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第四讲酒精性肝病发病机制若干进展 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
酒精性肝病发病机制较复杂 ,由多种因素造成 ,长期大量饮酒是酒精性肝病的发病基础 ,酒精及其代谢产物乙醛等直接或通过免疫机制损害肝细胞 ,发生肝细胞脂肪变性、酒精性肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化。本文对细胞色素P4 5 0 2E1、氧应激以及细胞因子在酒精性肝病发病机制中的作用作一简述。一、细胞色素P4 5 0 2E1(CYP 2E1)的作用肝脏是乙醇代谢的主要器官 ,有两种关键酶参与肝脏乙醇氧化 :乙醇脱氢酶 (ADH )及微粒体乙醇氧化系统(MEOS)。当血循环中乙醇含量较低时 ,ADH参与酒精代谢 ,促使自由基形成 ,改变氧化还原作用 ,同时… 相似文献
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酒精性肝病诊断标准 (草案) 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
中华肝脏病学会脂肪肝和酒精性肝病学组 《肝脏》2001,6(3):219
酒精性肝病表现多样 ,初期通常表现为脂肪肝 ,进而可发展成酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纤维化和酒精性肝硬化。在严重酗酒时可诱发广泛肝细胞坏死甚或肝功能衰竭。一、酒精性肝病临床诊断标准目前 ,我国乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV )感染较为常见 ,因此 ,在诊断上应考虑区分为单纯酒精性肝病抑或酒精性肝病合并HBV和HCV等病毒感染。(一 )酒精性肝病1.有长期饮酒史 ,一般超过 5年 ,折合酒精量 >40g/d ,女性略低 ;或 2周内有暴饮史。2 .禁酒后血清ALT和AST明显下降 ,4周内基本恢复正常 ,即在 2倍正常上限值 (ULN … 相似文献
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酒精性肝病发病机制的研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
自 8 0年代对酒精性肝病 (alcoholicliverdisease,ALD)发病机制进行深入研究以来 ,已证实乙醇具有直接的肝毒性。乙醇在肝细胞内代谢产生的毒性代谢产物及其引起的代谢紊乱是导致酒精性肝损伤的主要原因[1 ] 。酒精性肝病分为 :酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎和酒精性肝硬化。一、乙醛的毒性作用乙醇在肝细胞内氧化首先产生的代谢产物就是乙醛 ,后者主要在肝脏线粒体内氧化成乙酸而降解。长期摄入酒精可以使肝脏线粒体功能紊乱 ,氧化乙醛的能力大大下降 ,而乙醇的氧化速度不变甚至提高 ,造成乙醛生成与降解不平衡 ,导致肝内乙醛含量增加。谷胱… 相似文献
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酒精性肝病诊断标准 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
中华肝脏病学会脂肪肝和酒精性肝病学组 《肝脏》2002,7(4):U001-U001
酒精性肝病表现多样 ,初期通常表现为脂肪肝 ,进而可发展酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纤维化和酒精性肝硬化。在严重酗酒时可诱发广泛肝细胞坏死甚或肝功能衰竭。一、酒精性肝病临床诊断标准1.有长期饮酒史 ,一般超过 5年 ,折合乙醇酒精量 >40g/d ,女性≥ 2 0 g/d ;或 2周内有大量饮酒史 (>80 g/d)。2 .禁酒后血清ALT、AST和GGT明显下降 ,4周内基本恢复正常 ,即在 2倍正常上限值 (ULN )以下。肿大的肝脏 1周内明显缩小 ,4周基本恢复正常。3 .诊断时应注意是否合并HBV或HCV感染 ,除外代谢异常和药物等引起的肝损伤。未能符… 相似文献
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酒精性肝病 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
酒精性肝病 (AlcoholicLiverDisease ,ALD)是由于长期大量饮酒导致的中毒性肝损伤 ,最初为肝细胞脂肪变性 ,进而发展为肝炎、肝纤维化 ,最终导致肝硬化。酗酒是西方国家肝硬化的主要原因。近来随着我国经济水平的发展 ,酒精的消耗量增加 ,酒精性肝病明显增多 ,本文就有关这方面的研究作一综述。发生酒精性肝病可能与列因素有关 :①每日酒精摄入量及累积时间 ;②性别 ;③遗传因素 ;④饮酒方式 (空腹饮酒及短时间大量饮酒 )。酒精摄入的安全量尚有争议 ,英国皇家医学院推荐量为 :男性 <2 10 g/周 ,女性 <14 0 g/周… 相似文献
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AST/ALT比值可能有助于鉴别非酒精性脂肪肝和酒精性肝病 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
[英 ]/SorbiD…∥AmJGastroenterol 1 999,94( 4) 1 0 1 8~ 1 0 2 2 鉴别非酒精性脂肪肝 (NASH)和酒精性肝病通常比较困难 ,因为许多病人常否认有酒精滥用史 ,所以不能依靠病史作出诊断。临床常见酒精性肝炎病人谷草转氨酶 (AST)与谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)的比值 >2。本研究旨在确定此比值是否可用于区分NASH和酒精性肝病。病人和方法 研究对象为该研究所 1 990年至 1 996年诊断为NASH的病人以及年龄、性别及诊断日期与之相配的酒精性肝病病人。酒精性肝病病人诊断根据病人有酗酒史 (酒精摄入量为 6… 相似文献
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酒精性肝病发病机制的研究概况 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
在西方国家,酗酒历来是导致严重肝脏疾病的首要因素。我国近年来由酒精所致的肝损害亦呈逐年上升趋势,酒精已成为继病毒性肝炎后导致肝损害的第二大病因^[1]。典型的酒精性肝病(ALD)临床上表现为脂肪肝和肝肿大、酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纤维化,最终将发展为不可逆性肝硬化。尽管ALD的发病机制较为复杂.但大量资料表明,酒精代谢产物 相似文献
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~~思考题1Fabry病患者会出现下列哪种临床表现?A肢端感觉异常B血管角质瘤C肾功能衰竭D卒中E以上都是2一例Fabry病患者,通过详细的体格检查可能发现下列哪种体征?A晶状体混浊B偏瘫C心脏扩大D点状皮肤损害E以上都是3Fabry病患者的卒中通常会发生在大脑中动脉供血区。A正确B错误4F 相似文献
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《Global Heart》2016,11(3):313-326
We reviewed published MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) study articles concerning peripheral arterial disease, subclavian stenosis (SS), abdominal aortic calcium (AAC), and thoracic artery calcium (TAC). Important findings include, compared to non-Hispanic whites, lower ankle-brachial index (ABI) and more SS in African Americans, and higher ABI and less SS in Hispanic and Chinese Americans. Abnormal ABI and brachial pressure differences were associated with other subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) measures. Both very high and low ABI independently predicted increased CVD events. Looking at aortic measures, TAC and AAC were significantly associated with other subclinical CVD measures. Comparisons of AAC with coronary artery calcium (CAC) showed that both were less common in ethnic minority groups. However, although CAC was much more common in men than in women in multivariable analysis, this was not true of AAC. Also, when AAC and CAC were adjusted for each other in multivariable analysis, there was a stronger association for AAC than for CAC with CVD and total mortality. 相似文献
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Buchman AL 《Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology》2002,5(3):173-180
Opinion statement
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– | An oral calcium supplement (1000 mg/day) is recommended. |
– | Regular exercise should be performed. |
– | Ethanol intake should be moderate. |
– | Protein intake should be moderate. |
– | The patient’s vitamin D status should be determined and corrected with an oral supplement when deficiency is present. |
– | Baseline and yearly bone density measurement should be taken. |
– | Alendronate, 10 mg/d orally, or risedronate, 5 mg/d orally, should be given to patients with osteopenia. |
– | Use of corticosteroids, cyclosporin, tacrolimus, and methotrexate should be limited to the short term when possible. |
– | Estrogen replacement therapy is recommended in postmenopausal women unless contraindications exist. |
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Summary: Radiation-related coronary artery disease in Hodgkin's disease. A. S. Y. Leong, I. J. Forbes and T. Ruzic, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 423–425.
Coronary artery disease is a rare and only recently recognised complication of mediastinal irradiation. A 34-year-old man died suddenly eight years after mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Autopsy disclosed severe narrowing of all major extramural coronary arteries by atherosclerotic plaques whereas all other systemic and visceral arteries were virtually free of atheroma. Autopsy findings in the five reported cases of radiation-related coronary artery disease are reviewed. 相似文献
Coronary artery disease is a rare and only recently recognised complication of mediastinal irradiation. A 34-year-old man died suddenly eight years after mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Autopsy disclosed severe narrowing of all major extramural coronary arteries by atherosclerotic plaques whereas all other systemic and visceral arteries were virtually free of atheroma. Autopsy findings in the five reported cases of radiation-related coronary artery disease are reviewed. 相似文献