IL-10-1082位点单核苷酸多态性与我国胃癌的关系

目的 研究白细胞介素10(ID-10)基因-1082位点单核苷酸多态性在我国胃癌高发区和低发区普通人群和胃癌患者中的分布,并探讨该位点基因多态性与我国胃癌的关系.方法 用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)检测年龄和性别匹配的广东省104例普通人群及104例胃癌患者和陕西省普通人群和胃癌患者各102例的IL-10-1082位点单核苷酸多态性.采用ELISA检测血清幽门螺杆菌(Hp)IgG.结果 IL-10-1082位点A/A、A/G、G/G三种基因型在本研究人群中的分布频率为86.7%、10.7%和2.4%.在胃癌低发区,胃癌患者携带IL-10-1082 G·的频率明显高于普通人群(14.4% vs 7.7%,X2=4.02,P＜0.05,OR=1.01,95%CI=1.08～3.10),IL-10.1082 G*基因型增加Hp感染后胃癌发生的危险性(X2=5.36,P＜0.05,OR=6.0,95% CI=1.23～17.52);在胃癌高发区,胃癌患者IL-10-1082 G·基因型频率与对照组无明显差异(12.7% vs 16.6%,P＞0.05).两地区胃癌人群ID-10-1082 G·基因型频率无显著差异(12.7% vs 14.4%,X2=0.13,P＞0.05);两地区普通人群中,高发区IL-10-1082 G·基因型频率明显高于低发区(16.6% vs 7.7%,X2=4.27,P＜0.05,OR=1.29,95% CI=I.12～6.11).结论 IL-10.1082 G等位基因增加Hp感染后胃癌发生的危险性,IL-10-1082位点单核苷酸多态性可能与我国汉族人群胃癌发生有关.     

IL-10基因-1082A/G多态性与糖尿病肾病易感性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10, IL-10)基因-1082A/G多态性与糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy, DN)易感性之间的关系。方法 检索建库以来至2019年6月间与IL-10基因1082A/G及DN发病风险相关的病例对照研究,使用纽卡斯尔渥太华(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NOS)标准对纳入文献进行质量评价。采用STATA12.0软件进行统计分析,选择发病风险比值比(odds ratio, OR)及95%置信区间(confidence interval, CI)为效应指标。结果 本研究共纳入10项研究,包含DN患者1759例,单纯糖尿病(diabetes mellitus, DM)患者1525例,健康对照(healty control, HC)者2209例。DN组与单纯DM组比较,IL-10基因-1082A/G多态性在各遗传模型上差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。DN组与健康人群比较,IL-10基因-1082A/G多态性在纯合子模型下与DN呈明显相关性(GG vs AA:OR=0.577, P＜0.05)。将地区进行亚组分析发现,亚洲人群中IL-10基因-1082A/G多态性在除杂合子模型外的其他遗传模型中差异均有统计学意义(G vs A:OR=0.589, P=0.031;GG vs AA:OR=0.349,P=0.000;GG vs GA+AA:OR=0.588,P=0.015;GG+GA vs AA:OR=0.629,P=0.000)。结论IL-10基因-1082A/G多态性与DN发病相关,亚洲人群中G等位基因、GG基因型是DN发病的保护因素。     

IL-10基因多态性与冠状动脉疾病相关性研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素-10(IL-10)基因启动子区-1082位点多态性与冠状动脉疾病(CAD)相关性及其对血清IL-10水平的影响.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析法(PCR-RFLP)检测50例CAD患者、60例健康对照者基因组DNA IL-10基因启动子区域-1082位点的基因多态性,并进行相关性分析.用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定血清IL-10水平.结果 CAD组血清IL-10水平显著低于健康对照组(P＜0.05).CAD组和健康对照组IL-10-1082A/G基因型和等位基因频率比较,差异有显著性意义.等位基因频率的相对风险分析显示,A等位基因携带者患CAD的相对风险是G等位基因的2.827倍.携带A等位基因的CAD患者血清IL-10水平显著低于非携带者.结论 IL-10基因启动子-1082位点多态性影响血清IL-10水平并可能与CAD的临床发展过程相关,其中A等位基因可能是CAD发病的遗传易感基因.     

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1-2518G/A位点基因多态性与糖尿病肾病易感性的Meta分析

目的 评估单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)-2518G/A基因多态性与糖尿病肾病(DN)发病风险的关系.方法 系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、Cochrane Library、中国知网(CNKI)、万方和维普数据库中截至2016年10月收录的所有有关MCP-1-2518G/A基因多态性与DN发病风险的文献.提取相关数据,应用STATA11.0统计软件计算合成数据的比值比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI),同时评估研究的异质性、发表偏倚.结果 共纳入的9项研究涉及2767例独立样本,其中病例组为1096例,对照组为1671例.对于总体人群,在4个基因模型中均未发现MCP-1-2518G/A多态性与DN发病风险有关(显性模型:OR=1.01,95%C I:0.67~1.54;隐性模型:OR=0.93,95%C I:0.60~1.44;纯合子模型:OR=0.93,95%C I:0.70~1.23;杂合子模型:OR=0.89,95%CI:0.61~1.31).亚组分析结果显示,在印度人群中,MCP-1-2518G/A基因多态性会显著增加DN的发病风险(显性模型:OR=1.56,95%CI:1.19~2.06),但在中国人、土耳其人及韩国人中均未发现MCP-1-2518G/A基因多态性与DN的发病风险有关.结论 总体人群中,MCP-1-2518G/A位点基因多态性与DN发病风险无关,但MCP-1-2518G/A位点多态性会增加印度人群DN发病风险,而不增加中国人群、韩国人群、土耳其人群中DN的发病风险.     

血清IL-10水平及其基因-1082A/G位点单核苷酸多态性与胃窦癌恶病质的关系

目的 探讨胃窦癌病人血清细胞因子白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平及-1082A/G位点单核苷酸多态性与恶病质发生的关系.方法 采用放射免疫学方法检测150例胃窦癌病人及135例健康人(对照组)血清IL-10水平.用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测胃窦癌病人IL-10基因-1082A/G位点单核苷酸多态性.结果 胃窦癌病人血清IL-10水平较对照组显著升高(Z=-11.862,P<0.001),胃窦癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期病人血清IL-10水平较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高(Z=-10.028,P<0.001).胃窦癌恶病质病人血清IL-10水平较非恶病质病人显著升高(Z=-10.369,P<0.001).Logistic 回归分析显示,IL-10为恶病质发生的高风险性因素(OR=1.559,95%CI=1.299～1.870,P<0.001).单核苷酸多态性分析显示,胃窦癌恶病质病人IL-10基因-1082G等位基因频率较非恶病质病人显著升高(χ2=3.953,P<0.05).胃窦癌恶病质病人IL-10基因-1082AG基因型频率较非恶病质病人显著升高(χ2=4.511,P<0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,校正肿瘤分期后,IL-10基因-1082AG基因型为胃窦癌恶病质的高风险性因素(OR=2.295,95%CI=1.029～5.117,P<0.05).结论 血清IL-10水平高及IL-10基因-1082AG基因型与胃窦癌病人恶病质的发生具有相关性.     

CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A>G多态性与2型糖尿病易感性的meta分析

目的 系统评价CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A＞G多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)易感性的关系.方法 制定原始文献的纳入、排除标准及检索策略,通过检索学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库及EMBASE、PubMed、ScienceDirect等数据库,收集有关CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A＞G多态性与T2DM易感性的病例对照研究,以病例组与对照组CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点各种基因模型的比值比(OR)及其95％置信区间(CI)为效应指标进行meta分析,并根据研究人群种族不同进行亚组分析.结果 本研究共纳入15篇文献,T2DM组和对照组病例数分别为24 315例和35 132例.Meta分析显示,CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A＞G多态性与T2DM易感性有关联[等位基因模式(G vs A):OR=1.171,95％CI 1.122～1.223,P＜0.001;共显性模式(GG vs AA):OR=1.380,95％CI1.258～1.515,P＜0.001;共显性模式(AG vs AA):OR=1.131,95％CI 1.089～1.176,P＜0.001;显性模式(AG+GGvs AA):OR=1.168,95％CI 1.101～1.240,P＜0.001;隐性模式(CG vs AA+AG):OR=1.343,95％CI 1.282～1.405,P＜0.001].亚组分析显示,亚洲人群和白种人群中携带CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点G等位基因的人群发生T2DM的风险增加(P＜0.05);而非洲人群中携带CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点G等位基因与A等位基因的人群发生T2DM风险的差异无统计学意义.结论 在亚洲人群及白种人群中CDKAL1基因rs7756992位点A＞G等位基因的突变可能是T2DM发病的危险因素之一.     

广西汉族IL-10启动子区基因多态性与HBV易感性及感染转归的关系

目的探讨白细胞介素-10(IL-10)基因启动子区-592A/C、-1082G/A位点单核苷酸多态性与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)易感性及后临床转归之间的关系。方法 256例慢性HBV感染者,其中乙型肝炎肝硬化59例,慢性乙型肝炎151例,慢性HBV携带46例,以52例健康体检者作为对照组。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测各组IL-10基因启动子区-592A/C、-1082G/A位点基因型及等位基因分布频率。结果肝硬化组、肝炎组、携带组与对照组的IL-10-592A/C位点AA、AC、CC基因型及A、C等位基因分布频率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);IL-10-1082G/A位点GG、GA和AA基因型分布频率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),AA基因型频率分布依次为肝硬化组>肝炎组>携带组>对照组(P<0.05);各组IL-10-1082G/A位点G、A等位基因频率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肝硬化组的A等位基因频率分布最高,其余依次为肝炎组、携带组及健康对照组(P<0.05)。不同HBV-DNA水平组的IL-10-592A/C、IL-10-1082G/A两位点基因型及等位基因分布频率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论IL-10-1082G/A位点AA基因型及A等位基因可能与广西汉族人群HBV易感性及其临床结局有关;而IL-10基因启动子区-592A/C、-1082G/A位点多态性可能与广西汉族人群感染HBV后的病毒复制水平无明显关系。     

白细胞介素10-1082G/A位点单核苷酸多态性与膀胱癌的相关性

目的探讨白细胞介素-10(IL-10)基因启动子区域-1082G/A位点单核苷酸多态性与膀胱癌危险性的关系。方法选取浙江汉族人群中膀胱癌患者400例为病例组,400例健康体检者为对照组,以等位基因特异性扩增(allele specific PCRamplification,AS-PCR)结合DNA测序方法,检测病例组和对照组的IL-10-1082G/A基因型,比较不同基因型与膀胱癌危险性以及膀胱癌临床分期之间的关系。结果病例组和对照组的IL-10-1082G/A位点基因型分布和等位基因频率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.375,P<0.05;χ2=8.322,P<0.01);AA基因型的个体与携带G等位基因型的个体(GG型和GA型)相比,携带等位基因A的个体与携带等位基因G的个体相比,其患膀胱癌危险性分别增加2.055倍和1.990倍(OR=2.055,95%CI:1.252～3.374;OR=1.990,95%CI:1.237～3.203);IL-10-1082G/A位点基因型与膀胱癌的临床分期无直接相关性。结论 IL-10-1082G/A多态性与膀胱癌危险性相关,该位点SNP检测可作为膀胱癌可能的分子标志物。     

白介素-10基因多态性与肺结核病易感性的研究

目的 研究白介素-10(IL-10)基因(-1082 G/A)多态性与肺结核病易感性的关系.方法 利用序列特异性引物多聚酶链反应(RCR-SSP)技术对40例肺结核患者及40例对照人群IL-10(-1082 G/A)多态性进行检测,并对其易感性进行分析.结果 对照组IL-10(-1082 G/A)AA基因型频率(0.825)显著高于患者组(0.55)(P＜0.01).GA基因型患者组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).患者纽G等位基因频率(0.25)显著高于对照组(0.1)(P＜0.01),RR为1.57,95%CI(1.10～2.24),P＜0.05.结论 IL-10(-1082 G/A)多态性可能与肺结核病的易感性相关,因此其多态性检测可作为遗传标记进行检测,用于早期发现对肺结核病易感的高风险人群,对于结核病防治工作具有重要意义.     

人端粒酶催化亚单位基因单核苷酸多态性与胃癌的关系

目的 探讨人端粒酶催化亚单位基因(human telomerase catalytic subunit,hTERT)Ex2-659A/G位点单核苷酸多态性与胃癌患者发病风险的关系.方法 对甘肃西部三家医院外科手术切除168例胃癌患者(病例组)和同期在上述医院查体的健康人群156例(对照组)进行病例对照研究;采用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP)对2组进行基因型分析,比较各基因型分布频率和发病风险的关系.结果 病例组hTERT Ex2-659A/G位点从、AG、GG基因型的频率与对照组相比无显著差异.病例组A、G等位基因频率分别为44.74%和55.26%,对照组为43.42%和56.58%,2组A、G等位基因型频率比较有显著性差异(x2=5.373 4,P=0.020 4).与G/G基因型相比,A/G和A/A 2种基因型的个体患胃癌的危险度(OR)分别为0.519 (95% CI:0.310～0.870,P=0.013)、0.550(95% CI:0.255～1.188,P=0.128).结论 hTERT Ex2-659A/G单核苷酸多态性可能为胃癌的保护因素.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.