浅低温不停跳体外循环方法在重症搭桥手术中的应用

目的:总结重症患者在浅低温不停跳体外循环(extracorporeal circulation,ECC)下行冠状动脉旁路移植手术的效果。方法:2010年1月至2011年5月对34例择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术(coro-nary artery bypass grafting surgery,CABG)的重症患者(左主干病变、左心室舒张末期内径>60 mm、左心室射血分数<40%、术前Euroscore评分>6分、术前心源性休克、急性心肌梗死)施行浅低温ECC下不停跳CABG,术前均存在不稳定型心绞痛。其中10例(28%)合并糖尿病。3例(44%)患者术前应用了主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic ballon pump,IABP)。分析总结重症CABG患者体外循环管理经验。结果:平均ECC时间68 min(42～123 min),机械通气时间平均18 h(6～84 h),ICU滞留时间平均2 d(14h～14 d),住院时间平均22 d(10～34 d)。12例患者术后应用IABP。无与ECC相关的神经系统并发症,肾功能不全6例(18%),并应用肾替代疗法。死亡2例(6%)。结论:对严重心功能不全或血管条件不好的重症CABG患者,采用浅低温不停跳ECC是一种安全可靠的手术方法。     

Initial impact of drug-eluting stents on coronary artery bypass grafting

The impact of drug-eluting stents (DES) on the characteristics and operative results of patients referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was studied. We reviewed data from isolated CABG patients 24 months before (group A, n = 134) and 24 months after (group B, n = 98) the introduction of DES for clinical use at Teikyo University Hospital in Tokyo. Group B patients were significantly older than those of group A (66 +/- 9 versus 69 +/- 9 years old). The number of diseased vessels was significantly larger in group B (2.5 +/- 0.6 versus 2.7 +/- 0.5) and left main trunk disease decreased in group B (27% versus 17%). Preoperative IABP support was more frequent in group B (9% versus 17%) and beating heart surgery was significantly more frequent in group B (26% versus 59%). The number of grafts was similar in the 2 groups (3.2 +/- 1.4 versus 3.0 +/- 1.1). The operative mortality rates were 0.7% and 4.1% in group A and B, respectively. Incomplete revascularization followed by postoperative percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 11% and 12%, respectively, and all the patients survived surgery. The operative mortality rates for arrested heart and beating heart surgery were 2% and 2%, respectively. In conclusion, after the introduction of DES, more clinically ill patients were referred to CABG. Combination therapy consisting of CABG and PCI (Hybrid) may be a treatment of choice in critical patients.     

严重左主干病变急救处理及急诊搭桥术对病人预后的影响

目的 探讨严重左主干病变病人不同处理方案以及外科搭桥手术者对临床预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析了左主干冠状动脉狭窄＞70%病人的临床预后.结果 共发现严重左主干病变24例.冠状动脉造影后无症状者17例(71%),在72 h内接受冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG),手术成功率为100%,住院期间无死亡病例.7例病人在冠状动脉造影后出现心肌缺血症状,其中6例在导管室内、1例在监护室出现室性心动过速,4例在导管室内抢救后,立即植入主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)并行急诊CABG术,成功率为100%.3例因未能及时植入IABP和行急诊CABG,病人均在冠状动脉造影后12 h内死亡.结论 严重左主干病变病人预后凶险,特别是冠状动脉造影后有明显缺血症状的病人,及时置入IABP和行急诊搭桥术,多能改善病人的预后.     

1516例男性患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用主动脉内球囊反搏危险因素Logistic分析

目的:非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)是治疗冠心病主要手段之一。本文拟通过回顾性Logistic分析1 516例施行OPCABG男性患者,术中应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)的独立危险因素,为此类患者提供手术依据和前瞻性判断。方法:采用麻醉科2007年11月至2009年2月OP-CABG围术期数据库,回顾性分析了1 516例记录齐全的男性患者OPCABG围术期资料。以术中应用IABP为因变量,将有统计学意义的单因素进行Logistic回归分析并评价各影响因素的作用大小。结果:术前射血分数(EF)<40%(OR=4.946,P=0.001)、搭桥数>3支(OR=2.340,P=0.007)、左主干病变(OR=2.857,P=0.001)、急诊(OR=4.816,P=0.001)和术中发生心房颤动(P=0.001,OR=12.188)为围术期应用IABP的独立危险因素。结论:术前EF<40%、旁路移植血管数>3支、左主干病变、急诊和术中发生心房颤动为术中应用IABP的独立危险因素,提示在遇到这类患者时,及早在术前应用IABP,对于OPCABG患者是有益的。     

主动脉内球囊反搏术在冠心病外科的临床应用

本文分析了１９７２年至１９９３年冠心病外科术后患者施行主动脉内球囊反搏术（ＩＡＢＰ）６７例（１４．５％）的治疗经验。应用ＩＡＢＰ的适应证包括：①左室室壁瘤较大或合并梗死后室间隔穿孔，左室射血分数低于３０％，以及病变广泛且远端血管较细等；②术中脱离体外循环机有困难；③术后顽固性低心输出量综合征；④围术期心肌梗死。得出如下结论：①预防性ＩＡＢＰ有助于重症冠心病外科术后患者的顺利恢复；②ＩＡＢＰ使术后低心输出量综合征及左心功能不全得以改善，从而降低了手术死亡率。     

Atrial fibrillation after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery

OBJECTIVES: The study compared the adjusted risk for developing atrial fibrillation (AF) after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery (MIDCAB) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation results in increased morbidity and delays hospital discharge after CABG. Recently, MIDCAB has been explored as an alternative to CABG. Because of differences in surgical approach between the two procedures, the incidence of AF may differ. METHODS: Randomly selected patients undergoing CABG and MIDCAB were examined. Baseline variables and postoperative course were recorded through review of medical record data. RESULTS: The MIDCAB patients were younger than CABG patients (64+/-12 vs. 67+/-10, p<0.04) and had less extensive coronary artery disease (53% of MIDCAB vs. 3% of CABG had single-vessel disease, while 15% of MIDCAB vs. 69% of CABG had triple-vessel disease, p<0.001 for overall group comparisons). No other differences in clinical or treatment data were noted. Postoperative AF occurred less often after MIDCAB (23% vs. 39%, p = 0.02). Other significant factors associated with postoperative AF included age (p = 0.0024), prior AF (p = 0.0007), left main disease (p = 0.01), number of vessels bypassed (p = 0.009), absence of postoperative beta-blocker therapy (p = 0.0001), and a serious postoperative complication (p = 0.0018). Because of differences between CABG and MIDCAB patients, multivariate logistic analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of postoperative AF. The type of surgery (CABG vs. MIDCAB) was no longer a significant predictor of postoperative AF (estimated relative risk for AF in CABG vs. MIDCAB patients: 1.57, 95% confidence interval (0.82-2.52). CONCLUSIONS: Although AF appears to be less common after MIDCAB than after CABG, the lower incidence is due to different clinical characteristics of patients undergoing these procedures.     

Coronary artery bypass surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with multivessel coronary disease

BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents (DES) constitute a major breakthrough in restenosis prevention after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study compared the clinical outcomes of PCI using DES versus coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) in real-world. METHODS: From January 2003 to December 2004, 466 consecutive patients with MVD underwent revascularization, 235 by PCI with DES and 231 by CABG. The study end-point was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at the first 30 days after procedure and during follow-up. RESULTS: Most preoperative characteristics were similar in the two groups, but left main disease (24.7% vs 2.6%, P<0.001) and three-vessel disease (65% vs 54%, P = 0.02) were more prevalent in CABG group. The number of coronary lesions was also greater in CABG group (3.7 +/- 1.1 vs 3.3 +/- 1.1, P<0.001). Despite higher early morbidity (3.9% vs 0.8%, P = 0.03) associated with CABG, there were no significant differences in composite MACEs at the first 30 days between the two groups. During follow-up (mean 25+/-8 months), the incidence of death, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular event was similar in both groups (PCI 6.3% vs CABG 5.6%, P = 0.84). However, bypass surgery still afforded a lower need for repeat revascularization (2.8% vs 10.4%, p = 0.001). Consequently, overall MACE rate (14.5% vs 7.9%, P = 0.03) remained higher after PCI. CONCLUSION: PCI with DES is a safe and feasible alternative to CABG for selected patients with MVD. The reintervention gap was further narrowed in the era of DES. Aside from restenosis, progression of disease needs to receive substantial emphasis.     

Prognostic significance of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia identified postoperatively after coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction

INTRODUCTION: Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) occurs frequently in the postoperative period (< or = 30 days) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, a setting where many factors may play a role in its genesis. The prognosis of NSVT in this setting in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is unknown. This study was designed to assess its significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared the outcome of untreated patients enrolled in the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial with coronary artery disease (CAD), LV dysfunction, and NSVT identified postoperatively after CABG (n = 228; mean age 67 years, 84% males) versus nonpostoperative settings (n = 1,302; mean age 66 years, 85% males). Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was induced in 27% and 33% (P = 0.046) of patients with postoperative and nonpostoperative NSVT, respectively. The 2- and 5-year rates of arrhythmic events were 6% and 16%, respectively, in postoperative patients versus 15% and 29% in nonpostoperative patients (unadjusted P = 0.0020, adjusted P = 0.0082). The 2- and 5-year overall mortality rates were 15% and 36%, respectively, for postoperative patients versus 24% and 47% for nonpostoperative patients (unadjusted P = 0.0005, adjusted P = 0.027). Patients whose NSVT was identified early (<10 days) versus late (10-30 days) after CABG had significantly lower 2- (13% vs 23%) and 5-year (30% vs 52%) mortality rates (unadjusted P = 0.024, adjusted P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: In this population of patients with CAD and LV dysfunction, the occurrence of postoperative NSVT, especially within 10 days after CABG, portends a far better outcome than when it occurs in nonpostoperative settings. This suggests that in a such setting, NSVT represents a less specific risk factor for future events and should be considered when assigning risk and treatment of similar patients.     

Prophylactic Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation in High Risk Cardiac Surgery: The PINBALL Pilot Multicentre,Registry-Linked,Randomised, Controlled Feasibility Trial

BackgroundProphylactic intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) is commonly used in selected patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, but definitive evidence is lacking. The aim of the multicentre PINBALL Pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) was to assess the feasibility of performing a definitive trial to address this question.MethodsPatients listed for CABG surgery with impaired left ventricular function and at least one additional risk factor for postoperative low cardiac output syndrome were eligible for inclusion if the treating surgical team was uncertain as to the benefit of prophylactic IABC. The primary outcome of feasibility was based on exceeding a pre-specified recruitment rate, protocol compliance and follow-up.ResultsThe recruitment rate of 0.5 participants per site per month did not meet the feasibility threshold of two participants per site per month and the study was stopped early after enrolment of 24 out of the planned sample size of 40 participants. For 20/24 (83%) participants, preoperative IABC use occurred according to study assignment. Six (6)-month follow-up was available for all enrolled participants, [IABC 1 death (8%) vs. control 1 death (9%), p = 0.95].ConclusionThe PINBALL Pilot recruitment rate was insufficient to demonstrate feasibility of a multicentre RCT of prophylactic IABC in high risk patients undergoing CABG surgery.     

Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery with percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents for unprotected left main coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of consecutive, selected patients treated with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) for unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease. BACKGROUND: Although recent data suggest that PCI with DES provides better clinical outcomes compared to bare-metal stenting for ULMCA disease, there is a paucity of data comparing PCI with DES to CABG. METHODS: Since April 2003, when DES first became available at our institution, 123 patients underwent CABG, and 50 patients underwent PCI with DES for ULMCA disease. RESULTS: High-risk patients (Parsonnet score >15) comprised 46% of the CABG group and 64% of the PCI group (p = 0.04). The 30-day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) rate for CABG and PCI was 17% and 2% (p < 0.01), respectively. The mean follow-up was 6.7 +/- 6.2 months in the CABG group and 5.6 +/- 3.9 months in the PCI group (p = 0.26). The estimated MACCE-free survival at six months and one year was 83% and 75% in the CABG group versus 89% and 83% in the PCI group (p = 0.20). By multivariable Cox regression, Parsonnet score, diabetes, and CABG were independent predictors of MACCE. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher percentage of high-risk patients, PCI with DES for ULMCA disease was not associated with an increase in immediate or medium-term complications compared with CABG. Our data suggest that a randomized comparison between the two revascularization strategies for ULMCA may be warranted.     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for patients with left main disease

BACKGROUND: Multivessel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been performed with favorable results in our institute. In this study, we analyzed the outcomes in patients who underwent off-pump CABG for left main disease, since the surgical outcomes for such patients have not been clarified. METHODS: Between March 1, 1999 and July 30, 2002, a total of 147 patients with left main disease (112 males and 35 females, mean age 66.9 +/- 9.8 years) underwent off-pump CABG. Perioperative and follow-up data were entered into a structured database and the results were analyzed. RESULTS: Urgent or emergent surgery was performed in 25 patients (17.0%), and a preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump was used in 12 patients (8.2%). The mean number of bypass grafts was 3.2 +/- 1.0, and complete revascularization was performed in 127 patients (86.4%). There were 4 incidences of intraoperative conversion from off-pump to on-pump surgery. The mean intubation period, intensive care unit stay and postoperative hospital stay were 9.4 +/- 13.0 h, 2.3 +/- 1.4 days and 13.4 +/- 7.3 days, respectively. There was 1 hospital death (0.7%). Postoperative myocardial infarction was observed in 2 patients (1.4%), postoperative stroke in 1 (0.7%), prolonged ventilator support in 5 (3.4%) and mediastinitis in 3 (2.0%). During the follow-up period of 2.1 +/- 1.0 years, there were 4 deaths and 7 cardiac events. The actuarial 3-year survival rate was 97.0%, and the event-free rate was 94.3%. CONCLUSION: Our observations support off-pump CABG as a surgical option with a favorable outcome for patients with left main disease.     

Coronary angioplasty in high risk patients: comparison of elective intraaortic balloon pump and percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support--a randomized study

Forty patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 30% were randomized between prophylactic intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) support (N = 20) and percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass (PCPB) support (N = 20). The indications for both groups were left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and a large area of myocardium (> 50%) being perfused by the target vessel. The IABP and PCPB supported groups were comparable in LVEF (20% +/- 6.4% vs 22.8% +/- 8.1%), mean pulmonary artery pressure (46.5 +/- 10.5 mmHg vs 42.6 +/- 12.6 mmHg), average number of vessels dilated (1.4 vs 1.3), mean inflation time (2.8 +/- 0.3 min vs 3.1 +/- 0.5 min), and hospital stay after PTCA (5.6 +/- 1.2 days vs 5.2 +/- 1.4 days). The primary success rate (95% vs 95%) and hospital mortality (5% vs 5%) were also similar in the two groups. Two patients required surgical exploration of the femoral artery and eight patients required blood transfusion in the PCPB group. IABP patients had no vascular complications and did not require blood transfusion. High risk PTCA is equally effective whether using prophylactic IABP or PCPB support. PCPB support, however, has a higher rate of vascular complications and need for blood transfusions. IABP has the additional advantage of ease of insertion and the support can be used for a longer period after PTCA, if required.     

Treatment of unprotected left main disease with drug-eluting stents in patients at high risk for coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for high-grade stenosis of the left main coronary artery with bare-metal stents has been limited by restenosis, and most patients are managed with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Recently, drug-eluting stents (DES) have reduced instent restenosis after PCI, but their role in the treatment of left main disease remains unclear. AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes after utilizing DES to treat left main disease. METHODS: Twenty consecutive symptomatic patients with >50% angiographic stenosis of the left main coronary artery with no prior history of CABG ["unprotected left main" (ULM)] underwent PCI with DES. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence (Group A, n=5) or absence (Group B, n=15) of preprocedural cardiogenic shock. At follow up (median, 14 months), cumulative major adverse cardiac events (MACE-death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization) were determined. RESULTS: Sixteen (80%) of 20 patients were at high risk for CABG because of comorbidity, advanced age, or cardiogenic shock. Procedural success was 100% (20/20). Three of five patients in Group A (60%) died in hospital and the two surviving patients experienced no MACE at follow up. In Group B (n=15), there was no in-hospital MACE, but one patient died suddenly 8 weeks postprocedure [cumulative MACE of 7% (1/15)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of ULM treatment with DES with acceptable medium-term outcomes. While CABG remains the best form of revascularization for the majority of patients with ULM, DES should be considered in those who are at high risk.     

冠状动脉主干重度狭窄搭桥术麻醉处理486例总结

目的:探讨冠心病冠状动脉主干重度狭窄患者,行搭桥术临床特点及围术期治疗措施。方法:我们对2001年1月至2010年10月,486例冠状动脉主干重度狭窄行搭桥术患者的麻醉及围术期治疗进行回顾性分析。结果:442例行非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCABG)。28例在体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)。16例患者在OPCABG过程中,由于发生严重心肌缺血、心动过速及低血压,改为体外循环下完成手术。113例放置主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP),包括术前、麻醉前放置8例,麻醉后及术中放置78例,术后放置27例。死亡9例,发生在术后72 h内。结论:冠心病冠状动脉主干重度狭窄患者,围术期需要维持心率、血压平稳、合理的血管扩张药和正性肌力药物选用,IABP的积极使用,完备的体外循环和急救药的准备,防治患者围术期冠状动脉痉挛和心肌梗死。     

Complete arterial revascularisation in patients older than 70 years.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using left internal thoracic artery and vein grafts is standard in patients of advanced age. A number of these patients, however, present without suitable vein grafting material and thus require the use of arterial conduits. In order to investigate the safety and efficacy of complete arterial revascularisation, we have compared the perioperative results of patients older than 70 years with conventional CABG and complete arterial revascularisation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Group I (n = 172) with conventional CABG in 1999 was compared with 152 patients (group II) with complete arterial CABG between 1996 and July 2000. There were no significant differences regarding age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction or incidence of three-vessel disease or left main stenosis. The proportion of reoperations was significantly higher in group II (16 %) vs. group I (4 %). RESULTS: A mean of 3.7 +/- 0.7 anastomoses (I) versus 4.0 +/- 0.9 (II) were performed per patient (p = n. s.). Mean operating time (I: 210 +/- 46 min; II: 194 +/- 46 min) and bypass time (I: 87 +/- 25 min; II: 78 +/- 29 min) were significantly lower in group II. Ischemic time (I: 46 +/- 22 min; II: 49 +/- 21 min) was not significantly different. The incidence of sternal dehiscence was 2.9 % (I: n = 5) vs. 1.3 % (II: n = 2). Hospital mortality was 4.6 % in group I vs. 3.9 % (II). CONCLUSION: Complete arterial revascularisation is a safe option in patients aged over 70. It remains to be shown whether it may also have advantage in the long term.     

Influence of peripheral vascular occlusive disease on the morbidity and mortality of coronary artery bypass grafting

The impact of peripheral vascular occlusive disease (PVD) on outcome for patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was assessed by comparing preoperative and intraoperative patient characteristics and outcome in 2 groups of patients who underwent CABG (patients with PVD, n=96; patients without PVD, n=593). Patients with PVD were significantly older (69+/-8.4 vs 63+/-8.7; p<0.0001), and had a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (48% vs 32%; p<0.01), hypertension (62% vs 46%; p<0.01), preoperative cerebral infarction (26% vs 12%; p<0.001) and chronic renal dysfunction (11% vs 4.4%; p<0.01) than those without PVD. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were assessed, after those risk factors were adjusted, using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) rate and in-hospital mortality rate were significantly higher in patients with PVD than in patients without PVD (9.4% vs 3.0%; p=0.0108, 17% vs 2.7%; p=0.0003, respectively). The odds ratio of PMI and in-hospital mortality were 3.4 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.3-8.6) and 4.3 (95% CI: 2.0-9.5), respectively. Although the excess mortality rate was mainly the result of cardiac problems, such as low output syndrome or arrhythmia, in most of the cases, PVD, which may frequently prevent the use of the intraaortic balloon pump, also seemed to have a strong relation to postoperative morbidity and mortality.     

预防性置入主动脉内球囊反搏应用于高危冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术临床疗效分析

目的 探讨预防性置入主动脉内球囊反搏（Intra-aortic balloon pump ,IABP)在高危冠心病患者接受冠状动脉旁路移植术（Coronary artery bypass graft,CABG）中的临床疗效。方法 回顾并总结我院2013年01月-2020年06月175例CABG围术期行IABP置入术患者的临床资料,术前平均年龄（61.2±9.2）岁,其中男性131人（74.9%）。根据IABP置入时机分为预防性置入组（术前置入IABP）（n=66）和对照组（术中或术后置入IABP）（n=109）,对比分析两组患者临床资料。结果 两组患者一般基线资料差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,预防性置入组IABP支持时间（h,107.5±68.3 vs 130.4±72.6）,机械通气时间（h,76.9±82.1 vs 129.6±160.5）,ICU监护时间（h,145.9±99.9 vs 196.4±180.5）显著减少（P?0.05）。术后急性肾损伤（13.6% vs 28.4%）、低心排量综合征（0 vs 6.4%）、多器官功能衰竭（0 vs 7.3%）发生率降低,差异有统计学意义（P?0.05）。预防性置入组围术期死亡率（10.6%）低于对照组（22.9%）,差异有统计学意义（P?0.05）。结论 对于接受CABG治疗的高危冠心病患者,术前预防性置入IABP可降低患者围术期死亡率,降低术后急性肾损伤、低心排量综合征、多器官功能衰竭发生率,缩短IABP支持时间、机械通气时间、ICU监护时间。     

Coronary bypass surgery improves global and regional left ventricular function following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. TAMI Study Group

Coronary bypass surgery was performed prior to hospital discharge in 303 (22%) of 1387 consecutive patients enrolled in the TAMI 1 to 3 and 5 trials of intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Bypass surgery was of emergency nature (less than 24 hours from treatment with intravenous thrombolytic therapy) in 36 (2.6%) and was deferred (greater than 24 hours) in 267 (19.3%) patients. The indications for bypass surgery included failed angioplasty (12%); left main or equivalent coronary disease (9%); complex or multivessel coronary disease (62%); recurrent postinfarction angina (13%); and refractory pump dysfunction, mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal rupture or abnormal predischarge functional test (1% each). Although patients having bypass surgery were older (59.5 +/- 9.8 versus 56.0 +/- 10.2 years, (p less than 0.0001), had more extensive coronary artery disease (46% with three-vessel disease versus 11%, (p less than 0.0001), had more frequent diabetes mellitus (19% versus 15%, (p = 0.048), had more prior infarctions (p less than 0.0001), had more severe initial depression in global left ventricular ejection fraction (48.0 +/- 11.9% versus 51.8 +/- 11.9%, p = 0.0002), and regional infarct zone (-2.7 +/- 0.94 versus -2.5 +/- 1.1 SD/chord, p = 0.02) and noninfarct zone function (-0.36 +/- 1.8 versus 0.43 +/- 1.6 SD/chord, p less than 0.0001) than patients not having coronary bypass surgery, no difference in the incidence of death in hospital (7% surgical versus 6% nonsurgical) or death at long-term follow-up of hospital survivors (7% surgical versus 6% nonsurgical) was noted between groups. Surgical patients demonstrated a greater degree of recovery in left ventricular ejection fraction (3.4 +/- 9.8% versus 0.16 +/- 8.5%, p = 0.036) and infarct zone regional function (0.71 +/- 1.1 versus 0.34 +/- 0.99 SD/chord, p = 0.001) when immediate (90 minutes following initiation of thrombolytic therapy) and predischarge (7 to 14 days after treatment) contrast left ventriculograms were compared than did patients who received only intravenous thrombolytic therapy with or without coronary angioplasty. These data suggest a beneficial influence of coronary bypass surgery on left ventricular function and possibly on the clinical outcome of patients initially treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术围手术期主动脉内球囊反搏应用时机的临床体会

目的:探讨高危冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者应用主动脉内球囊反搏治疗(IABP)时机的选择问题.方法:对54例高危CABG患者应用IABP的情况进行回顾性分析,比较术前预防性应用组与术中及术后循环状态不稳定情况下应用组的总体病死率、IABP使用时间、机械通气时间、患者住ICU时间及血管活性药物使用情况.结果:术前预防性应用组病死率降低,机械通气时间、患者住ICU时间及血管活性药物使用剂量均显著低于术中及术后应用组.结论:对高危CABG患者预防性应用IABP能够降低围术期病死率,改善患者预后.     

左主干病变不同治疗方法的疗效分析

目的　观察不同治疗方法对冠心病左主干病变患者的近期或远期疗效的影响。方法　对我院 1993年至 1998年期间的 10 5 5例冠心病患者分别进行药物治疗、经皮冠状动脉介入术 (PCI)或冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)治疗 ,于 2 0 0 1年 3至 5月对上述患者进行随访 ,平均随访时间 (3 16±1 2 8)年。观察终点包括死亡、非致死性心肌梗死以及再次行心肌血运重建术 (PCI和CABG)。其中左主干病变为 4 2例 ,男 31例 (79 2 % ) ,女 11例。结果　 4 2例左主干病变采用PCI的占 16 6 7% ,CABG占 38 10 % ,药物治疗占 4 5 2 3%。PCI和CABG两组 (n =2 3) ,随访结果均无死亡和心肌梗死 ,药物治疗组 (n =19)有 3例死亡 ,1例急性心肌梗死 (P <0 0 5 )。PCI组有 1例于术后 2个月因心绞痛复发而复查冠状动脉造影 ,结果显示原病变部位发生再狭窄 ,故再次进行冠状动脉搭桥术。单纯药物治疗组有 1例在随访期间行CABG ,两组间的血运重建率没有差异。结论　冠状动脉血运重建对于左主干病变的患者可提高远期生存率 ,减少终点事件的发生。