维生素E,硒对镉暴露大鼠脂质过氧化反应及环核苷酸含量的影响

采用纯种Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，随机分为５组：正常对照组、镉处理组、ＶＥ＋镉联合处理组、硒＋镉联合处理组与ＶＥ＋硒＋镉联合处理组。连续观测４周。观察血清及肝匀浆脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、肝匀浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）、血浆环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）、环磷酸鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）、肝匀浆ｃＡＭＰ、肝组织镉（Ｃｄ）含量等指标。结果显示３个联合处理组的血ＬＰＯ、ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ均比镉处理组明显降低，且ＶＥ＋硒＋镉联合处理组的减低程度最明显。从肝组织ＬＰＯ、ｃＡＭＰ和Ｃｄ３个指标看，３个联合处理组均比镉处理组明显降低，且ＶＥ＋硒＋镉联合处理组的减低程度更明显。３个联合处理组的ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ均比镉处理组明显增高。表明ＶＥ和硒拮抗了镉致大鼠脂质过氧化作用。并提示ＶＥ和硒的联合协同作用明显     

氯化镉对大鼠的脂质过氧化作用

近些年来,脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）作为很多毒物毒作用机理的研究引起了广泛的重视。对镉中毒机理研究结果表明,经皮下注射镉金属硫蛋白（ＣｄＭＴ）可引起大鼠肾脏产生ＬＰＯ改变〔１～３〕。腹腔注射氯化镉（ＣｄＣｌ２）后,镉在体内的分布与皮下注射ＣｄＭＴ有所不同...     

矽肺患者血中一氧化氮和脂质过氧化水平的变化

目的探讨一氧化氮、氧化、脂质过氧化与矽肺的关系。方法检测７３例矽肺患者和６０例健康对照者血浆中一氧化氮（ＰＮＯ）、维生素Ｃ（ＰＶＣ）、维生素Ｅ（ＰＶＥ）、β－胡萝卜素（ＰβＣＡＲ）、过氧化脂质（ＰＬＰＯ）及红细胞中超氧化物歧化酶（ＥＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＥＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＥＧＳＨＰｘ）、过氧化脂质（ＥＬＰＯ）值。结果与对照组比较，不同病情、不同肺功能状态患者组的ＰＶＣ、ＰＶＥ、ＰβＣＡＲ、ＥＳＯＤ、ＥＣＡＴ、ＥＧＳＨＰｘ平均值均显著降低，ＰＮＯ、ＰＬＰＯ、ＥＬＰＯ平均值均显著升高；各检测值与患病年限均有直线相关；逐步回归表明，病情、肺功能状态与ＰＮＯ、ＰＶＥ、ＥＳＯＤ、ＥＬＰＯ值相关最为密切。结论矽肺患者体内一氧化氮代谢异常，氧化、抗氧化平衡严重失调，氧化和脂质过氧化反应病理性加剧     

二硫化碳对大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化作用的研究

观察了二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）腹腔注射染毒对大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活力的影响，急性染毒实验结果显示，大鼠肝ＬＰＯ含量随ＣＳ２染毒剂量增加而明显升高（ｒ＝０．８１０８，Ｐ＜０．０１），ＳＯＤ活性随剂量增加有降低趋势，ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性未见显著变化。亚急性实验结果显示，染毒２１ｄ染毒组ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活力，染毒４５ｄ染毒组ＳＯＤ及ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活力与对照组比较均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），这表明，ＣＳ２是一个重要的致脂质过氧化物。     

慈菇对小鼠四氯化碳肝损伤保护作用的探讨

对给予新鲜慈菇汁连续４周灌胃的小鼠，用ＣＣｌ４急性染毒建立自由基过氧化损伤模型进行观察，同时设立对照组．结果表明：与损伤对照组比较，灌饲慈菇汁的小鼠红细胞ＳＯＤ明显为高，肝匀浆ＬＰＯ和血清ＳＧＰＴ明显为低，肝组织病理改变明显减轻．提示慈菇具有清除氧自由基和抗脂质过氧化作用，对小鼠的ＣＣｌ４肝损伤有保护作用．     

锌对铅诱发大鼠脂质过氧化时间毒性的拮抗作用研究

采用时间毒理学方法，研究锌对铅诱发大鼠脂质过氧化昼夜节律的影响。结果显示：正常大鼠体内脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量具有近似昼夜节律，以１４∶１４为峰值，０２∶１４为谷值。经不同剂量醋酸铅染毒后，３个剂量组大鼠体内ＬＰＯ含量均比对照增高，呈明显的剂量效应关系；且昼夜节律消失。经硫酸锌联合处理后，３个剂量组大鼠体内ＬＰＯ含量均比单独铅染毒的相应剂量组低；且低剂量铅组ＬＰＯ含量的昼夜节律重新出现，但峰值相位提前５小时。提示铅对机体的脂质过氧化作用具有时间毒性，锌对低剂量铅所诱发的脂质过氧化时间毒性具有一定的拮抗作用     

低硒高镉对大鼠体内抗氧化作用影响的研究

用控制硒、镉含量的饲料喂养生长期Ｓ．Ｄ大鼠，观察低硒高镉对大鼠体内抗氧化作用的影响。结果表明：低硒使大鼠组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性降低，脂质过氧化产物（ＬＰＯ）含量升高；加镉组大鼠组织中ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性比不加镉组低，ＬＰＯ含量比不加镉组高；而同时饲以低硒高镉饲料时，组织中ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性进一步降低．ＬＰＯ含量更加升高。提示低硒高镉在大鼠抗氧化作用中呈现相加作用。     

矽肺与NO、氧化及脂质过氧化关系的探讨

目的探讨矽肺与ＮＯ及氧化和脂质过氧化的关系。方法检测７３例矽肺患者和６０例健康对照者的血浆ＮＯ、ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、β胡萝卜素（βＣＡＲ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰｘ）活力和ＬＰＯ含量。结果与对照组比较,矽肺组的血浆ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、βＣＡＲ含量及红细胞ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＧＳＨＰｘ活力显著降低,血浆ＮＯ、ＬＰＯ含量及红细胞ＬＰＯ含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;各检测值与病程均有相关;血浆ＮＯ、ＶｉｔＥ含量及红细胞ＳＯＤ活力、ＬＰＯ含量与病程相关最密切。结论矽肺患者体内的ＮＯ代谢异常,氧化和脂质过氧化反应病理性加剧。     

大豆磷脂合剂对大鼠血清、组织脂质水平和脂质过氧化及脂肪肝的影响

大豆磷脂合剂（大豆磷脂和ＶＥ按一定比例混合）５０ｍｇ·Ｃａｐｉｔａ（－１）·ｄ（－１）饲喂实验性高脂血症和脂肪肝大鼠四周。可使大鼠血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、肝脏脂质过氧化物（肝ＬＰＯ）、肝脏和主动脉壁胆固醇和甘油三酯含量（肝ＣＨ、肝ＴＧ，主动脉ＣＨ，主动脉ＴＧ）明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）水平升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；肝脏脂肪变性程度减轻（Ｐ＜０．０１）。实验结果提示：大豆磷脂合剂具有降低血脂、促进脂肪肝恢复和延缓血清和组织脂质过氧化的生物学作用。     

甲醛对大鼠的氧化性损伤

大鼠吸入不同剂量甲醛１０天，其血、肺、肝、肾、睾丸、脑和眼球脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）均有增加趋势．肝和睾丸ＬＰＯ增加有统计学意义。肾ＧＳＨＰＸ活性随甲醛浓度加大而显著升高。肝和睾丸组织ＬＰＯ／ＧＳＨＰＸ比值显著升高。表明甲醛吸入可造成大鼠肝脏和睾丸的脂质过氧化损伤，并使它们的抗氧化能力降低。     

Role of dietary vitamin E in cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rabbit's blood, liver and kidneys

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E intake on lipid peroxidation (LPO) by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), vitamin E and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px: EC 1.11.1.9) activity in plasma, red blood cells (RBC), livers, and kidneys of rabbits dosed with cadmium (Cd). Six-month-old clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits (8 in each group) were given tap water only, containing 1 g CdCl2/L, or tap water with CdCl2 plus vitamin E (100 mg dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate in 0.2 mL corn oil) daily for 30 days. The vitamin E level in the plasma, liver, and kidneys was significantly higher in the control than in the Cd-only group, and TBARS levels were significantly lower. There were no statistical differences between the control and Cd-only groups GSH-Px activities and GSH levels in RBC, liver, and kidneys. Vitamin E levels in plasma, liver, and kidneys and GSH-Px activity in RBC were higher in the vitamin E group than in both control and Cd-only groups. However, the TBARS levels of RBC, liver, and kidneys in vitamin E administered group were decreased. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the effectiveness of vitamin E in reducing oxidative stress in Cd-treated rabbits and suggests that reductions in increased TBARS due to Cd toxicity may be an important factor in the action of vitamin E.     

维生素A缺乏对大鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响

目的 :　研究维生素 A(VA)缺乏对 3w龄大鼠的脂质过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响。方法 :　健康 Wistar雄性大鼠 33只 ,按体重随机分为 A(VA完全缺乏组 ) ,B(VA轻度缺乏组 ) ,C(VA正常对照组 )三组。每组 1 1只 ,实验期为 84d。观察指标有 :血清 VA,血清、肝脏及脑组织的超氧物岐化酶 (SOD)活性 ,全血、肝脏及脑组织的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH- Px)活性 ,血清、肝脏及脑组织的丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,并采用电子自旋共振 (electron spin resonance,ESR)和自旋捕捉技术直接测定大鼠肝组织中的氧自由基。结果 :　 A、B组大鼠血清、肝脏及脑组织 SOD活性明显下降 ,全血、肝脏及脑组织 GSH- Px活性明显降低 ,血清、肝脏及脑组织 MDA含量显著升高 ,ESR图谱出现了 N- H偶合的三组双峰波。结论 :　 VA完全或轻度缺乏均可以使大鼠脂质过氧化反应明显增强 ,而抗氧化能力明显减弱     

The potential role of combined anti-oxidants against cadmium toxicity on liver of rats

Cadmium (Cd), a widely distributed toxic trace metal, has been shown to accumulate in liver after long- and short-term exposure. Cd (2 mg/kg/day CdCl2) was intraperitoneally given to rats for eight days. Vitamin C (250 mg/kg/day) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg/day) + sodium selenate (0.25 mg/kg/day) were given to rats by oral means. The animals were treated by anti-oxidants one hour prior to treatment with Cd every day. The degenerative changes were observed in the groups given only Cd and anti-oxidants + Cd. Metallothionein (MT) immunoreactivity increased in cytoplasm of hepatocytes of the rats given Cd when compared with controls. In a number of cells with Cd and anti-oxidants treatment, immunoreactivity increase was more than in the group given Cd only and nuclear MT expression was also detected. Cell proliferation was assessed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry. PCNA expressions increased in all groups more than in the controls. Anti-oxidants treatment increased cell proliferation. In the animals administered with Cd, an increase in serum aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases, liver glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were observed. On the other hand, in the rats treated with anti-oxidants and Cd, serum AST and ALT, liver glutathione and LPO levels decreased. As a result, these results suggest that combined anti-oxidants treatment might be useful in protection of liver against Cd toxicity.     

高硒高镉致大鼠组织脂质过氧化作用与中毒损伤关系的研究

给成年雄性Wistar大鼠分别和同时腹腔注射Na_2SeO_3(3mg/kg)、CdCl_2(1mg/kg),对照组大鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水各3天,研究高硒高镉致大鼠组织脂质过氧化作用与中毒损伤的关系,结果表明,给大鼠同时注射Se和Cd显著地拮抗Se致肝脏GSH水平下降和LPO含量增加以及Cd致肾脏、睾丸GSH水平下降和LPO含量增加,但同时给大鼠注射Se和Cd对单独Cd注射致肝、肾SOD活性增加没有明显影响,病理组织学检查发现,给大鼠同时注射Se和Cd显著拮抗Se致肝脏、Cd致肾脏、睾丸的严重损伤。     

缺锌对大鼠脂质过氧化及抗氧化系统的影响

研究缺锌对３周龄大鼠的脂质过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响。方法：健康Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠３３只,雌雄各半,按体重随机分为Ａ（缺锌组）,Ｂ（自由进食对照组）,Ｃ（配对喂养组）。每组１１只,实验期４０天。观察指标有血清和肝脏锌,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性,血清和肝脏丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）,并采用电子自旋共振（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｓｐｉｎｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ,ＥＳＲ）及自旋捕捉技术直接测定大鼠肝组织中的氧自由基。结果：Ａ组大鼠肝脏ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性明显下降,血清和肝脏ＭＤＡ含量显著升高,ＥＳＲ图谱出现了Ｎ－Ｈ偶合的三组双峰波。结论：缺锌可以使大鼠脂质过氧化反应明显加强,而抗氧化能力明显减弱。     

砷对小鼠肝脏氧化损伤的实验研究

为探讨砷中毒的肝脏损害机理,通过急性实验和亚慢性实验,研究了砷对小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）水平的影响。结果表明,在急性实验中,与对照组相比,低、中剂量组ＧＳＨ含量显著增高,高剂量组则显著降低;低剂量组ＳＯＤ活力显著增高,中、高剂量组则显著降低;各剂量组ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活力均显著降低,且呈剂量－效应关系;中、高剂量组则显著降低;各剂量组ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活力均显著降低,且呈剂量－效应关系;中、高剂 ＭＤＡ水     

高水平维生素E对大鼠血脂、肝脂及肝脂质过氧化的作用

采用成年Wistar大鼠为实验动物,雌雄各半。1组为基础饲料对照组,2组为高脂饲料对照组,3、4、5组分别以维生素E30、60、120mg/d灌胃,同时喂饲高脂饲料。实验8周后停止灌胃并改饲基础饲料5周至实验结束。 研究表明:1.高水平维生素E(60和120mg/d)对高脂饲料诱导的大鼠肝实质细胞中性脂肪蓄积及肝脏(体内)脂质过氧化的增加均有明显抑制作用。2.高水平维生素E(30、60和120mg/d)无明显降低大鼠血清胆固醇、甘油三酯及增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的作用。大鼠血清维生素E与胆固醇水平呈正相关关系,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无明显相关。提示维生素E可能并无抑制高脂血症的作用。3.喂饲高脂饲料时雌鼠血清胆固醇的反应比雄鼠敏感,维生素E灌胃时雌鼠血清维生素E的反应比雄鼠敏感,提示存在性别差异。     

Acute effect of single-dose cadmium treatment on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in ovariectomized rats

We investigated the acute effect of single-dose cadmium (Cd) treatment on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney of rats following an ovariectomy operation. Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were used and were divided into four groups: I, control (n=7); II, cadmium (Cd, n=7); III, ovariectomized (Ovx, n=7); and IV, ovariectomized+cadmium (Ovx-Cd, n=7). Fourteen of the rats were ovariectomized. Twelve weeks later, cadmium chloride (CdCl(2), 5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. as a single dose to the Cd and Ovx-Cd groups. Twenty-four hours after the injection, all rats were sacrificed and had their liver and kidney tissues removed for the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. SOD activity showed a significant decrease (P<0.001) in both organs of Ovx and Cd rats in comparison to controls. CAT activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the liver of Ovx and Cd groups but not in the kidneys of both groups compared to control values. MDA concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in both organs of Ovx and Cd rats than those values observed in the control group. Similar patterns of changes were observed in the Ovx-Cd rats, but the increase in the MDA levels and the decrease in the antioxidant enzymes for the Ovx-Cd group were higher than those of the Ovx and Cd groups. Based on the data, it can be stated that cadmium increases the effect of ovariectomy on lipid peroxidation, impairs the antioxidant defense system, and induces oxidative stress.     

Vitamin E reduction of lipid peroxidation products in rats fed cod liver oil and ethanol

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on ethanol- and cod liver oil-induced lipid peroxidation. Adult male rats received diets containing ethanol, cod liver oil and supplemented with vitamin E for 28 days. Following treatment, hepatic conjugated dienes, lipid fluorescence, and exhalation of ethane were measured as indices of lipid peroxidation. Ethane expiration over a 3-hour period was reduced by 96% in rats fed ethanol supplemented with vitamin E. Exhalation of ethane was increased by CLO feeding but was reduced 89% in the CLO-fed rats supplemented with vitamin E. In addition, ethane production was elevated in rats fed ethanol plus CLO compared to rats fed diets containing CLO supplemented with vitamin E. Supplementation of the CLO diet with vitamin E also significantly decreased hepatic conjugated fatty acid dienes levels. Levels of hepatic conjugated fatty acid dienes from rats fed ethanol plus vitamin E were reduced 91% compared to rats fed ethanol diets. Additionally, hepatic lipid fluorescence expressed as per mg of hepatic phospholipid basis was also significantly increased in rat groups fed vitamin E, ethanol, and cod liver oil diets. Where vitamin E was added to these same diets a significant decrease of hepatic lipid peroxidation products occurred. The observed reduction in lipid peroxidation by vitamin E may be useful to retard lipid peroxides derived materials involved in the development of alcoholic liver diseases.     

维生素E对烧伤小鼠免疫功能改善及其机制

本实验研究了维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）改善烧伤后免疫功能的作用，并对其作用机制进行了探讨。结果显示，小鼠１１％～１２％总体表面积（ＴＢＳＡ）全层皮肤烧伤后血、肝、脾中过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）水平升高、谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量下降，淋巴细胞增殖反应、白介素一２（ＩＬ一２）生成、空斑形成细胞（ＩＪＦＣ）形成及迟发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）均处于抑制状态。投予ＶＥ后可防止烧伤动物体内ＬＰＯ水平、ＧＳＨ含量明显变化，免疫功能受抑制的程度也明显小于未投予组。以超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）处理的作用与ＶＥ相同。体外实验显示，过氧化亚油酸可抑制淋巴细胞增殖反应以及ＩＬ一２产生、诱发淋巴细胞脂质过氧化、降低淋巴细胞内ＧＳＨ含量。淋巴细胞上述功能的抑制与ＬＰＯ水平密切相关；加入ＶＥ可抑制过氧化亚油酸对淋巴细胞的上述作用。提示ＶＥ可改善烧伤后免疫功能，其机制可能是通过抗氧化作用而发挥的。