肾康口服液的质量标准研究

目的　制订肾康口服液质量标准。方法　采用薄层色谱法 (TLC)等 ,对该制剂中黄柏、墨旱莲及总生物碱等进行定性鉴别 ;高效液相色谱法 ,对制剂中君药黄柏的有效成分盐酸小檗碱进行定量分析 ,选用NovapakC18柱 (2 .5cm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ,加NovapakC18预柱 (2 .5cm× 4 .6mm) ;流动相 :甲醇 -乙腈 - 0 .0 5mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠 (2 0∶35∶4 5 ) ;柱温 2 4℃ ;检测波长 346nm ;流速1.0ml/min。结果　采用TLC法鉴别 ,专属性强 ,含量测定盐酸小檗碱的线性范围为 4 .0 0～ 2 0 .0 0 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9992 ) ,平均回收率为 10 1.32 % ,RSD =1.18% (n =5 )。结论　本文方法简便 ,准确 ,重现性好。可有效地控制该制剂的质量     

高效液相色谱法测定胃必宁片中盐酸小檗碱和呋喃唑酮的含量

目的　建立测定胃必宁片中的盐酸小檗碱和呋喃唑酮含量的方法。方法　反相高效液相色谱法 :Nova -PakC18色谱柱 ,流动相为 0 .0 33mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾水溶液 -乙腈 (6 0∶4 0 ) ,检测波长为 2 6 5nm。结果　盐酸小檗碱和喃唑酮的含量在 4～2 5 μg·ml-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9999和r =0 .9998) ,样品的加样平均回收率分别为 99.2 8%和 99.0 8% ,RSD分别为 0 .6 7%和 0 .76 % (n =5 )。结论　所选方法简便、快速 ,可用于胃必宁片的质量控制     

高效液相色谱法测定烧伤Ⅱ号酊中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的　建立反相高效液相色谱法测定烧伤Ⅱ号酊中盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法　固定相 :RP C18柱 ,流动相 :乙腈 醋酸乙酯 甲醇 0 .0 5mol·ml-1KH2 PO4溶液 (35∶10∶10∶6 5 ,加 1%三乙胺 ,磷酸调pH至 3.5 ) ,检测波长 :2 70nm。结果　盐酸小檗碱在0 .0 3～ 0 .10mg·ml-1浓度范围内 ,线性关系良好 ,r =0 .9996。日内及日间RSD分别为 1.5 5 %、2 .86 % (n =12 )和 1.78%、2 .6 5 % (n =4 ) ,加样回收率为 99.89% (RSD =1.18% )。结论　本法结果准确 ,灵敏度高 ,重现性好 ,可用于烧伤Ⅱ号酊剂中盐酸小檗碱的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定湿疹净中霜公藤吉碱和苦参碱的含量

目的　建立湿疹净喷雾剂的质量控制标准。方法　采用HPLC法同时测定样品中雷公藤吉碱和苦参碱的含量。色谱条件 :HypersilODS色谱柱 (4.6× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :乙腈 - 0 .0 2mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠水溶液 (6∶4 ) ;流速 1ml/min ;检测波长2 10nm ;柱温 2 0℃ ;进样量 1～ 6 μl。结果　线性范围分别是 :雷公藤 0 .6 2 4～ 3.74 4 μg ,r =0 .9995 ;苦参碱 0 .88～ 5 .2 8μg,r =0 .9996。平均回收率 :雷公藤吉碱为 97.4 % ,RSD =1.5 1% ;苦参碱为 97.5 % ,RSD =1.15 %。结论　本方法测定结果准确、灵敏、重复性好     

高效液相色谱法测定金栀洁龈含漱液盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的 采用高效液相色谱法测定金栀洁龈含漱液中盐酸小檗碱的含量.方法 以AGILENT C18为色谱柱,乙腈-0.3％磷酸溶液(42:58)(每100 ml加十二烷基磺酸钠0.1g)为流动相,以265 nm为检测波长,流速为1.0 ml/min.结果 盐酸小檗碱在5～50 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999,...     

高效液相色谱法测定戊己丸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定戊己丸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱含量的方法。方法　采用高效液相色谱法。IntersilC18分析色谱柱 (4.6mmID× 2 5 0mm ,粒径 5 μm) ,流动相 :乙腈 - 10 %乙腈 (5 0 :5 0 ) ,流速 :1ml/min ,检测波长 :2 2 5nm。 结果　吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的理论板数分别为 2 6 81和 2 0 6 7。吴茱萸碱回归方程 :Y =0 .0 76 4 6 +0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 196 5X ,r=0 .9999) ,线性范围 10 .2～ 5 1.0 μg·ml-1;吴茱萸次碱回归方程 :Y =- 0 .2 199+0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 36 5 8X ,r =0 .9999) ,线性范围 10 .0～ 5 0 .0 μg·ml-1。吴茱萸碱平均回收率为 97.3% ,RSD 3.2 % ,吴茱萸次碱平均回收率为 10 1.4 % ,RSD 3.9%。吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱最低检出浓度分别为 0 .0 5和 0 .1μg·ml-1。结论　方法简便 ,结果准确。     

高效液相色谱法测定异维倍克气雾剂中丙酸倍氯米松含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定异维倍克气雾剂中丙酸倍氯米松含量的方法。方法　IntersilC18色谱柱 (4 .6mmID×2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :乙腈 -水 (6 7∶33) ;流速 :1.5ml/min ,检测波长 :2 39nm。 结果　丙酸倍氯米松的理论板数为 5 6 0 0 ,回归方程Y =2 .2 6 7× 10 6X - 0 .3435 ,r=0 .9999,线性范围 4 7.6 0～ 2 38.0 μg·ml-1,平均回收率为 10 0 .1% ,RSD1.2 %。最低检出浓度约为 0 .1μg·ml-1。结论　该法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,可用于测定异维倍克气雾剂中丙酸倍氯米松的含量。     

洁康舒洗剂的质量标准研究

目的　制订洁康舒洗剂的质量标准。方法　采用薄层色谱法 (TLC)对该制剂中大黄、黄柏、徐长卿、冰片等主药进行定性鉴别 ,其中大黄的薄层鉴别以石油醚 -乙酸乙酯 -甲酸 (10∶3∶1)为展开剂 ;黄柏以正丁醇 -冰醋酸 -水 (10∶1∶1)为展开剂 ;徐长卿以环乙烷 -醋酸乙酯 (4∶2 )为展开剂 ;冰片以石油醚 -乙酸乙酯 (6∶2 )为展开剂。用高效液相色谱法测定该制剂中大黄酸、大黄素及大黄酚的含量 ,色谱柱为SymmetryC18柱 (3.9mm× 15 0mm ;5 μm) ,SymmetryC18预柱 (3.9mm× 2 0mm)流动相为甲醇 -水 -磷酸 (82∶18∶0 .1) ,柱温 2 4℃ ,检测波长 4 32nm ,流速为 1.0ml/min。结果　洁康舒洗剂中的有效成分与相应对照品均呈相同的鉴别反应 ,大黄酸、大黄素及大黄酚的浓度分别在 7.6 0～ 38.0 0 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9994 ) ;1.75～ 8.75 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9999) ;2 .4 0～ 12 .0 0 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9999)范围内线性关系良好。平均回收率大黄酸为 98.0 2 % ,RSD =1.78% ;大黄素为 96 .6 3% ,RSD =1.2 0 % ;大黄酚为 97.0 5 % ,RSD =1.15 % (n =5 )。结论　该制剂定性反应灵敏、TLC鉴别专属性强、定量结果准确、重现性好。本实验方法为洁康舒洗剂质量标准的制订提供了科学依据。     

离子对-HPLC法测舒脉注射液中盐酸培他啶的含量

目的　建立离子对 -HPLC法测定舒脉注射液中盐酸培他啶含量的方法。方法　采用HypersilODS2色谱柱 (4 .6×2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;以甲醇 - 1 0mmol·ml-1 醋酸钠溶液 (含有 5mmol·ml-1 庚烷磺酸钠 ,0 .2 %三乙胺 ,用冰醋酸调pH至 3.0 ) ,(4 0∶6 0 )为流动相 ;流速 1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 :2 6 0nm ;柱温为室温。结果　离子对 -HPLC法测定盐酸培他啶的线性范围为 2 1～ 1 0 5 μg·ml-1 ;相关系数 r=0 .9997;日内精密度 RSD =1 .5 % ,日间精密度 RSD =2 .6 % (n=5 ) ;平均回收率为 98.0 %。结论　本法简便、准确、专属性好     

HPLC法同时分析测定妇炎康复片中4个生物碱成分

目的探讨同时分析测定妇炎康复片中4个生物碱成分(槐定碱、苦参碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱)的方法。方法色谱柱为安捷伦ZORBAX SB-C_(18)(4.6×250 mm,5μm);以0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸调节pH=3.0)水溶液为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,梯度洗脱(0~5 min,5%B;5~30 min,5%B至30%B;30~50 min,30%B);柱温35℃;检测波长0~25 min、220 nm(测定槐定碱和苦参碱),25~50 min、270 nm(测定盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱);进样量5μl。结果槐定碱、苦参碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的线性范围分别为20.32~406.4μg(r=0.999 7)、20.11~402.2μg(r=0.999 8)、10.43~20.86μg(r=0.999 6)、20.35~407.0μg(r=0.999 5),平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为97.3%、98.0%、97.2%和97.6%,RSD分别为1.4%、0.78%、1.3%和1.5%。结论该方法简便准确,为评价和监控妇炎康复片的质量提供了可靠的方法。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme