体内、外血小板活化时血浆11-去氢-血栓烷B2的改变及其意义

目的和方法：用花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）诱导正常人（ｎ＝１２）富血小板血浆（ＰＲＰ）血小板活化。结果：ＡＡ组、消炎痛＋ＡＡ组及对照组血浆１１－去氢－血栓烷Ｂ２（ＤＨ－ＴＸＢ２）浓度分别为：（５１±２５、５．０±２．８及５４±３２）ｎｇ／Ｌ，三组之间无显著差别；但ＡＡ组ＴＸＢ２与Ｐ－选择素浓度均较对照组显著升高（Ｐ＜００１），消炎痛对两者的升高有几乎完全的抑制作用。２０例急性期脑梗塞患者血浆ＤＨ－ＴＸＢ２浓度（１０８～５５０ｎｇ／Ｌ）远高于对照组（１０～９３ｎｇ／Ｌ），无重叠，但两组之间ＴＸＢ２与Ｐ－选择素浓度均有５０％左右重叠。另６例患者服用９００ｍｇ阿司匹林后血浆ＤＨ－ＴＸＢ２下降４３％（Ｐ＜００１），但服药前后ＴＸＢ２及Ｐ选择素浓度无显著改变。结论：ＤＨ－ＴＸＢ２作为ＴＸＢ２的体内主要酶代谢产物，是反映体内血小板活化的一个较好的指标     

CO2激光TMR与机械TMR管道内应用VEGF后的形态学对照观察

目的:对照观察ＣＯ２激光ＴＭＲ与机械ＴＭＲ管道内应用ＶＥＧＦ后心肌管道的热损伤、血管生成及纤维化等形态学变化,探讨ＴＭＲ结合ＶＥＧＦ应用的方法。方法:采用成年家兔４０只,均分Ａ、Ｂ两组。分别行ＣＯ２激光ＴＭＲ和机械ＴＭＲ,同时在两组的管道内注射血管内皮细胞生长因子(ＶＥＧＦ)。术后不同时间对照观察心肌管道的形态学变化。结果:激光ＴＭＲ管道内存在着严重的热损伤,而机械ＴＭＲ管道内无任何热损伤迹象;术后２周血管生成达高峰期,激光组新生血管密度/数量为(１７．８４±０．２５)条/１０×４倍,机械组为(２４．２０±０．９８)条/１０×４倍,Ｐ＜０．０１;术后６~８周新生血管密度/数量激光组为(８．９３±０．２４)条/１０×４倍,机械组为(１１．０８±０．９６)条/１０×４倍,Ｐ＜０．０１;管道残迹纤维化的直径,激光组为(１．６６±０．０４)ｍｍ,机械组为(０．６６±０．０４)ｍｍ,Ｐ＜０．００１。结论:从ＴＭＲ管道内新生血管密度/数量及管道残迹纤维化程度来看,机械ＴＭＲ结合ＶＥＧＦ的应用方法明显优于ＣＯ２激光ＴＭＲ结合ＶＥＧＦ。     

羧甲基茯苓多糖对HPBL分泌IL—2,TNF,IL—6,IFN—γ的调节作用

用ＣＭＰ培养外周血淋巴细胞（ＨＰＢＬ）２４、３６、４８、７２ｈ采样检测的ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ效价分别可达１３．６±４．３，４１．９±２．０，１８３７．４±４６４．３，１０３７．９±２１１．０Ｕ／ｍｌ，分别比无ＣＭＰ的细胞培养对照组的效价高０．８，７．４，０．５，１０．９倍（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明ＣＭＰ具有ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ的诱生剂功能。由ＣＭＰ预处理ＨＰＢＬ后经ＰＨＡ和／或ＣｏｎＡ促诱生组的ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ效价分别比无ＣＭＰ的ＰＨＡ和／或ＣｏｎＡ刺激的相应常规诱生组高１．２～２．８，０．５～１．１、０．５～０．８、０．４～０．６倍（Ｐ＜０．０１），尤以ＣＭＰ＋ＰＨＡ＋ＣｏｎＡ促诱生细胞因子效果最佳（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明ＣＭＰ又具有ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ促诱生效应。     

急性丙型肝炎患者免疫状况的研究

用间接免疫荧光法、酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）及ＬＤＨ释法，对１６例急性输血后丙型肝炎（抗－ＨＣＶ、ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ均阳性）患者，分别进行外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）的Ｔ细胞亚群计数、Ｔ４／Ｔ８比值、Ｔａｃ受体的检测及血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）ＮＫ细胞活性的测定。并与正常人组比较，经ｔ检验发现，急性丙型肝炎患者的Ｔ４亚群所占百分比、Ｔ４／Ｔ８比值及ＰＢＭＣＴａｃ受体表达均明显低于正常人组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＮＫ细胞活性、血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于正常人组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。患者的这些免疫状态改变，可能对其发病机理的研究有一定意义。     

缬草提取物抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

了解缬草提取物对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：大耳白种家兔２０只,分为实验组和对照组。结扎冠状动脉左室支１ｈ后松解,观察１．５ ｈ。实验组手术前１ｈ,结扎前１０ｍｉｎ给予缬草提取物１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（体重）腹腔注射。观察体表标测心电图、心肌ＳＯＤ：ＭＤＡ、ＴＸＢ_２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_１α、ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－β等指标。结果：心电图：结扎后１ｈ,实验组Ｎ－ＳＴ、ΣＳＴ、Ｎ．Ｒ明显低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５）;松解复灌后１．５ｈ,实验组Ｎ－ＳＴ、ΣＳＴ明显低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。心肌匀浆：实验组ＸＯＤ、ＭＤＡ、ＴＮＦ－α均低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;实验组６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_(１α)／ＴＸＢ_２高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。实验组ＩＬ－１β略低于对照组,但统计学上无显著差异。结论：缬草提取物有抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用。     

扩张型心肌病可溶性IL－2R、NK活性和T细胞亚群的检测

应用单克隆与多克隆双抗体夹心法检测２０例扩张型心肌病（ＤＣＭ）及２０例正常人（ＮＣ）的血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ），同时测定了外周血自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ）活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群，结果发现ＤＣＭ患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于ＮＣ组（Ｐ＜０．００１），而ＮＫ活性明显低于ＮＣ组（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＤＣＭ患者Ｔ细胞亚群与ＮＣ组比较，ＣＤ８降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示细胞免疫功能紊乱参与ＤＣＭ的病理过程。     

输精管结扎家兔细胞因子水平的实验研究

体重２．５￣３．０ｋｇ的日本大耳白兔，分为输精管结扎组（ＶＧ）和假手术对照组（ＳＯＧ）。术后４、８、１２、１８、２２ｍｏ经耳静脉采血，检测巨噬细胞（Ｍψ）培养上清中白细胞介素１（ＩＬ－１）活性和外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）培养上清中白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）、白细胞介素６（ＩＬ－６）活性及血浆肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）含量。结果表明：①ＩＬ－１活性和ＴＮＦ含量，术后第８ｍｏ ＶＧ均高于ＳＯＧ，术后４、８     

脆性X综合征与FMR－1基因

脆性Ｘ综合征（ＦＸ）患者的脆性位点（ＦＲＡＸＡ）与ＦＭＲ－１位点一致，脆性断点位于（ＣＧＧ）ｎ上，而ＦＭＲ－１突变有两类：（ＣＧＧ）ｎ重复数突变和点突变（或丢失）。同时表明ＦＭＲ－１５＇侧ＣｐＧ岛甲基化。并介绍ＴＦＭＲ－１（ＣＧＧ）ｎ突变分子生物学检测方法。     

芬太尼静脉麻醉下血浆cAMP、cGMP水平的变化

目的：测定芬太尼静脉麻醉对血浆ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ含量的影响。方法：应用微量输液泵对３３例行择期上腹部手术病人诱导后持续恒定静脉内输入芬太尼，３组剂量分别为：Ⅰ组２５（μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１，ｎ＝１２）；Ⅱ组５（μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１，ｎ＝１３）；Ⅲ组７５（μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１，ｎ＝８），芬太尼静脉输入到手术缝皮后停止。分诱导前（Ｔ１）、气管插管后（Ｔ２）、手术７０ｍｎ时（Ｔ３）、术终（Ｔ４）４次采静脉血，用放射免疫法测定ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ含量。结果：插管后、手术７０ｍｉｎ时及术终与术前比较ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ的含量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）；组间比较Ｔ４时段ｃＡＭＰ值Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组，ｃＧＭＰ值Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组有显著性降低（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：芬太尼可有效地抑制血浆ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ的含量升高。     

浙江汉族人冠心病患者载脂蛋白B基因的多态性研究

对１０３例浙江汉族人载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ｂ基因ＸｂａⅠ酶切位点，应用限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰｓ）研究表明：（１）冠心病组中少见Ｘ２等位基因的相对频率为０．１１，显著高于正常对照组的０．０２（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）Ｘ２等位基因的相对频率与冠心病的病变范围无明显关联；（３）冠心病组中具Ｘ１Ｘ２基因型者与具Ｘ１Ｘ１基因型者比较，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及ＳＯＤ水平明显降低（Ｐ分别＜０．０１，＜０．０５）。本研究结果表明，ＡｐｏＢ基因ＸｂａⅠ酶切点的ＲＦＬＰｓ可能与冠心病的发病有一定关系。     

Study of the relationships between common fragile sites, chromosome breakages and sister chromatid exchanges

This paper reports the results of an investigation into therelationship between common fragile sites and sister chromatidexchanges (SCE). Human leukocyte cultures were grown in twodifferent media, one complete (RPMI 1640) and one deficientin folic acid and thymidine (199M). Some of the cultures weretreated with DAPI, a non-intercalating compound which bindspreferentially to the AT bases of DNA and is capable of inducingfragile sites. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was added to all thecultures for SCE analysis. Chromomycin A₃ was used for mappinglesions and SCEs by R-banding. A total of 400 cells was examined.The main results show that: BrdU, probably by re-equilibratingthe unbalanced nucleotide pool of the 199 culture medium, interfereswith the synergism between this culture medium and DAPI in inducingthe expression of fragile sites; the SCE frequency per cellis not increased by DAPI in both culture media, therefore thiscompound does not seem to cause any damage to the DNA and seemsmerely to act by inhibiting the normal condensation of a subsetof fragile sites that possess DAPI-specific base sequences;even in the absence of chromosomal lesions, the fragile sitesare significantly preferred as SCE sites to non-fragile sites,whereas in the presence of a lesion, both fragile and non-fragilesites have the same likelihood of undergoing SCE. All this indicatesthat the presence of a lesion strongly favours SCE formationand that common fragile sites are probably chromosome regionspreferentially damaged during the S phase. ³To whom correspondence should be addressed     

Chromosome lesions which could be interpreted as "fragile sites" on the distal end of Xq

Chromosome lesions which could be interpreted as "fragile sites" on the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome were identified during a cytogenetic study of 160 mentally retarded adult males with no apparent cause of their mental retardation and one normal adult female with a family history of fra (X) syndrome. Peripheral blood samples were cultured in either M199 or RPMI 1640 medium with FUdR or BrdU. Metaphases were examined for chromosome lesions or fragile sites on the distal end of Xq and 3 distinct sites were observed: Xq26, Xq27.2, and Xq27.3. Other chromosome lesions at Xq28 were observed and interpreted as nonspecific telomeric structural changes. Chromosome lesions were observed in cells from 14 of the 161 individuals. These included: 5 patients with an Xq26 site, 2 with the recently reported Xq27.2 site, 4 with the Xq27.3 site (characteristic of the fra (X) syndrome), 2 with nonspecific telomeric structural changes, and one individual with 2 lesions (a nonspecific telomeric structural change and an Xq26 site). Additional research is necessary to determine the frequency and clinical significance, if any, of lesions occurring in this region of the X chromosome and to distinguish among heritable fragile sites, constitutive fragile sites, and nonspecific telomeric structural changes.     

Chromosome lesions which could be interpreted as “fragile sites” on the distal end of Xq

Chromosome lesions which could be interpreted as “fragile sites” on the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome were identified during a cytogenetic study of 160 mentally retarded adult males with no apparent cause of their mental retardation and one normal adult female with a family history of fra (X) syndrome. Peripheral blood samples were cultured in either M199 or RPMI 1640 medium with FUdR or BrdU. Metaphases were examined for chromosome lesions or fragile sites on the distal end of Xq and 3 distinct sites were observed: Xq26, Xq27.2, and Xq27.3. Other chromosome lesions at Xq28 were observed and interpreted as nonspecific telomeric structural changes. Chromosome lesions were observed in cells from 14 of the 161 individuals. These included: 5 patients with an Xq26 site, 2 with the recently reported Xq27.2 site, 4 with the Xq27.3 site (characteristic of the fra (X) syndrome), 2 with nonspecific telomeric structural changes, and one individual with 2 lesions (a nonspecific telomeric structural change and an Xq26 site). Additional research is necessary to determine the frequency and clinical significance, if any, of lesions occurring in this region of the X chromosome and to distinguish among heritable fragile sites, constitutive fragile sites, and nonspecific telomeric structural changes.     

早孕期胎儿颈项透明层厚度与绒毛染色体G显带核型的关系

目的探讨早孕期胎儿颈项透明层厚度（NT）测量与绒毛染色体核型分析联合应用的临床价值。方法回顾性分析120例早孕期行绒毛染色体核型分析的孕妇,研究其胎儿NT值与染色体核型及妊娠结局的关系。结果 120例病例中胎儿NT≤2.5 mm 76例,未检出异常核型（0%）;NT≥2.5 mm 44例,异常核型9例（20.45%）。其中,25例2.5mm≤NT≤3.5 mm的胎儿检出染色体异常1例,检出率为4%（1/25）;19例NT≥3.5mm的胎儿检出染色体异常8例,检出率为42.11%（8/19）,两组异常核型检出率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。根据NT增厚程度的不同将NT值分为2.5-3.4mm、3.5-4.4mm、4.5-5.4mm、5.5-6.4mm、≥6.5mm,其中异常核型比例分别为1/25、0/6、2/4、1/2、5/7,各组的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,可以认为不同NT值范围内的染色体异常的检出率不同或不全相同。结论胎儿NT增厚是早孕期筛查胎儿染色体非整倍体异常的有效且敏感的超声指标,绒毛活检行染色体核型分析应作为胎儿NT≥3.5mm的孕妇的首选产前诊断方法。     

Improved prenatal detection of fra(X)(q27.3): methods for prevention of false negatives in chorionic villus and amniotic fluid cell cultures

The reliable detection of fra(X)(q27.3) in prenatal samples is important for providing genetic counseling. We have identified 5 new cases of prenatal fragile X [fra(X)] detection in 3 chorionic villus sample (CVS) and 2 amniotic fluid (AF) cell cultures. In 4 of the 5 cases, either excess thymidine (THY) or a combination of THY and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) was clearly superior to FUdR alone as fra(X) inducers. Amniocytes from one case were cultured only in RPMI-1640 and later exposed to FUdR or THY separately. They showed only 2% fra(X) while parallel cultures initiated in Chang medium and incubated in RPMI for at least 7 days (recovery) before fra(X) induction exhibited strikingly increased fra(X) frequencies. Chang medium alone will not allow fra(X) induction in AF (Jenkins EC, Brown WT [1986]: "Genetic Disorders and the Fetus: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment." New York: Plenum Press, pp 185-204). Now, using CVS cells, we report that only 1% and 0% fra(X) were detected using FUdR or THY in cells cultured in RPMI for 4 days after removal from Chang medium. Cells with 7 days "recovery" in RPMI exhibited increases from 2 to 6%. Therefore, we have found that Chang medium is very helpful when the appropriate recovery time in another medium is allowed before fra(X) induction. Some false negative reports can be attributed to: induction in Chang medium alone; lack of sufficient recovery time after initiating cells in Chang before induction; and unavailability of the excess THY fra(X) induction system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Fra(X) prenatal diagnosis: are endoreduplicated and polyploid cells useful diagnostic criteria?

Cytogenetic and molecular protocols for prenatal ascertainment of the fragile X syndrome and the associated fragile site at Xq27.3 are relatively reliable. Any new diagnostic method which becomes available still elicits much interest. Kimchi-Sarfaty et al. [1991] reported an increase in frequency of endoreduplication and polyploidy in fra(X) lymphoblasts and amniocytes when cultured with methotrexate (MTX) or fluorodeoxyuridine. Recently we analyzed the endoreduplication/polyploidy system using amniotic fluid, chorionic villus, and fibroblasts from fra(X) positive abortus cell cultures and from control samples. We observed no increased expression of endoreduplicated or polyploid cells in fra(X) positive amniocytes after exposure to MTX. The data presented here clearly dispute the value of endoreduplication/polyploid scoring as a diagnostic aid in prenatal fra(X) analysis.     

107例稽留流产胎儿绒毛染色体分析

目的统计分析胎儿染色体核型异常与稽留流产发生的关系。方法对107例稽留流产孕妇行清宫术时,取胎儿绒毛组织,按常规技术方法制备绒毛细胞染色体,G显带后进行核型分析。结果检测分析流产胎儿绒毛共107例,核型异常64例,异常率为59.81%。其中数目异常58例,染色体结构异常5例。结论染色体异常是稽留流产的重要原因,对稽留胎儿绒毛进行染色体分析可为病因诊断和再生育的优生指导提供可靠依据。     

未成熟卵母细胞在TCM199与P1培养体系体外成熟的比较

目的 探讨人未成熟卵母细胞适宜的培养体系及培养时间.方法 将卵母细胞-卵丘复合体(0CC)332枚和裸卵(DO)393枚随机置入TCM199和P1两种培养体系体外成熟.OCC体外培养48 h,观察其成熟情况.DO分别在24、30、48 h观察第1极体排出情况,计算体外成熟率.OCC和DO成熟后称为成熟的卵母细胞,成熟的卵母细胞行精子卵浆内注射技术(ICSI)受精,比较其在两种培养体系的受精率、卵裂率及囊胚形成率.结果 在TCM199和P1培养体系中,OCC的成熟率、成熟后成为成熟的卵母细胞的受精率和卵裂率的差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),但成熟的卵母细胞的囊胚形成率为53.7%比37.8%(P<0.05).DO在TCM199和P1培养体系中体外培养24、30、48 h时成熟率的差异无统计学意义;由DO成熟后形成的成熟的卵母细胞在P1培养体系中的受精率、卵裂率和囊胚形成率高于其在TCM199培养体系中,但只有受精率差异具有统计学意义(73.5%比62.9%,P<0.05);DO在两种培养体系中体外培养48 h和30 h的成熟率均明显高于24 h(P<0.05),但48 h与30 h的成熟率相比无差异.结论 OCC适宜在TCM199培养体系的培养;DO适官在P1培养体系的培养.DO体外成熟形成成熟的卵母细胞的时间可以缩短至30 h.     

Confirmation of a particular but nonspecific metacarpophalangeal pattern profile in patients with the Smith-Magenis syndrome due to interstitial deletion of 17p

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a trinucleotide (AGC) amplification at 19q13.3. The degree of trinucleotide amplification may increase in successive generations and generally correlates with severity of the disorder. Because amplification of a trinucleotide repeat is also associated with the observation of a fra(X)(q27.3) in the fragile X syndrome, we investigated whether chromosome fragility at 19q13.3 might be inducible in patients with DM. Using 3 different culture stress systems (medium 199, RPMI 1640 with excess TdR, and RPMI 1640 with FudR) and high resolution chromosome analyses, we studied 6 individuals with DM and 5 unaffected relatives representing two unrelated families. Molecular studies were done on two of the most affected patients and showed AGC repeat sequences of 970 and 1,260 at 19q13.3. The normal range of AGC repeat is 5 to 30. We found no indication of fragility at 19q13.3 in any of these individuals. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Chromosomal analysis of bladder cancer: technical aspects

Of 77 patients with bladder carcinoma, 99 tissue specimens--including tissues of patients with recurrent tumors taken after radiotherapy or cytostatics--were subjected to chromosomal analysis. In 42 specimens, recognizable metaphases could be obtained after conventional Giemsa staining and in a smaller number after C- and/or G-banding. All except one had abnormalities of the chromosomes. Short-term cultures for 24-48 hr in RPMI 1640 plus 15% fetal calf serum plus penicillin-streptomycin gave better results than a direct technique (30 min in 0.075 M KCl + 0.1 microgram colcemid/ml at 37 degrees C, followed by fixation). In low stage/grade tumors the number of recognizable metaphases obtained after short-term cultures is lower than in higher stage/grade tissue specimens.