丙型肝炎病毒5′非翻译区 DNA 序列在 HepG2细胞中的启动子活性

目的 研究丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因组5′非翻译区(5′UTR)DNA 序列在 HepG2细胞中 的启动子活性，以了解 HCV 的复制调控机制。方法 分别构建 HCV 基因组5′UTR DNA 正反向序列驱动 虫荧光素酶基因表达的质粒5′UTR-Luc(+)/(-)和5′UTR DNA 序列驱动绿色荧光蛋白基因表达的质粒5′ UTR-EGFP(+)/(-)，分别转染 HepG2细胞，用双荧光素酶检测系统检测虫荧光素酶的表达水平，逆转录 聚合酶链反应检测虫荧光素酶基因 m R N A 水平，荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光蛋白基因的表达水平，并与相应 对照作比较，来证实 HCV 基因组5′UTR DNA 序列的启动子活性。结果 5′UTR-Luc(+)有明显的虫 荧光素酶表达，但比 pGL3 control 表达水平低(Luc/R为0．690±0．086，Luc/RL 为4．210±0．340)，而5 ′UTR-Luc(-)和 pGL3 enhancer 无明显虫荧光素酶表达(Luc/RL 分别为0．095±0．008和0．044±0． 005)；逆转录聚合酶链反应结果与之相符，5′UTR-Luc(+)检测到虫荧光素酶基因 mRNA，而5′UTR- Luc(-)则未检测到。5′UTR-EGFP(+)观察到较强绿色荧光，而5′UTR-EGFP(-)无荧光表达。 结论 HCV 基因组5′U TR DNA 序列具有明显的启动子活性，能启动下游基因的表达，在 HCV 基因组复 制过程中有重要作用。     

HepG2细胞中HCV NS5A蛋白对HCV IRES启动蛋白翻译的影响

目的探讨HepG2细胞中HCV非结构蛋白5A（NS5A）对HCV IRES启动蛋白翻译的影响，以了解HCV的复制调控机制。方法将构建的表达双荧光素酶的双顺反子载体pCMV-Rluc-IRES-Fluc和含HCV NS5A基因的表达质粒pcDNA-NS5A共转染HepG2细胞，用双荧光素酶检测系统检测虫荧光素酶的表达水平，细胞免疫荧光技术检测HCV-NS5A蛋白的表达，RT-PCR检测虫荧光素酶基因mRNA水平，并与相应对照做比较，以观察HCV NS5A对HCV IRES介导虫荧光素酶翻译水平的影响。结果转染pcDNA-NS5A的HepG2细胞中虫荧光素酶活性明显高于转染pCDNA3．I-3flag的对照组，并存在剂量依赖关系；而RT-PCR虫荧光素酶基因mRNA水平在两组间差异无统计学意义。转染pcDNA-NS5A的HepG2细胞质中可见HCV NS5A蛋白的表达。结论HCV NS5A蛋白对HCV IRES介导虫荧光素酶的翻译有正调节作用，并存在剂量依赖关系．     

人XAF1基因启动子的克隆及其在人肝癌细胞株中活性的测定

目的分析XAF1基因启动子在肝癌细胞株中的活性,为研究XAF1基因转录调控的基本机制奠定基础。方法从肝癌细胞株中扩增XAF1基因的1395bp启动区域片段并分别克隆到报告基因载体pGL3-basic和pEGFP-1中,分别将含有XAF1基因启动子的报告基因载体pGL3-basic和pEGFP-1转染肝癌细胞株HepG2、SMMC7721,检测萤火虫荧光素酶的活性并观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达。通过转染细胞、荧光素酶活性测定及观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达,检测其启动子活性。结果重组的质粒经双酶切和测序结果证实克隆的XAF1启动子片段序列正确;转染后的HepG2、SMMC7721荧光素酶相对发光强度分别是6．97±0．74、6．12±0．59。其绿色荧光蛋白强度明显低于对照组。结论本实验构建的含XAF1启动子的报告基因质粒为研究XAF1基因的转录调控提供实验依据。     

HCV非结构蛋白5A对HIV长末端重复序列影响的初步探讨

目的本研究拟探讨HCV非结构蛋白5A(NS5A)对HIV长末端重复序列(long terminal repeat,LTR)影响,从而为HCV对HIV的影响提供实验依据。方法将构建的LTR启动子驱动的荧光素酶(Luc)报告基因表达质粒(pGL3-LTR-Luc)和含HCV NS5A基因的表达质粒pCNS5A共转染肝癌细胞株(Huh7细胞),采用免疫细胞化学技术、Western Blot及逆转录聚合酶链反应检测HCV NS5A蛋白及mRNA的表达;本实验分三组,将质粒pGL3-LTR-Luc(空白组)、质粒pRc/CMV+pGL3-LTR-Luc(对照组)、质粒pCNS5A+pGL3-LTR-Luc(实验组)分别转染Huh7细胞,48 h后收集细胞,采用Luc活性检测LTR的活性,以观察HCV NS5A对LTR的调控影响。所得荧光活性值以均数±标准差表示,采用Levene's方差齐性检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较行LSD-t检验。结果转染pcNS5A质粒的Huh7细胞质经RT-PCR及Western Blot检测,HCV NS5A mRNA及蛋白在细胞中获得表达。方差分析结果提示LTR荧光活性在三组间有明显的差异(F=7.876,P=0.002),进一步比较各组间的差异,结果提示共转染质粒pcNS5A+pGL3-LTR-Luc组的Huh7细胞中Luc相对活性(22 476±4471)明显高于单转染pGL3-LTR-Luc组(15 887±3039,P=0.002)及共转染质粒pRc/CMV+pGL3-LTR-Luc组(16 321±4162,P=0.008),差异有统计学意义。结论表达HCV NS5A的质粒pCNS5A成功转染至Huh7细胞;HCV NS5A蛋白能激活HIV LTR,提示HCV NS5A可能为HCV促进HIV复制的分子机制之一。     

含有MS4A7基因启动子的荧光素酶报告基因质粒的构建及意义

目的构建含有人4次跨膜监视蛋白A（MS4A）基因启动子的萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因质粒。方法用PCR方法扩增获得含有人MS4A7基因启动子的DNA片段,将其连接至TA克隆质粒后转移至虫荧光素酶质粒pGL3-basic中,得到pGL3-MS4A7-Promoter重组质粒;经限制性内切酶酶切、PCR及测序鉴定得到确认;将该质粒转染进入HL-60细胞,并检测细胞中虫荧光素酶的活性。结果 pGL3-MS4A7-Promoter重组质粒插入片段和相邻序列正确,克隆的MS4A7基因片段有启动子活性。结论成功构建了pGL3-MS4A7-Promoter报告基因质粒,为进一步研究MS4A7基因的表达调控奠定了基础。     

短发夹状双链RNA抑制丙型肝炎病毒IRES介导的基因表达

目的研究载体表达的短发夹状双链RNA（shRNA）对丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）IRES介导的基因表达的特异性抑制作用。方法构建HCV IRES调控的绿色荧光蛋白表达载体（pIRES—GFP）和虫荧光索酶表达载体（p5′ UTR—Luc），以及针对HCV IRES的shRNA表达载体（pshRNA-HCV）。共转染HepG2细胞，于转染后24、48、72h观察绿色荧光的强弱，用Western blot检测绿色荧光蛋白的表达，半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法检测GFP的mRNA水平。双荧光索酶系统检测虫荧光索酶活性。结果pshRNA-HCV作用组绿色荧光强度明显弱于未干扰组，GFP蛋白表达量及虫荧光素酶活性降低60％～70％，半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应显示pshRNA-HCV导致了GFP基因mRNA水平的降低。结论针对HCV IRES的shRNA能够显著和特异地抑制该区域调控的蛋白表达水平及mRNA水平，该研究结果为利用RNA干扰技术治疗HCV感染进行了初步探索。     

肝癌细胞中丛生蛋白的差异性表达检测和启动子表达质粒的构建

目的检测肝癌细胞HepG2中丛生蛋白(CLU)的表达情况并构建肝癌差异性表达基因CLU启动子表达质粒,为后续进行CLU基因差异性表达及机制研究奠定基础。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测CLU mRNA在肝细胞癌(HCC)HepG2细胞和正常肝细胞L02中的表达水平。应用生物信息学分析和序列测序获得CLU基因启动子序列,并将其插入到pGL3-Basic质粒中。通过酶切、琼脂糖凝胶电泳及测序对构建完成的pGL3-CLUP质粒进行验证。结果RT-qPCR结果表明HepG2细胞CLU mRNA的表达量约是L02细胞的9.38倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。pGL3-CLUP质粒经单酶切后为一条电泳条带,长度为5000~6000 bp;双酶切后的质粒为两条电泳条带,一条为5000 bp左右,另一条为1000~1500 bp,大小与质粒和启动子大小一致。测序结果也表明CLU启动子已插入到pGL3-Basic质粒启动子区。结论CLU在HCC细胞中高表达。pGL3-CLUP启动子表达质粒构建成功。     

转录因子FoxO3a对PC12细胞朊蛋白管家基因表达调控的影响

目的探讨叉头转录因子O亚型(FoxO)3a对PC12细胞朊蛋白管家基因(PRNP)表达调控的影响。方法以PC12细胞为研究对象,采用siRNAs沉默基因实验、实时荧光聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及Western印迹检测PRNP转录及蛋白表达水平。通过双荧光素酶(Luc)报告基因检测试验检测Luc活性,进而评估启动子的活性。结果 FoxO3a基因沉默后,S1探针(S1)组PRNP基因表达明显上升(P<0.05);S1组FoxO3a基因被沉默后,朊蛋白(PrP)蛋白表达显著升高,与基因水平一致;双荧光素酶报告基因检测结果显示,与基础对照组(pGL3-Basic+pRL-Tk)相比,阳性对照组(pGL3-Control+pRL-TK)FLuc/Rluc值明显提高(P<0.01),实验组Ⅰ(pGL3-PNRP+pRL-TK)FLuc/Rluc也显著高于基础对照组(P<0.01);当pGL3-PNRP质粒、pcDNA3.1-FoxO3a高表达质粒与海肾荧光素酶pRL系列(pRL-TK)质粒共转入细胞内,48 h后,与实验组Ⅰ相比,实验组Ⅱ(pGL3-PNRP+pcDNA3.1-FoxO3a+pRL-TK)的FLuc/RLuc值明显下降(P<0.01)。结论 FoxO3a可以负调控PRNP基因的表达,这种调控是通过结合PRNP基因启动子区域而抑制其转录来实现的。     

蛋白磷酸酶2A催化亚基α显性负性突变体表达载体对肝癌细胞生长的影响

目的 构建肝癌组织特异性启动子驱动的蛋白磷酸酶2A催化亚基α显性负性突变体(DN-PP2Acα)表达载体,研究其对肝癌细胞生长的影响.方法 将甲胎蛋白(AFP)基因的增强子和磷酸甘油酸激酶(pgk)基因的启动子组合形成的肝癌组织特异性AFpg启动子.采用定点突变将野生型蛋白磷酸酶2A催化亚基α(PP2Acα)突变为DN-PP2Ac α.将AFpg启动子和DN-PP2Ac α编码序列构建成AFpg启动子调控的DN-PP2Ac α表达载体pGL3-Basic-AFpg-PP2Acα.荧光素酶报告基因实验检测AFpg启动子的转录活性.质粒pcDNA3.1(+)、pGL3-Basic、pcDNA3.1 (+)-DN-PP2Acα、pGL3-Basic-AFpg、pGL3-Basic-AFpg-PP2Ac α分别转染L02、SK-Hep-1、HepG2和Hep3B细胞,Western blot检测PP2Ac蛋白表达水平,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法检测细胞生长情况.成组t检验分析不同处理组间的细胞活力差异.结果 L02、SK-Hep-1、HepG2和Hep3B细胞中,AFpg启动子相对荧光素酶活性分别为3.61±1.07、3.46±0.66、98.70±18.60、88.70±19.53,AFpg启动子在表达AFP的细胞中具有高转录活性.pGL3-BaSic-AFpg-PP2Acα可特异性地使DN-PP2Ac α表达于AFP阳性肝癌细胞HepG2和Hep3B,并抑制其生长,转染72 h后,HepG2细胞活力下降42.65％±3.99％,Hep3B细胞活力下降39.87％±3.91％,与0h时比较,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为13.0563和12.9920,P值均＜0.01).pGL3-BaSic-AFpg-PP2Ac α对AFP阴性细胞的生长无明显影响.结论 AFpg启动子调控的DN-PP2Acα表达载体特异性地抑制AFP阳性肝癌细胞的生长,可用于肝癌组织特异性基因治疗.     

大鼠γ谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶催化亚单位基因5′端调控序列初步分析

目的　分析大鼠γ谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γ-GCS)催化亚单位 (GCLC)基因 5′端调控区域和相应转录因子的特性。方法　克隆 1 760bp大鼠GCLC上游调控基因并构建含荧光素酶基因的报道载体GCLC-Luc(GCLC/pGL-3),利用外切核酸酶Ⅲ将大鼠GCLC基因的 5′端序列单向切成不同长度的缺失体,将所构建的GCLC-Luc及其 11个缺失体转染大鼠肺泡上皮细胞,通过测量转染后细胞的荧光素酶活性确定该基因的调控区域,并通过转录因子分析软件分析出可能与这些调控区域结合的转录因子,最后通过电泳迁移率改变实验 (EMSA)以明确该调控区的顺式元件和转录因子。结果　实验成功地克隆出大鼠GCLC上游调控基因及其报道载体GCLC-Luc及GCLC-Luc的 11个缺失体。将GCLC-Luc及其缺失体转染肺泡上皮细胞并分析荧光素酶活性:GCLC Luc(-1 758 /+2 Luc),缺失体 1(-1 231 /+2 Luc),缺失体 2(-1 108 /+2 Luc),缺失体 3(-1 087 /+2 Luc),缺失体 4(-876 /+2 Luc),缺失体 5(-745 /+2 Luc),缺失体 6(-705 /+2 Luc),缺失体 8(-613 /+2 Luc),缺失体 9(-595 /+2 Luc),缺失体 10( -403 /+2 Luc)和缺失体 11( -111 /+2 Luc)的荧光素酶值分别为(90 012±2 445)、(77 652±840)、(149 927±4 915)、(71 588±1 108)、(99 283±2 612)、(75 443±1 438)、(28     

HCV NS5A abrogates p53 protein function by interfering with p53-DNA binding

AIM: To evaluate the inhibition effect of HCV NS5A on p53 transactivation on p21 promoter and explore its possible mechanism for influencing p53 function. METHODS: p53 function of transactivation on p21 promoter was studied with a luciferase reporter system in which the luciferase gene is driven by p21 promoter, and the p53-DNA binding ability was observed with the use of electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA). Lipofectin mediated p53 or HCV NS5A expression vectors were used to transfect hepatoma cell lines to observe whether HCV NS5A could abrogate the binding ability of p53 to its specific DNA sequence and p53 transactivation on p21 promoter. Western blot experiment was used for detection of HCV NS5A and p53 proteins expression. RESULTS: Relative luciferase activity driven by p21 promoter increased significantly in the presence of endogenous p53 protein. Compared to the control group, exogenous p53 protein also stimulated p21 promoter driven luciferase gene expression in a dose-dependent way. HCV NS5A protein gradually inhibited both endogenous and exogenous p53 transactivation on p21 promoter with increase of the dose of HCV NS5A expression plasmid. By the experiment of EMSA, we could find p53 binding to its specific DNA sequence and, when co-transfected with increased dose of HCV NS5A expression vector, the p53 binding affinity to its DNA gradually decreased and finally disappeared. Between the Huh 7 cells transfected with p53 expression vector alone or co-transfected with HCV NS5A expression vector, there was no difference in the p53 protein expression. CONCLUSION: HCV NS5A inhibits p53 transactivation on p21 promoter through abrogating p53 binding affinity to its specific DNA sequence. It does not affect p53 protein expression.     

HCVcore/NS3/NS5A对内源性IFN-β表达影响及其调控机制初步研究

目的探讨丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)core、NS3、NS5A对内源性IFN-β表达的影响及其调控机制。方法将HCVcore、NS3、NS5A表达载体pcDNA3.1/myc-His-core/NS3/NS5A转染至HepG2细胞,验证蛋白表达之后,采用实时荧光定量PCR和Westernblot及ELISA方法观察3种蛋白对IFN-βmRNA及蛋白水平表达的影响。构建IFN-β全长启动子报告基因表达载体,借助双萤虫素酶活性检测,探讨HCVcore、NS3、NS5A对IFN-β转录水平的调控机制。结果 pcDNA3.1/myc-His-core/NS3/NS5A在HepG2细胞中成功表达,与转染pcDNA3.1/myc-His空载体相比,pcDNA3.1/myc-His-NS3/NS5A过表达时,在mRNA及蛋白水平均能抑制HepG2细胞内IFN-β的表达,与转染空载体的对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。双萤虫素酶活性检测显示,转染IFN-β全长启动子报告基因表达质粒后,与对照组相比,双萤虫素酶活性降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。pcDNA3.1/myc-His-core过表达时对IFN-β的表达无明显影响。结论 HCVNS3/NS5A在mRNA及蛋白水平能抑制IFN-β表达,并通过其转录水平影响IFN-β表达,core对IFN-β的表达无明显影响。其具体调控机制有待进一步研究。     

Selection of different 5' untranslated region hepatitis C virus variants during post-transfusion and post-transplantation infection

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) translation is initiated in a cap-independent manner by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). Sequence changes in this region could affect translation efficiency and presumably viral replication. AIM: To determine translation efficiency of 5'UTR variants developing during post-transfusion hepatitis C in two immunocompetent subjects and in two immunosuppressed liver recipients with recurrent HCV. METHODS: Sequential samples were screened for 5'UTR changes by single-strand conformation polymorphism followed by cloning and sequencing whenever band pattern suggested sequence changes. 5'UTR variants were tested for IRES activity using a bicistronic dual luciferase expression plasmid transfected into HepG2 and Huh7 cell-lines. RESULTS: In the transfused patients, translation efficiency of 5'UTR variants from early post-transfusion samples was 5.1- to 13.7-fold higher than that of predominant variants found in late follow-up samples. Post-transplant variants in the other two patients had 2.6- to 5.9-fold higher translation efficiency than those present only in pretransplant samples. CONCLUSION: In the immunocompetent host there may be selection of low translation efficiency HCV variants over the course of infection. However, in immunosuppressed subjects the opposite seems to be true as low translation efficiency variants are superseded by high translation efficiency variants.     

Inhibitor RNA blocks the protein translation mediated by hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site in vivo

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site (HCV IRES) specific inhibitor RNA(IRNA) on gene expression mediated by HCV IRES in vivo.METHODS:By using G418 screening system, hepatoma cells constitutively expressing IRNA or mutant IRNA (mIRNA) were established and characterized, and HCV replicons containing the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) were constructed by using the same method. Cotransfection of pCMVNCRluc containing HCV 5′UTR-Iuc fusion genes and eukaryotic vector of IRNA into human hepatic carcinoma cells (HepG2) was performed and the eukaryotic expression plasmid of IRNA was transfected transiently into HCV replicons, pCMVNCRluc or pCDNA-luc was cotransfected with pSV40-β Gal into IRNA expressing hepatoma cells by using lipofectamine 2000 in vitro. Then the reporting gene expression level was examined at 48h after transfection by using a luminometer and the expressing level of HCV C antigen was analysed with a confocal microscope.RESULTS: Transient expression of IRES specific IRNA could significantly inhibit the expression of reporter gene and viral antigen mediated by HCV IRES by 50% to 90% in vivo, but mIRNA lost its inhibitory activity completely. The luciferase gene expression mediated by HCV IRES was blocked in the HHCC constitutively expressing IRNA. At 48h after transfection, the expression level of reportor gene descreased by 20%, but cap-dependent luciferase gene expression was not affected. IRNA could inhibit the HCV replicon expression 24h after transfection and the highest inhibitory activity was 80% by 72h, and the inhibitory activity was not increased until 7d after transfection.CONCLUSION:IRNA can inhibit HCV IRES mediated gene expression in vivo.