EDTA抗凝剂引起血小板假性减少原因分析及对策

目的 探讨乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)抗凝剂引起血小板假性减少的原因及解决方法.方法 用血细胞分析仪分别检测50例健康体检者和16例EDTA所致血小板聚集患者的EDTA-K2抗凝静脉血与枸橼酸钠抗凝静脉血的血小板数,同时采末梢血进行手工血小板计数.结果 50例健康体检者不同时间段的枸橼酸钠抗凝血的血小板计数结果、...     

EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少症及检测方法分析

目的 通过对本院1例EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少症病例的报道及检测方法的分析,提醒临床和检验科医生对此病症的警惕与重视.方法 采用仪器法、末梢血手工计数法进行血小板计数的比对.结果 手工计数法142×109/L,仪器法EDTA抗凝血10 min后已明显降至正常值以下,2 h时计数已降至9×109/L,枸橼酸钠抗凝血则无明显下降.结论 2种抗凝血于采血后即刻检测,仪器法结果与手工法一致.EDTA抗凝血随着时间延长PLT计数下降明显,而枸橼酸钠抗凝血则基本没有影响.     

EDTA-K2依赖性假性血小板减少患者检测分析

目的:分析EDTA-K2依赖性假性血小板减少患者检测效果。方法:采集15例EDTA-K2依赖性假性血小板减少患者的适量静脉血,分别用EDTA-K2与枸橼酸钠抗凝,并应用全自动细胞分析仪、手工法计数血小板和血涂片瑞氏染色观察血小板聚集情况。结果:经EDTA-K2抗凝后血小板计数(47.36±9.86)×10~9个/L,血涂片显示血小板聚集,并成堆分布;经枸橼酸钠抗凝后检测血小板计数(156.87±26.18)×10~9个/L,血涂片显示不存在血小板聚集,均单个分布;经手工法计数血小板为(159.87±35.17)×10~9个/L;EDTA抗凝法计数血小板远低于枸橼酸钠抗凝法计数和手工法计数(P<0.05),枸橼酸钠抗凝法计数血小板和手工法计数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:血液检验科医师对出现血小板计数显著减少且无出血症状者,则考虑为EDTA-K2依赖性假性血小板减少症,并及时采集血样处理,改用枸橼酸钠抗凝法或手工法血小板计数,以提高诊断准确率。     

EDTA-K2在血液分析仪血小板检测中的应用及阿米卡星对EDTA-K2相关的假性血小板减少症的纠正作用

目的 确认乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)是全自动血液分析仪血小板检测的首选抗凝剂,研究EDTA-K2抗凝剂致假性血小板减少的原因,寻找纠正EDTA-K2相关的假性血小板减少症(EDTA-PTCP)的方法.方法 纳入2015年6月至2016年6月我院健康志愿者25例,采集的血标本分别用EDTA-K2、枸橼酸钠和肝素钠抗凝剂进行抗凝.纳入同期我院确诊的EDTA-PTCP患者10例,采集的血标本分别用EDTA-K2、EDTA-K2+阿米卡星抗凝.健康志愿者和EDTA-PTCP患者的血标本均同时用全自动血液分析仪及血小板手工计数.结果 健康志愿者EDTA-K2抗凝血标本的血小板计数和手工血小板计数在30 min内差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);枸橼酸钠、肝素钠抗凝血标本的血小板计数和手工血小板计数在5、15、30、60 min时差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).EDTA-PTCP患者的EDTA-K2抗凝血标本在0、30、60、90 min时的血小板计数均低于手工血小板计数(P＜0.01).在EDTA-K2抗凝血标本中加入阿米卡星后,血小板计数随着时间延长而逐渐增加,90 min时与手工血小板计数相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 EDTA-K2的抗凝效果优于枸橼酸钠、肝素钠抗凝剂,是全自动血液分析仪血小板检测的首选抗凝剂.EDTA-PTCP患者的血标本在使用EDTA-K2作为抗凝剂时,可以用阿米卡星纠正.     

EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少原因分析及纠正方法

目的：分析偶尔发生在血常规检测过程中出现乙二胺四乙酸盐(EDTA)依赖性假性血小板减少症(EDTA-PTCP)的现象和纠正措施。方法分别使用末梢血稀释法、抗凝剂替换法、网织红细胞通道计数法、外周血涂片染色法等检测方法,对淮安市一院2例EDTA-PTCP患者的标本进行测定。结果 EDTA抗凝常规通道检测血小板数减少,分别为14×109/L和7×109/L、枸橼酸钠抗凝法分别为122×109/L,99×109/L、末梢血稀释法分别为116×109/L,95×109/L、网织红细胞通道计数法分别为127×109/L,105×109/L,血小板计数基本正常,直接外周血涂片染色血小板分布正常。结论 EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少现象,可通过末梢血稀释法、抗凝剂替代法、网织红细胞通道计数法、外周血涂片染色法等方法加以纠正。     

10例EDTA-K2抗凝致假性血小板减少分析

目的分析EDTA-K2抗凝致假性血小板减少的检测结果、原因、纠正的方法,避免临床误诊误治。方法用Seymex KX-21N三分类血液分析仪对10例PTCP患者均分别测定EDTA-K2抗凝血、手指不抗凝血的血小板数,同时指血手工计数血小板。结果 EDTA-K2抗凝全血PLT均值明显低于不抗凝指血与手工计数均值(P<0.01);手工法与指血稀释模式相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.01);EDTA-K2抗凝血P.LT直方图都出现报警信号,图形不同于指血稀释模式和正常人;EDTA-K2抗凝血涂片姬-萨染色,PLT呈大团聚集,不抗凝手指血PLT呈散在或小簇分布。结论 EDTA-K2可致血小板假性减少,引起PTCP;同时检测手指不抗凝血及指血手工计数血小板可排查PTCP,避免误诊误治。     

38例EDTA-K2抗凝剂引起血小板假性减少患者四种方法复检结果对比分析

目的:对比分析EDTA-K2抗凝剂引起血小板假性减少患者用枸橼酸钠抗凝静脉血、肝素锂静脉抗凝血、末梢血、手工显微镜计数法、涂片法进行复检结果对比及分析。方法:对38例EDTA-K2抗凝、血液分析仪mindray BC-5180测定血小板明显减低,涂片染色镜检均发现血小板聚集且体表检查无出血、淤点、淤斑等症状符合诊断为EDTA依赖性血小板减少症患者,采用1枸橼酸钠抗凝静脉血、肝素锂抗凝静脉血复检血小板;2采末梢指血用不含任何抗凝剂的稀释液稀释后用血细胞分析仪测定血小板;3手工显微镜计数法计数血小板;4每例患者分别制作抗凝标本和末梢指血合格涂片用瑞氏-姬姆萨染液染色后显微镜镜检。结果:38例EDTA依赖性血小板减少症患者35例能用枸橼酸钠、肝素锂抗凝标本同时纠正,两者纠正数值和手工显微镜计数法、末梢指血计数结果相接近,血涂片镜检观察血小板呈散在分布;2例用肝素锂抗凝标本能纠正枸橼酸钠抗凝标本不能纠正,手工显微镜计数法、末梢指血计数结果和肝素锂抗凝标本纠正结果相接近而和枸橼酸钠抗凝标本不符,血涂片镜检肝观察肝素钠抗凝血血小板呈散在分布而枸橼酸钠抗凝血成片聚集;1例枸橼酸钠、肝素锂抗凝标本均不能纠正,两者纠正结果和手工显微镜计数法、末梢指血计数结果不符,血涂片血小板均出现成片聚集。结论:大多数EDTA依赖性血小板减少患者能用枸橼酸钠、肝素锂抗凝标本加以纠正,极少数不能纠正的可以采集患者末梢指血直接置于不含任何抗凝剂的稀释液中用血细胞分析仪计数血小板值或用手工显微镜计数法计数血小板值。     

10例EDTA-K_2抗凝致假性血小板减少分析

目的分析EDTA-K2抗凝致假性血小板减少的检测结果、原因、纠正的方法,避免临床误诊误治。方法用Seymex KX-21N三分类血液分析仪对10例PTCP患者均分别测定EDTA-K2抗凝血、手指不抗凝血的血小板数,同时指血手工计数血小板。结果 EDTA-K2抗凝全血PLT均值明显低于不抗凝指血与手工计数均值（P〈0.01）;手工法与指血稀释模式相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.01）;EDTA-K2抗凝血P.LT直方图都出现报警信号,图形不同于指血稀释模式和正常人;EDTA-K2抗凝血涂片姬-萨染色,PLT呈大团聚集,不抗凝手指血PLT呈散在或小簇分布。结论 EDTA-K2可致血小板假性减少,引起PTCP;同时检测手指不抗凝血及指血手工计数血小板可排查PTCP,避免误诊误治。     

EDTA-K2抗凝剂致PLT假性降低的探讨

目的探讨全血细胞分析仪检测EDTA-K2抗凝血对PLT读数的影响.方法用CD-1700全自动血细胞分析仪检测静脉血的PLT(EDTA-K2抗凝).同时动用CD-1700全自动血细胞分析仪预稀释功能及人工计数末梢血的PLT.结果EDTA-K2抗凝静脉血的PLT为(7±1.3)G/L,CD-1700预稀释功能及人工计数末梢血的PLT分别为(195.6±20.1)G/L、(204.1±22.2)G/L.用t检验方法得出前者与后两者之间有极其显著性差别(P＜0.01),而后两者之间则无显著性差别(P＞0.05).结论EDTA-K2抗凝剂致偶见患者PLT假性降低.应用直接取末梢血,进行人工计数或动用CD-1700预稀释功能,确保结果的准确性.而动用CD-1700预稀释功能更方便、快速.     

EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少症血小板检测

目的 验证EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少症几种检测方法的可靠性,为检验工作人员提供参考依据.方法 对9例EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少症病例采全血分别用EDTA-K2和枸橼酸钠（9∶1）抗凝仪器法,采外周血稀释模式仪器法分别于5 min、30 min、60 min、120 min检测并制作血涂片,计数样本在不同抗凝剂不同时间段血小板数和血液涂片中的血小板聚集情况,另做手工计数法计数.结果 在5 min内即刻检测,各种抗凝剂结果均可接受,且计数值相近.30 min后EDTA-K2抗凝的标本计数值下降明显,部分枸橼酸钠抗凝的标本也有不同程度的下降,外周血稀释模式仪器法各标本结果下降均在可接受范围内.结论 对于EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少症患者可采取EDTA-K2抗凝即刻检测,或做外周血稀释模式仪器法检测及手工法计数,而采取枸橼酸钠抗凝法不可取.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.