新活素对急性心衰患者心率变异性的影响

目的观察新活素——冻干重组人脑利钠肽(Lyophilized Recombinant Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide,Lrh-BNP)治疗急性失代偿心力衰竭(Acute decompensated heart failure,ADHF)对心脏自主神经功能的影响。方法对照组49例,进行基础抗心衰治疗;Lrh-BNP组45例,在基础抗心衰治疗上静脉注射Lrh-BNP 24 h。所有患者治疗前后均进行24 h Holter检查,对Lrh-BNP治疗前后及对照组进行心率功率谱时域和频域分析。结果Lrh-BNP组治疗后心率变异性(HRV)值较对照组显著改善,其中时域指标:全部正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5 min R-R间期均值的标准差(SDANNI)、SDNN的均值(SDNNI)、正常相邻R-R间期差值的均方根RMSSD、正常相邻R-R间期差值>50 ms的百分比(PNN50)、心率均显著改善(P<0.05);频域指标:总频谱(TF)、低频(LF)和高频(HF)亦明显改善(P<0.05)。结论Lrh-BNP可改善ADHF患者的心率变异性。     

β-受体阻滞剂对慢性心力衰竭患者心率变异性的影响

目的:观察β-受体阻滞剂治疗慢性心力衰竭(心衰)对心脏自主神经功能的影响.方法:心衰组22例,口服美托洛尔3个月,对照组心功能正常者60例,所有患者均进行24 h Holter检查,对美托洛尔治疗前后及对照组进行心率功率谱时域和频域分析.结果:心衰组治疗前心率变异性(HRV)值较对照组显著降低,其中时域指标:24 h正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、24 h连续相邻R-R间期差值均数的标准差(rMSSD)显著降低(P＜0.001);频域指标:总频谱(TF)、低频(LF)和高频(HF)亦明显降低(P＜0.001).在β-受体阻滞剂治疗3个月后复查,心衰组HRV值均得到改善(P＜0.05).结论:β-受体阻滞剂可改善慢性心衰患者的心率变异性.     

高血压患者左室功能状态与心率变异关系的研究

目的比较高血压患者与正常对照组左室功能及心率变异的相关性.方法用超声心动图的方法测量左室收缩功能及舒张功能指标;用短程心率变异(HRV)检测时域及频域各指标.结果高血压患者HRV时域及频域指标均有不同程度的改变,低频(LF)与高频(HF)比值高血压组与正常组比较差异显著(P＜0.01);HRV时域与频域指标与左室收缩功能指标之间几乎均无相关性(P＞0.05);而与左室舒张功能指标间有一定的相关性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论(1)高血压患者HRV、左室舒张功能损害出现较早.(2)HRV与左室功能状态等的关系研究值得深入探讨,并做出合理解释,对治疗提供有益的理论参考.     

倍他乐克干预急性心肌梗死心率变异性改变的研究

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心率变异性(HRV)改变及小剂量倍他乐克对AMI患者HRV改变的干预。方法分析67例AMI患者及年龄、性别与其匹配的正常对照组40例。AMI患者分为倍他乐克组(n=42)及对照组(n=25)。测定2组患者用药前及用药后3个月的24hHRV。对倍他乐克组治疗前后24hHRV时域指标进行多方面分析。结果(1)AMI组HRV各项时域指标较正常对照组显著降低(P<0.001);(2)AMI组中前壁梗死各项HRV时域指标虽较下壁梗死低下,但未达统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)AMI组住院期间发生室性心律失常者HRV时域指标较无室性心律失常者显著降低(P<0.05);(4)应用小剂量倍他乐克(25mg/日)3个月后HRV各项时域指标较对照组明显恢复(P<0.05);(5)应用小剂量倍他乐克患者心律失常发生率及病死率较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);(6)小剂量倍他乐克对不同部位、年龄、性别AMI患者HRV各项时域指标的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论应用小剂量倍他乐克可显著改善降低的HRV,减少心律失常的发生率,降低病死率,具有普遍适用性。     

美托洛尔对急性心肌梗死心率变异性改变的研究

目的 通过对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者心率变异性（HRV）改变的观察，了解其临床意义；探索β受体阻滞剂（美托洛尔）对AMI患者HRV及预后的影响。方法 分析AMI患者126例和与其匹配的正常对照组60例的年龄、性别等，AMI患者分为美托洛尔组（n=71）及对照组（n=55）。测定2组患者用药前及用药后3个月的24hHRV；对美托洛尔组治疗前后24hHRV时域指标进行多方面分析。结果 ①AMI组HRV各项时域指标较正常对照组显著降低（P〈0．001），AMI组中前壁梗死各项HRV时域指标虽较下壁梗死低下，但未达统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②AMI组住院期间发生室性心律失常者HRV时域指标较无室性心律失常者显著降低（P〈0．05）。②应用美托洛尔（25mg／日）患者心律失常发生率及病死率较对照组明显降低（P〈0．05），对不同部位、年龄、性别AMI患者HRV各项时域指标的影响无显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论 用美托洛尔可显著改善降低的HRV，减少心律失常的发生率，降低病死率，具有普遍应用意义。     

β受体阻滞药干预急性心肌梗死心率变异性改变的多因素研究

目的 :观察急性心肌梗死 ( AMI)病人心率变异性 ( HRV)改变及小剂量倍他乐克对 AMI病人 HRV改变的干预。方法 :分析 67例 AMI病人 2 4h HRV时域指标 ;年龄、性别与其匹配的健康对照组 40例。AMI病人分为倍他乐克组 ( n=42 )及对照组 ( n=2 5 )。测定两组病人用药前及用药后 3 mo的 2 4h HRV。对倍他乐克组治疗前后 2 4h HRV时域指标进行多方面分析。结果 :a.AMI组 HRV各项时域指标较正常对照组显著降低 ,P <0 .0 0 1 ;b.AMI组中前壁梗死各项 HRV时域指标虽较下壁低下 ,但未达统计学意义 ,P >0 .0 5 ;c.AMI组住院期间发生室性心律失常者 HRV时域指标较无室性心律失常者显著降低 ,P <0 .0 5 ;d.应用倍他乐克 2 5 mg/d3 mo后 HRV各项时域指标较对照组明显恢复 ,P <0 .0 5 ,病人心律失常发生率及病死率较对照组明显降低 ,P<0 .0 5 ;e.小剂量倍他乐克对不同部位、不同年龄、不同性别心肌梗死病人 HRV各项时域指标的影响无显著性差异 ,P >0 .0 5。结论 :AMI后存在 HRV降低 ,前壁梗死较下壁梗死 HRV略低但无统计学意义 ,HRV的降低与室性心律失常正相关 ,应用小剂量倍他乐克可显著改善降低的 HRV,减少心律失常的发生率 ,降低病死率 ,且对不同部位、不同年龄、不同性别的 AMI病人 HRV改善无差异 ,具有普遍适用性     

急性心肌梗塞患者心率变异性临床分析

目的　评价心率变异性 (HRV)在急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者中的变化及其预后意义。方法　应用动态心电图对 87例AMI患者和 2 5例年龄相当的正常人及AMI患者死亡组和生存组 2 4hHRV时域和频域指标进行对比分析。时域指标为 :正常R -R间期标准差 (SDNN) ,5min平均心率标准差 (SDANN) ,5minR -R间期标准差的平均数 (SDNNIDX) ,相邻R -R间期之差的均方根值 (RMSSD) ,差值 >5 0ms的百分比 (PNN50 ) ;频域指标为 :总频谱 (TF) ,低频 (LF) ,高频 (HF) ,心率谱密度为ms2 /Hz。结果　AMI组与正常组HRV时域和频域对比分析 ,所有指标均显著下降 ,时域中SDNN、SDANN、SDNNIDX和频域中HF下降尤为显著 ,AMI患者死亡组与生存组比较 ,各项指标进一步下降 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 1)。结论　AMI患者植物神经活性减低 ,尤以副交感神经活性减低明显 ,且死亡者减低更显著。HRV可做为AMI患者独立的预后指标。     

曲美他嗪对急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗后心功能及心率变异性的影响

目的:探讨曲美他嗪对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊介入治疗(PCI)后心功能及心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法:AMI急诊PCI后患者70例,随机分为常规治疗组(A组,n=35)以及曲美他嗪治疗组(B组,曲美他嗪20 mg,3次/d,n=35),应用超声心动图检测患者左室射血分数(LVEF);应用24 h动态心电图(Holter)检测患者HRV。用药治疗2周,观察治疗前后的指标变化。结果:两组治疗前各项指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗2周后两组患者LVEF及HRV均较治疗前升高。但曲美他嗪治疗组改善幅度较常规治疗组大。结论:曲美他嗪可以进一步改善AMI急诊PCI后患者的心功能和心率变异性。     

焦虑症患者的心率变异性研究

目的 运用对心率变异性的时域分析,初步探讨焦虑症患者自主神经系统的功能特点.方法 通过对30名焦虑症患者进行24h的动态心电图监测,并与32名正常健康者进行心率变异性(HRV)时域指标对比分析.结果 静息状态下,焦虑症患者组平均心率(80.27±6.03)次/min,高于正常对照组(73.43±5.57)次/min(t=4.56,P＜0.01),SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50、SDANN、HRVI均低于正常对照组(P＜0.01);焦虑症组以及正常对照组不同性别间各项指标的比较均差异无显著性(P＞0.05);正常对照组平均心率与SDNN,PNN50,HRVI均呈显著负相关(r=-0.54;-0.46;-0.48,P＜0.05),而焦虑症组平均心率与时域各指标均无显著相关性.结论 焦虑症患者自主神经功能下降,以迷走神经张力下降为主,交感神经活动相对亢进.     

倍他乐克对充血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性的影响

目的:观察充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者应用倍他乐克治疗前后心率变异性(HRV)的变化,了解倍他乐克对心率变异性的影响。方法:50例充血性心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组(n=25)和对照组(n=25),治疗组在常规抗心衰基础上,加用倍他乐克。两组在治疗前后用动态心电图时域分析心率变异性各项指标,比较两组治疗前后心率变异性的变化。结果:两组心率变异性(HRV)治疗前无显著差异,治疗后有显著差异(P<0.05),治疗组心率变异性(HRV)高于对照组。结论:倍他乐克能改善CHF患者的HRV。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.