口服碘油补碘对缺碘机体表皮生长因子水平的影响

为探讨补碘对缺碘机体表皮生长因子 (EGF)水平的影响 ,采用放射免疫分析法检测了缺碘地区人群服碘油前后血清 EGF水平及异常值比例的变化。结果表明 :补碘前缺碘机体血清EGF水平与对照组比较差别无显著意义。补碘 3个月后的血清 EGF水平明显高于正常对照组和补碘前的水平 ,同时 EGF高于上限的比例也显著增多 ;6个月时的 EGF水平及其高于上限的比例则明显下降。提示补碘早期可导致缺碘机体 EGF水平一过性升高     

补碘后地甲肿流行区与非流行区甲状腺机能状态的研究

<正> 缺碘性地甲肿在供碘以后,我省内已达到中央地办规定的控制标准,反映垂体—甲状腺机能状态的诸指标已转为正常,这些已被许多学者证实。但是在这些功能正常后缺碘地区与非缺碘地区表现是否相一致,目前尚未见报导。对此我们进行了研究,观察补碘后的缺碘性地甲肿流行区人群甲状腺机能同非缺碘区是否一致,同时探讨有无其它影响甲状腺机能状态的因素存在。     

锌对低碘孕鼠发育及相关激素影响的研究

目的:观察锌对缺碘孕鼠生长发育及相关激素的影响。方法:应用低碘饲料喂养Wistar雌性大鼠复制缺碘动物模型,同时设补碘、补复合锌和葡萄糖酸锌、补碘加复合锌组。在实验不同时期测尿碘,3个月时将动物模型进行交配,3w内观察孕鼠发育情况,而后处死动物,检查活胎体重、畸胎死胎率和胚胎吸收率,取垂体、甲状腺进行病理学检查,同时检测血清中甲状腺激素、促性腺激素和性激素水平。结果:缺碘组尿碘水平降低,甲状腺肿大,甲状腺激素T4、FT4降低,T3、FT3升高;促性腺激素和性激素异常;缺碘组孕鼠在妊娠期间体重增加缓慢,胎鼠体重降低,死胎、吸收胎增加。补锌组甲状腺重量较缺碘组减轻,甲状腺激素、促性腺激素和性激素部分恢复;胎鼠体重增加,死胎和胚胎吸收率降低。结论:缺碘大鼠补锌可降低甲状腺肿大程度;调节甲状腺激素、促性腺激素和性激素代谢紊乱;拮抗由缺碘所致的孕鼠生殖和胎鼠发育异常。     

学年补碘后学龄儿童碘代谢及垂体—甲状腺功能观察

采用放射免疫分析方法对包头市郊缺碘病区７－１４岁儿童常年补碘后，磺代谢及垂体－甲状腺功能进行了观察。结果显示：病区补碘儿童Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＴＳＨ及ＵＩ含量均在正常范围之内，表明经长期补碘，儿童群体缺碘状况已基本得到纠正。但个体间摄碘不平衡现象依然存在，建议在定期监测情况下调整学龄儿童的供碘需求。     

氟硒对大鼠甲状腺组织及功能的影响

观察了饮用高氟水及加硒大鼠的甲状腺组织结构和甲状腺激素变化。结果表明，早期甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞增生活跃、游离甲状腺激素水平显著升高；后期甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞出现退行性变，ＦＴ３和Ｔ４水平明显降低；补硒与甲状腺激素水平有一定关系。提示高氟在早期使甲状腺兴奋，甲功高度代偿，后期则抑制甲状腺使甲功低下；氟与甲状腺组织及功能的改变与摄氟时间密切相关。     

碘油防治对缺碘病区人群甲状腺自身抗体水平的影响

碘油防治对缺碘病区人群甲状腺自身抗体水平的影响郭晓尉杨英奎骆效宏耿文林胡丕英为探讨碘油防治对缺碘病区人群的免疫学影响，作者测定了缺碘人群服碘油前后外周血甲状腺自身抗体水平。１．对象和方法：将日照市东港区小后村乡尚未补碘病区长年居住人群作为对象，年龄１...     

甲减患者需要补碘吗

<正>微友:我从网上看到碘是合成甲状腺激素的重要原料,甲减患者甲状腺激素合成减少,所以很多人认为甲状腺功能减退患者需要补碘。请问这是否正确呢?连线医生——解放军302医院内分泌科杨彦不一定!甲状腺功能减退患者是否需要补碘主要看导致甲状腺功能减退的原因是什么。1.缺碘所致的甲状腺功能减退,即我们常说的大脖子病。此类患者甲状腺本身功能     

常年补碘后学龄儿童碘代谢及垂体-甲状腺功能观察

采用放射免疫分析方法对包头市郊缺碘病区7～14岁儿童常年补碘后,碘代谢及垂体－甲状腺功能进行了观察。结果显示:病区补碘儿童T3、T4、TSH及UI含量均在正常范围之内,表明经长期补碘,儿童群体缺碘状况已基本得到纠正。但个体间摄碘不平衡现象依然存在。建议在定期监测情况下调整学龄儿童的供碘需求。     

妊娠各期孕妇甲状腺激素变化的探讨

目的 探讨妊娠各期孕妇的甲状腺激素变化及其甲状腺功能状态.方法 采用ACS-180化学发光分析仪检测623例孕妇的血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺激素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）;利用碘催化砷铈反应原理,采用冷消解快速尿碘定量检测方法 测定孕妇一次随意尿的尿碘含量.结果 妊娠早、中期的FT3、FT4和hCG高于妊娠晚期（F=53.19,78.00,58.77,P＜0.05）,而TSH低于妊娠晚期（F=5.68,P＜0.05）.孕妇甲状腺功能紊乱发生率为7.54%,妊娠各期孕妇的甲状腺功能紊乱发生率的差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.92,P＞0.05）.亚临床甲减、亚临床甲亢、甲减和甲亢的发生率分别是3.53%、2.57%、1.12%和0.32%.妊娠早期和妊娠晚期均以亚临床甲减居多,妊娠中期以亚临床甲亢居多.结论 孕妇妊娠晚期的甲状腺功能相对孕早、中期而言处于一种轻微甲状腺功能减低的代偿状态,孕期激素变化不是引起孕妇甲状腺功能紊乱的主要因素.     

我国全民补碘的现况

碘作为合成甲状腺激素的重要原料,参与机体的物质和能量代谢及促进生长和发育。当机体摄入的碘不足可引起地方性甲状腺肿、克汀病和亚克汀病、单纯性聋哑、胎儿流产、早产、死产和先天畸形等碘缺乏病,而补碘是目前预防碘缺乏病的有效方法。从1995年起,我国基本实现食盐加碘,在预防碘缺乏病方面取得显著成就的同时,发现长期过量补碘会导致甲状腺功能紊乱所引起的甲状腺疾病的发生。为此,可通过测定尿碘中位数水平,评估机体摄入的碘量,因人而异采用不同的补碘策略,调整饮食结构,精准健康的全民补碘。本文对碘的来源及体内过程、补碘对碘缺乏病的影响和摄碘过量对机体的影响进行了综述。     

The Impact of Iodine Concentration Disorders on Health and Cancer

Iodine deficiency is an ongoing problem. The implementation of salt iodization has significantly reduced the effects of iodine deficiency worldwide in recent years, and the remaining iodine deficiency is mild to moderate. Iodine is an essential substrate for the synthesis of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland. It can also act as an antioxidant, as well as an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic factor. Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and children are particularly affected by iodine deficiency. It leads to thyroid diseases and metabolic and developmental disorders, as well as cancer. However, an excessive iodine intake may, similarly to iodine deficiency, lead to the development of goiter, and toxic amounts of iodine can lead to thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism, and even to the development of papillary thyroid cancer. Correcting iodine deficiency potentially reduces the chance of developing malignancies. Additional research is needed to better understand both the effect of iodine on carcinogenesis and the clinical outcome of iodine deficiency compensation on cancer patients’ prognosis. The upcoming public health challenge appears to be reducing salt consumption, which could result in a lower iodine intake. Thus, an iodine enrichment vehicle other than salt could be considered if salt iodine levels are not increased to compensate, and urine iodine levels should be monitored more frequently.     

微量元素碘与人体健康的关系

碘是人类必需的微量元素,是人体合成甲状腺激素的主要原料,维持一定水平的甲状腺激素对保证机体正常发育、尤其是脑发育,以及生命活动有着重要作用。碘摄入量过低或过高均会对人体健康带来危害,因此,适宜的碘摄入在碘缺乏病防治中具有重要的意义。     

西湖区人群碘营养状况调查

目的:对部分居民尿碘水平和甲状腺B超进行检查,综合评价其碘营养状况,为科学补碘策略提供依据。方法:连续居住5年及以上居民为调查对象,共选取356户1 110人,调查水碘、尿碘、盐碘含量及甲状腺B超检查和100户居民户日人均盐摄入量水平调查。结果:水样15份,中位数2.94ug/L;盐样316份,中位数33 mg/kg,尿样1110份,中位数为165.0 ug/L,甲状腺B超检查1 110人,异常341人,异常率30.72%,100户居民户日人均盐摄入量6.16g。结论:该区已达到消除碘缺乏病目标,目前的食盐加碘量总体是适宜的,居民碘盐摄入量处在安全范围。甲状腺B超异常率不随尿碘水平增加而上升。     

Iodine deficiency in pregnancy: the effect on neurodevelopment in the child

Iodine is an integral part of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T(4)) and tri-iodothyronine (T(3)), necessary for normal growth and development. An adequate supply of cerebral T(3), generated in the fetal brain from maternal free T(4) (fT(4)), is needed by the fetus for thyroid hormone dependent neurodevelopment, which begins in the second half of the first trimester of pregnancy. Around the beginning of the second trimester the fetal thyroid also begins to produce hormones but the reserves of the fetal gland are low, thus maternal thyroid hormones contribute to total fetal thyroid hormone concentrations until birth. In order for pregnant women to produce enough thyroid hormones to meet both her own and her baby's requirements, a 50% increase in iodine intake is recommended. A lack of iodine in the diet may result in the mother becoming iodine deficient, and subsequently the fetus. In iodine deficiency, hypothyroxinemia (i.e., low maternal fT(4)) results in damage to the developing brain, which is further aggravated by hypothyroidism in the fetus. The most serious consequence of iodine deficiency is cretinism, characterised by profound mental retardation. There is unequivocal evidence that severe iodine deficiency in pregnancy impairs brain development in the child. However, only two intervention trials have assessed neurodevelopment in children of moderately iodine deficient mothers finding improved neurodevelopment in children of mothers supplemented earlier rather than later in pregnancy; both studies were not randomised and were uncontrolled. Thus, there is a need for well-designed trials to determine the effect of iodine supplementation in moderate to mildly iodine deficient pregnant women on neurodevelopment in the child.     

不同碘摄入量对大鼠碘代谢及甲状腺功能影响

目的观察不同碘酸钾（KIO3）摄入量的大鼠模型碘代谢及甲状腺功能的变化并探讨KIO3的安全性。方法Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,分别给予低碘、适碘和高碘（分别为适碘组的5,10,50,100倍）饮食,检测3、6和12个月时尿碘水平和甲状腺含碘量,分析碘代谢变化;分别检测血清总三碘甲腺氨酸（TT3）、总甲状腺素（TT4）、游离三碘甲腺氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）浓度及甲状腺组织中三碘甲腺氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）含量来衡量甲状腺功能。结果LI组尿碘水平和甲状腺含碘量,以及血清、甲状腺组织中的甲状腺激素水平均显著低于适碘组,呈明显甲状腺功能低下;各HI组尿碘排泄量显著增加,增加幅度与碘摄入量的倍数相一致,但与适碘组比较,各HI组甲状腺含碘量最高仅2倍左右;另外,HI组随着碘摄入的增加,血清和甲状腺组织中的甲状腺激素水平也出现降低趋势,呈现一定的甲状腺功能低下。结论长期碘缺乏和碘过量均可导致大鼠甲状腺功能低下,但以碘缺乏所致的甲状腺功能低下更为明显。同时大鼠存在适应高碘的机制,对高碘摄入具有更强的耐受性,并证实KIO3的安全性。     

鲁西南滨湖居民碘营养状况综合评价

目的　综合评价鲁西南滨湖地区居民的碘营养状况。方法　按整群批质量保证抽样法 (LQAS)对山东省微山湖、东平湖周围碘营养状况性质未定的滨湖 4县 (微山、金乡、鱼台、梁山 ) 1 9个乡镇 4 2 81例 8～ 1 0岁学龄儿童甲状腺肿大率、智商、尿碘、水碘及盐碘等指标进行抽样调查。结果　 4县以乡镇为单位 ,儿童甲状腺肿大率差别较大 ;外环境水碘含量高低不一 ;内环境尿碘水平较高 ,体内碘除来自当地饮水和粮食外 ,可能不同程度地受到居民食用碘盐的影响 ;金乡、鱼台 2县儿童智商基本呈正态分布 ,与对照组相比无显著性差异 ;微山县儿童智商水平略向低值偏移 ,与对照组进行U检验P <0 0 1。结论　鲁西南滨湖地区同时存在缺碘区、适碘区和高碘区 ,几种情况交错存在 ,呈片状、灶状或点状分布     

Current Strategies for Selenium and Iodine Biofortification in Crop Plants

Selenium and iodine are essential trace elements for both humans and animals. Among other things, they have an essential role in thyroid function and the production of important hormones by the thyroid gland. Unfortunately, in many areas, soils are deficient in selenium and iodine, and their amount is insufficient to produce crops with adequate contents to cover the recommended daily intake; thus, deficiencies have an endemic character. With the introduction of iodized table salt in the food industry, the thyroid status of the population has improved, but several areas remain iodine deficient. Furthermore, due to the strong relationship between iodine and selenium in metabolic processes, selenium deficiency often compromises the desired positive impact of salt iodization efforts. Therefore, a considerable number of studies have looked for alternative methods for the simultaneous supplementation of selenium and iodine in foodstuff. In most cases, the subject of these studies is crops; recently, meat has also been a subject of interest. This paper reviews the most recent strategies in agriculture to fortify selenium and iodine in crop plants, their effect on the quality of the plant species used, and the potential impact of food processing on their stability in fortified crops.     

日照市缺碘调查与补碘现状分析

[目的]调查日照市居民碘营养水平,为碘缺乏病的防治提供基础资料与科学依据。[方法]在所辖区域范围内,对居民饮用水水碘水平、8～10岁儿童尿碘水平、甲状腺疾病病例尿碘水平、居民食用碘盐状况等进行调查。[结果]日照市水碘中位数为4．1μg／L,8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为266．1μg／L,甲状腺疾病病例组尿碘中位数略高于对照组,居民户碘盐指标均达到了国家碘缺乏病消除标准。[结论]日照市属碘缺乏地区,实施补碘措施后,人群碘营养水平达到充足且稍偏高状态。     

某地区哺乳期妇女尿碘、甲状腺功能水平研究

目的调查研究某地区哺乳期妇女碘营养及甲状腺功能状况。方法对南京大厂地区2008～2009年842名产后6～8周哺乳期妇女为研究组;采集血、尿标本,酸消化砷铈接触分光光度法测定尿碘水平。电化学发光免疫分析法测定血清FT3、FT4、TSH水平,与45名该地区非哺乳期健康女性进行比较。结果 1)研究组哺乳期妇女尿碘中位数为176.5μg/L,低于WHO推荐值,哺乳期妇女缺碘率高达30.16%。2)尿碘值100μg/L的哺乳期妇女血清FT3、FT4水平虽低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血清TSH水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论必须采取多种干预措施,加强对哺乳期妇女碘营养知识的健康教育,以减少哺乳期妇女碘缺乏对婴幼儿的损害,促进妇幼健康。