拜安捷^TM血糖监测仪免调码技术的试验分析

血糖仪的调码是指由于生产条件的不同，使得不同批号的试纸产生批间差异，因此，在使用不同批号的试纸测试血糖时，需要将血糖仪根据试纸上的密码校准批间差异。目前市场上的血糖仪，大多在更换试纸时必须先手动调整血糖仪的代码或手动插入试纸盒内专用的代码卡。     

拜安捷TM血糖监测仪测定末梢毛细血管血糖与全自动生化分析仪测定静脉血浆血糖的临床对比研究

目的 评价拜安捷^TM血糖监测仪的精确性及其测定毛细血管血糖（capillary blood glucose，CBG）与全自动生化分析仪测定静脉血浆血糖（venous plasma glucose，VPG）的相关性。方法 188例糖尿病或非糖尿病受试者在空腹及标准餐后30、60、120min测定VPG同时用拜安捷^TM血糖监测仪测定CBG。用10台拜安捷^TM血糖监测仪分别用三个批号的试纸对低、中、高浓度水平的核对液进行测定计算其批内差异和批间差异。结果 在空腹及进标准餐后不同时间点，CBG与VPG均有良好的相关性，r均在0．950以上。误差分析图显示98．94％的数据落在A区。在不同血糖浓度下，CBG与VPG的相对差值均在5％以下。在低浓度、正常浓度及高浓度范围内，采用不同批号试纸检测，批内差异和批间差异CV值均〈5％。结论 拜安捷^TM血糖监测仪的准确性和精确性高，在空腹和进餐后不同时间及不同血糖浓度下均能较准确地反映血糖的真实水平。     

血糖监测仪出现误差的10大原因与对策

现在市面上血糖监测仪种类比较多，其功能、特点各有不同之处，建议糖尿病患者们在购置前加以咨询，购买一个售后服务好、适合自己的血糖仪。希望糖尿病患者能够掌握正确的操作方法，准确监测自己的血糖水平，并学会记录，分析所测定的血糖结果，配合医护人员，取得满意的治疗效果。     

血糖监测新突破——免调码技术

过便携式血糖仪进行自我血糖监测（SMBG）,是糖尿病患者了解自己血糖变化情况最常用的方式之一,也是医生调整治疗方案的参考依据。然而,便携式血糖仪的不同调码方式对测试结果和随后的临床治疗会产生很大的影响。     

施家乐（SKY ERA）血糖仪测定毛细血管血糖和静脉血糖的临床对比试验

施家乐 (SKYERA)血糖仪是香港天时国际发展集团有限公司生产的一种采用生物感应技术并具有自动吸血功能的新型电子血糖仪 ,已经获得了欧洲CE认证以及美国FDA认证。为了评价该血糖仪的稳定性、重复性、准确性。我们用该仪器同步测定指尖毛细血管血糖 (CGF)与静脉血清血糖 (VG) ,进行了对比验证。一、对象与方法1 研究对象 :在本院门诊治疗室进行常规静脉血清血糖测试的糖尿病或非糖尿病患者。均为早上空腹 ;随机选取99例 ,男 2 6例 ,女 73例。年龄 15～ 78岁。2 研究方法 :(1)静脉血清血糖测定 :按本院门诊采血的常规操作步骤 ,抽取…     

HIV抗体确证试验假阳性1例分析

目的 通过对1例艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体确证试验阳性者进行随访检测,探讨目前HIV抗体筛查和确证检测技术存在的问题.方法 对受检对象进行HIV抗体筛查和确证试验,并于3、6个月和1年随访检测.结果 首次筛查试验PA试剂为阴性,第3代梅里埃ELISA试剂为阳性,确证试验WB试剂检测带型gp120p24,判为HIV-1抗体阳性.比较试验第4代梅里埃ELISA试剂为阳性,金豪、吉比爱ELISA试剂为阴性,雅培硒标试剂为弱阳性.病毒载量检测结果为阴性.3次随访检测,筛查试验结果与首次检测基本一致,确证试验带型分别为gp120p24、p24和p24p55,1年后的病毒载量检测结果为阴性,受检对象随访后结果定为阴性.4次血样集中检测显示,筛查试剂批间无明显差异,但不同试剂间有差异;确证WB试剂不同批号间带型存在差异.结论 目前应用的WB确证试剂存在一定的批间差异,对弱阳性带型或阳性带型不常见的样本,需更换试剂批号重复进行确证检测;确证试验结果处于临界阳性状态者需进行流行病学史调查;WB确证试验若同时出现1条env带和p24带判为HIV抗体不确定,并进行随访.     

Validity and Reliability of a Glucometer Against Industry Reference Standards

As an appealing alternative to reference glucose analyzers, portable glucometers are recommended for self-monitoring at home, in the field, and in research settings. The purpose was to characterize the accuracy and precision, and bias of glucometers in biomedical research. Fifteen young (20-36 years; mean = 24.5), moderately to highly active men (n = 10) and women (n = 5), defined by exercising 2 to 3 times a week for the past 6 months, were given an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after an overnight fast. Participants ingested 50, 75, or 150 grams of glucose over a 5-minute period. The glucometer was compared to a reference instrument. The glucometer had 39% of values within 15% of measurements made using the reference instrument ranging from 45.05 to 169.37 mg/dl. There was both a proportional (−0.45 to −0.39) and small fixed (5.06 and 0.90 mg/dl) bias. Results of the present study suggest that the glucometer provided poor validity and reliability results compared to the results provided by the reference laboratory analyzer. The portable glucometers should be used for patient management, but not for diagnosis, treatment, or research purposes.     

A Ward Comparison Between the One Touch II and Glucometer II Blood Glucose Meters

A 6–week clinical evaluation of the One Touch II blood glucose meter was performed in a medical ward specializing in diabetic patients and compared to the existing Glucometer II system. Nursing staff trained in both methods performed 267 capillary blood glucose measurements using the two meters. A reference capillary blood glucose was performed simultaneously on 129 of these occasions using a Yellow Springs Instrument analyser. The One Touch II correlated better with the reference (r = 0.97) than the Glucometer II (r = 0.86) and was equally close or closer to the Yellow Springs Instrument on 82 % of occasions. A greater proportion of samples measured by the One Touch II were within 15% of the reference value (83 % vs 66 %). There were also 17 cases where the One Touch II was able to give a measurement which was outwith the analytical range of the Glucometer II. A questionnaire revealed the nursing staff unanimously preferred using the One Touch II to their present meter. It is concluded that in a ward setting the One Touch II meter showed improved accuracy, usefulness in its wider analytical range, and a greater user preference in comparison to the Glucometer II.     

Pre-clinical assessment of the performance of the Glucostix and Glucometer II blood glucose monitoring system

The Glucostix/Glucometer II blood glucose system has been evaluated in a hospital laboratory, with the purpose of assessing the suitability for use by nurses and diabetic patients. In the hands of laboratory personnel, the strips and meter gave precise results which correlated well with the laboratory plasma glucose assay, taking into account the difference between plasma and whole blood. The system was simple to use and rapid (50 seconds), and should prove useful and acceptable in the hands of non-laboratory personnel.     

Three new glucose reflectance meters: Diascan, Glucometer II, and Reflolux II

More and more frequently, diabetics use portable blood glucose meters to assess their own glycemic control. New meters are constantly being introduced commercially. We evaluated three recently marketed meter/strip systems in terms of accuracy, precision, and the stability of the colors on the test strips. We compared the results from the meters with those from a Beckman Glucose Analyser and calculated the correlation and regression coefficients (Diascan, r = 0.93, y = 0.64x + 41.76; Glucometer II, r = 0.94, y = 0.86x + 2.32; and Reflolux II, r = 0.99, y = 0.99x + 5.15). Both the Diascan and Glucometer II meters tended to underestimate blood glucose whereas Reflolux II gave unbiased measurements throughout the clinical range. Reflolux II was also the most precise of the three. Furthermore, the Reflolux test strips kept their color over 6 days of storage at 4 degrees C, while strips from the other two systems faded. All three meters are compact, simple to calibrate, and convenient. They remain, however, relatively expensive, as do the test strips.     

Computerized assessment of self-monitored blood glucose results using a Glucometer reflectance photometer with memory and microcomputer

A microcomputer software package to receive, analyse, and present blood glucose/time information has been developed. Data input is accomplished automatically via interface to Glucometer reflectance photometer instruments which have been specially modified to retain glucose/time results by addition of a clock and electronic memory. This new development in self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has a number of advantages. It allows the rapid and meaningful analysis of large quantities of patient generated data to assess short- and long-term trends in BG patterns, and eliminates the tedium and possible errors of manual graphing. Patients were most interested in the positive feedback provided. The system has considerable potential in patient diabetes education and management.     

Sub-Surface Analysis of Grinding Burns with Barkhausen Noise Measurements

Barkhausen noise (BN) measurements are commonly used for surface characterisation. However, often there is also a need to verify the sub-surface region because detrimental tensile stresses may be present after different manufacturing steps. Especially in a grinding burn, the surface stress may be compressive, but it changes quickly into tensile stress below the surface. The aim of this study was to find out whether regular surface-sensitive BN measurement is also sensitive to the stresses below the surface caused by grinding burns. More specifically, the aim was to study the relationship between BN features and sub-surface stresses and to identify a model that estimates sub-surface stresses. Real samples were collected from an actual process. The samples were cylindrical samples manufactured from commercial alloyed AISI/SAE L6 steel that was through-hardened prior to grinding. Barkhausen noise measurements were carried out for 42 grinding burn locations followed by X-ray diffraction-based residual stress surface measurements and residual stress depth profiles. Depth information was obtained through step-by-step electrolytic removal of thin layers. The stress profiles were pre-processed through interpolation and averaged stress was calculated as a function of depth below the surface. Correlation analysis was carried out to evaluate the relationships between BN features and stress at different depths and among BN features. The main outcome of the analysis was that BN measurement is dominated by the sub-surface tensile stresses rather than the compressive stress at the surface. It was also noticed that BN features form two groups, corresponding to average Barkhausen activity and magnetising field strength leading to maximum Barkhausen activity. Models for stress at different steps were identified systematically. The performance of the models for sub-surface stresses was reasonable with R² values of around 0.85 and root mean squared error (RMSE) values of around 95 MPa. Based on the results, it is concluded that BN measurement provides information about sub-surface stresses and that stress can be evaluated through straightforward modelling, allowing fast detection of grinding burns.     

Analysis of the Use of Dried Blood Spot Measurements in Disease Screening

The collection of dried blood spots on filter paper offers a powerful tool in screening programs and in large population-based surveys. The method has the advantage of being less invasive and relatively painless and is particularly suitable for collection in neonates and the elderly. Blood can be collected and transported economically without requiring a cold chain. The use of blood spots for the measurement of insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and triglycerides is reported. A good correlation between measurement of these analytes in dried blood and sera suggests that the method is valid and has the potential to be used for the screening of cardiometabolic risk factors. This method of blood collection is particularly suited for developing countries where cost cutting is important.     

Impedance Analysis and Noise Measurements on Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

The electrical impedance characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) networks were studied as a function of CNT concentrations in the frequency range of 1 kHz–1 MHz. The novelty of this study is that the MWCNTs were not embedded in any polymer matrix and so the response of the device to electrical measurements are attributed to the CNTs in the network without any contribution from a polymer host matrix. Devices with low MWCNT packing density (0.31–0.85 µg/cm²) exhibit a frequency independent plateau in the low-frequency regime. At higher frequencies, the AC conductivity of these devices increases following a power law, characteristic of the universal dynamic response (UDR) phenomenon. On the other hand, devices with high MWCNT concentrations (>1.0 µg/cm²) exhibit frequency independent conductivity over the entire frequency range (up to 1 MHz), indicating that conduction in these devices is due to direct contact between the CNTs in the network. A simple single-relaxation time electrical equivalent circuit with an effective resistance and capacitance is used to describe the device performance. The electrical noise measurements on devices with different MWCNT packing densities exhibit bias-dependent low-frequency 1/f noise, attributed to resistance fluctuations.