取切实可行的宣传教育和防治干预措施非常重要。     

绵阳市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒感染状况分析

目的 了解绵阳市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒感染状况.方法 采集美沙酮门诊吸毒人员静脉血标本743份,进行HIV、HCV和梅毒血清学检测.结果 743名吸毒人员中,HIV抗体阳性17例(2.29%),HCV抗体阳性616例(82.91%),梅毒抗体阳性56例(7.53%); HIV/HCV合并感染 14例(1.88%),梅毒/HCV合并感染 46例(6.19%).结论 绵阳市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群中HIV、HCV、梅毒感染率较高,应积极开展针对性的干预措施.     

龙海市美沙酮治疗人群HIV、HCV和梅毒感染情况分析

目的了解龙海市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒感染情况。方法采集龙海市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群静脉血标本进行血清学检测。结果 152名美沙酮门诊吸毒人群中,HIV抗体阳性1例（0.7%）,HCV抗体阳性93例（61.2%）,梅毒抗体阳性17例（11.2%）;梅毒/HIV、HCV合并感染1例（0.66%）;梅毒/HCV合并感染14例（9.2%）。结论龙海市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群中HIV感染率虽处较低水平,但HCV和梅毒感染率较高,应加强在美沙酮门诊治疗的吸毒人员的宣传教育和综合干预,并持续开展HIV、HCV和梅毒的监测工作。     

乐山市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV、梅毒和HSV-2感染状况调查分析

[目的]了解乐山市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV、梅毒和HSV-2感染状况。[方法]采集乐山市3个区市(县)的美沙酮门诊618名吸毒人员的静脉血进行HIV、HCV、梅毒以及HSV-2血清抗体检测,并对检测结果进行分析。[结果]618名吸毒人员HIV抗体阳性率为10.84%,HCV抗体阳性率为71.84%,梅毒抗体阳性率为4.85%;3个美沙酮门诊吸毒人员HIV抗体阳性率以及HCV抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.43,P=0.01;χ2=29.75,P=0.00);各年龄段间HCV抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.23,P=0.00);HIV/HCV合并感染率为5.18%、HIV/HCV/梅毒合并感染率为0.16%、HCV/梅毒合并感染率为3.56%。67例艾滋病感染者HSV-2抗体阳性率为61.19%,HIV/HCV/梅毒/HSV-2疱疹合并感染率为1.49%,HIV/HCV/HSV-2疱疹合并感染率为52.24%。[结论]乐山市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群中HIV、HCV、梅毒以及HSV-2感染率较高,合并感染现象严重,应积极开展健康教育并采取针对性的干预措施。     

上海市浦东新区美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒感染状况分析

目的了解上海市浦东新区美沙酮门诊吸毒人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和梅毒感染状况,为采取防治措施提供科学依据。方法采集浦东新区美沙酮维持治疗门诊吸毒人群静脉血标本共计833份,进行抗-HIV、抗-HCV和梅毒检测。结果 833名吸毒人员中,HIV抗体阳性0例;HCV抗体阳性602例,占72.27%(602/833);梅毒阳性38例,占4.56%(38/833)。HIV/HCV合并感染0例;梅毒/HCV合并感染24例,占2.86%(24/833)。结论上海市浦东新区2011年1月—2012年7月美沙酮门诊监测的吸毒人群中HIV感染率明显下降,HCV、梅毒感染率较高。建议应针对在美沙酮门诊治疗的吸毒人员感染情况开展多种疾病的宣传教育和综合干预,并继续在这部分人群中持续开展HIV、HCV和梅毒的监测工作。     

柳州市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒感染状况分析

目的了解柳州市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒（TP）感染状况,为采取干预提供依据。方法采集2家美沙酮维持治疗门诊吸毒人员静脉血标本共计518份,进行抗-HIV、抗-HCV、梅毒抗体检测。结果518名吸毒人员中,HIV抗体阳性31例（5.98%）,HCV抗体阳性443例（85.52%）,TP阳性19例（3.67%）;HIV/HCV合并感染30例（5.79%）,TP/HCV合并感染19例（3.67%）,HIV/TP合并感染1例（0.19%）。结论柳州市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群中HIV、HCV、TP感染率较高,应积极开展针对性的干预措施。     

南宁市美沙酮门诊人类免疫缺陷病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和梅毒检测结果分析

目的了解南宁市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒的感染情况,为预防干预措施提供科学依据。方法采集南宁市疾病预防控制中心美沙酮门诊210例新入组吸毒人员静脉血,进行HIV抗体、HCV抗体和梅毒抗体血清学检测,阴性结果分别于6个月、1年后继续进行随访检测。结果首次检测结果,HIV抗体阳性20例(9.52%),HCV抗体阳性194例(92.38%),梅毒抗体阳性22例(10.48%),其中HIV/HCV合并感染20例(9.52%),HCV/梅毒合并感染18例(8.57%),6个月随访检测共168例,HIV抗体、HCV抗体和梅毒抗体转阳者分别为2例、4例和4例。结论南宁市吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒的感染率比较高,在使用美沙酮替代治疗期间还有偷吸现象,应加强吸毒人群艾滋病宣传教育和行为干预,延缓艾滋病的传播。     

九江市2010年吸毒人员艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的了解九江吸毒人员的吸毒行为及艾滋病病毒（HIV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、梅毒的感染状况。方法对吸毒人员进行个人访谈,并采用统一调查表进行问卷调查,采集血样检测HIV抗体、HCV抗体、梅毒抗体。结果 2010年共监测吸毒人员1 885人,检测1 882人,HIV抗体阳性者6例,阳性率0.32%;丙肝阳性271人,阳性率14.40%;梅毒阳性33人,阳性率1.75%。结论吸毒人员HIV感染率仍属低流行状态,HCV、梅毒的感染率显著高于一般人群。为防止HIV/HCV、梅毒的蔓延,切实加强吸毒人员艾滋病、肝炎、性病知识的宣传教育及行为干预,是一项不容忽视的工作。     

四类重点人群HIV、梅毒、肝炎感染状况调查

目的了解中小工业城市重点人群HIV、梅毒和肝炎的感染现状。方法现场调查采用哨点监测的方法，血清检测应用ELISA法，检测了256名有偿供血者、266名性病门诊患者、271名孕妇、228名吸毒者的HIV抗体、梅毒抗体、抗-HCV和乙肝HBsAg。结果吸毒者检出1例HIV抗体阳性，阳性检出率为0．43％，吸毒者丙型肝炎的感染率为83.87％，与有偿供血者（5.86％）、性病门诊患者（2．26％）和孕妇（1．11％）相比较均有统计学意义，有偿供血者丙型肝炎感染率与除吸毒人群外的其他两类人群比较也有统计学意义。经多因素logistic回归分析发现性病门诊患者梅毒感染率与性别、年龄、婚外性伴数呈正相关。结论性病门诊患者和吸毒人群梅毒感染率、吸毒人群和有偿供血者丙型肝炎感染率较高，性病门诊患者和吸毒人群存在感染HIV／性病的危险因素。应加强上述重点人群的监测和管理，防止艾滋病等疾病的流行。     

2017—2019年贵阳市吸毒人群HCV感染相关因素及HIV、梅毒感染状况

目的 分析贵阳市哨点吸毒人群丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)与梅毒感染状况,并分析HCV感染相关影响因素,为针对性地预防控制吸毒人群感染HCV提供依据.方法 采用重复横断面调查方法调查贵阳市2017—2019年吸毒哨点监测的吸毒人群,每年前往不同的戒毒场所,以4—7月为监测期,同时采集静脉血进行HIV...     

Prevalence of HIV,syphilis, hepatitis B,and hepatitis C among entrants to Maryland correctional facilities

Although high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in correctional institutions has been established, data are sparse regarding the comorbidities of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), all of which may complicate the management of HCV. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and correlates associated with HCV prevalence among entrants into the Maryland Division of Correction and the Baltimore City Detention Center. Participants included all newly incarcerated entrants between January 28 and March 28, 2002. Excess sera with identifiers removed from samples drawn for routine syphilis testing were assayed for antibodies to HIV and HCV and for HBV surface antigen and surface and total core antibodies. Separately, all HIV-positive specimens were tested using the serological testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion. Of the 1,081 immates and 2,833 detainees, reactive syphilis serology was noted in 0.6% of the combined population; HIV seroprevalence was 6.6%; HCV prevalence was 29.7%; and 25.2% of detainees and prisoners had antigen or core or surface antibodies to HBV. A multivariate analysis of predictors of HCV positivity indicated that detainees, women, whites, older age groups, those who were HIV seropositive, and individuals with past or present infection with HBV were significantly more likely to be positive for HCV. These data indicate that hepatitis C remains an important public health concern among entrants to jail and prison and is complicated with coinfections that need to be addressed for effective treatment.     

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among drug addicts in Bangladesh

This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among 266 drug users attending a drug-addiction treatment centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from November 1996 to April 1997. Of the 266 addicts, 129 were injectable drug users (IDUs), and 137 were non-injectable drug users (non-IDUs). The seroprevalences of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV antibodies among the IDUs were 8 (6.2%), 41 (31.8%), 15 (11.6%), and 32 (24.8%), and among the non-IDUs were 6 (4.4%), 33 (24.1%), 9 (6.6%), and 8 (5.8%) respectively. None of the drug users were positive for anti-HIV antibody. Although the prevalence of HBV infection did not significantly differ between the IDUs and the non-IDUs, the prevalence of HCV infection was significantly higher among the IDUs. Among the IDUs, the prevalence of both HBV and HCV infections was associated with sharing of needles and longer duration of injectable drugs used. The seroprevalence of HBV infection in both IDUs and non-IDUs was significantly higher among those who had a history of extramarital and premarital sex. The prevalence of HCV infection was not associated with sexual promiscuity. There was no association between the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections and age. Active preventive programmes focusing on educational campaigns among the youths against substance abuse should be undertaken.     

龙岩市吸毒人员HIV、HBV、HCV、梅毒感染及行为特征

目的了解龙岩市吸毒人员HIV、HBV、HCV及梅毒的感染情况。方法对2004-2007年在龙岩市强制戒毒所戒毒的121名吸毒人员进行HIV、HBV、HCV、ALT及梅毒的感染情况调查，并调查其吸毒方式。结果121名吸毒者抗-HIV均阴性，HBsAg阳性率为18．18％，抗-HCV阳性率为53．71％，梅毒抗体阳性率为14．05％。吸毒者中单纯口吸的占27．27％，单纯静脉注射的占58．67％，2种方法均采用的14．05％。结论龙岩市吸毒人员采用静脉注射方式的较多，存在较大的感染隐患，建议加强对该人群的行为干预。     

河南驻马店市“HIV单阳”夫妻经性传播HIV的调查

目的了解河南省驻马店市“HIV单阳”夫妻阴性配偶HIV血清阳转率及HBV、HCV、梅毒感染现状。方法“HIV单阳”夫妻是指夫妻双方中只有一方呈HIV抗体阳性,另一方为阴性。收集“HIV单阳”夫妻成员HIV抗体检测结果及其他相关信息,采集夫妻中HIV阴性配偶的血标本,并检测其HIV、HBV、HCV及梅毒感染状况。结果该市现有“HIV单阳”夫妻4301对,本次调查共采集“HIV单阳”夫妻阴性配偶血样3842份,问卷调查3738人。最近一次性生活安全套使用率为93．1％,85．9％的HIV感染者已发展为艾滋病病人,抗病毒治疗率为77．8％。经检测有50人HIV抗体阳转,血清阳转率为0．65／100人年,抗-HCV阳性率为31．1％、梅毒阳性率为0．2％、乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性率为5．4％、乙肝“大三阳”（HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb均阳性）率为0．8％,乙肝“小三阳”（HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性）率为2．9％。结论驻马店市“HIV单阳”夫妻配偶的血清HIV抗体阳转率较低。建议继续加强对该人群的随访、定期检测CD4细胞计数及病毒载量,夫妻间性生活时坚持使用安全套,以控制HIV性传播。     

Multiple infections and associated risk factors among non-injecting cocaine users in Argentina

The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV, core antibody), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis infections and analyze associated risk factors among 504 non-injecting cocaine users (NICU) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants were interviewed in face-to-face sessions through a short structured questionnaire. Using venipuncture, 10 mL of blood was collected. Seroprevalence rates were: HIV (6.3%), HBV (9%), HCV (7.5%), and VDRL (4.2%). The risk of being infected with HIV, HBV, and HCV was significantly associated with having had a sex partner who was either a drug injector or who was known to be HIV positive. HIV and HCV infections were associated with former imprisonment, and HCV was associated with having been tattooed. Because of the rising number of NICU and the multiple infections detected, it is essential to implement prevention strategies focused on this population.     

Measures to reduce HIV infection have not been successful to reduce the prevalence of HCV in intravenous drug users

The objective of the study was to determine whether measures taken to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection also lead to a reduction in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among intravenous drug users (IDU). Antibodies to HCV, HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were determined in IDU who voluntarily attended AIDS prevention and information centres for the first time between 1990 and 1996. Of the 5473 IDU studied, determination of HCV was done in 3238 cases. The prevalence of antibodies to HCV was 85%. During the first period studied (1990–1992), the prevalence of antibodies to HCV was 84.5%, during the second (1993–1994) 84.1% and during the third (1995–1996) 87%; in the case of HBV the prevalence during the three periods was 74.5, 67.6 and 66.8% respectively, and for HIV it was 41.9, 38.8 and 36.6% respectively (RR: 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–0.81). Among drug users addicted for less than 2 years, the trend of the prevalence of antibodies to HCV and HBV remained constant, while the prevalence of HIV infection decreased (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42–0.89). Measures to prevent transmission of HIV in drug users do not lead to a reduction in the prevalence of HCV infection. Further study is necessary to obtain a better understanding of how HCV is transmitted among drug users in order to apply measures which are effective in preventing HCV infection.