选择性动脉灌注加栓塞化疗治疗直肠癌肝转移的研究

目的：探讨直肠癌肝转移的有效治疗方法.方法：对99例直肠癌肝转移患者进行腹腔动脉灌注加肝动脉栓塞化疗（观察组）与静脉化疗（对照组）的随机对照研究.观察组52例,第一次灌注后4周重复一次,以后每间隔2～3个月进行一次灌注;对照组47例,采用静脉给药,三周重复1次.结果：治疗3个月后,观察组原有上腹疼痛减轻或消失者占70.6%,肝内肿块缩小占55.8%,对照组肝区疼痛减轻或消失者占20%,肝内肿块缩小占10.6%,两组病例1、2、3年生存率分别为80.8%、46.2%、25.0%和61.7%、19.1%、4.3%.结论：对于不能手术的结直肠癌肝转移,腹腔动脉灌注加肝动脉栓塞化疗在改善临床症状及延长生存期上较静脉化疗更有效,是一个较好的姑息性治疗方法.     

198例结直肠癌肝转移患者外科治疗的疗效分析

背景与目的:肝脏是结直肠癌常见的转移部位,35%的患者在确诊时已发生肝转移,肝转移患者的预后较差。尽管手术切除、化疗、射频消融术、介入治疗等手段应用于临床,但治疗效果不同。本研究探讨结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗的临床疗效。方法:对我院5年间经病理检查证实的198例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同进行分组:根治性切除组46例(23.2%)、姑息性切除组43例(21.7%)、手术探查组或最佳支持治疗组29例(14.6%)、肝动脉置泵化疗组41例(20.7%),全身化疗组39例(19.7%);对其生存期进行比较和统计学分析。结果:根治性切除组中位生存期37.1个月,5年生存率为31.2%;姑息性切除组的中位生存期14.3个月,5年生存率为0;肝动脉置泵化疗组的中位生存期21.3个月,5年生存期为7.5%;全身性化疗和探查组或最佳支持治疗组的中位生存期分别为18.7个月、6.3个月,均无5年生存者。根治性切除组与其他组比较,中位生存期有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:根治性切除是提高结直肠癌肝转移患者生存率的重要手段;姑息性切除治疗效果并不优于辅助性治疗,对于不能根治性切除的病例可采用肝动脉置泵化疗。     

晚期大肠癌的外科治疗

目的探讨晚期大肠癌的外科治疗方法.方法回顾性分析1994年至1999年收治的65例晚期大肠癌的临床资料.结果均为DukesD期或肝转移病例,行Hartmann术式16例,单腔乙状结肠造口术13例,双腔乙状结肠造口11例,横结肠造口4例,回肠横结肠吻合2例,横结肠乙状结肠吻合1例,升结肠癌姑息性切除1例.肝转移癌切除7例.其中包括直肠上动脉置管化疗20例.肝动脉置管化疗12例.Hartmann术式3年生存率为31%(5/16),肝动脉置管化疗组和直肠上动脉置管化疗组平均生存期为14个月,未切除或未行肝动脉置管化疗的肝转移癌及非手术治疗平均生存期10个月.结论姑息性手术和乙状结肠造口术主要用于治疗晚期大肠癌,不能切除的原发灶或肝转移灶可选择肝动脉或直肠上动脉置管化疗.姑息性手术、乙状结肠造口术及肝动脉或直肠上动脉置管化疗可解除梗阻、缓解疼痛症状,并能提高生活质量,延长生存期.     

结直肠癌肝转移的TACE治疗进展

目的:总结经肝动脉化疗栓塞术及联合多种方法治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效,并对目前治疗现状进行分析。方法:以"结直肠癌/肝转移/经肝动脉化疗栓塞术/分析"为关键词,检索PubM ed、CHKD期刊全文数据库及近5年有关TACE对结直肠癌肝转移治疗方面的文献并进行分析。结果:以TACE为主的综合治疗对延长患者生存期有益,是治疗结直肠癌肝转移的有效方法。结论:对于结直肠癌肝转移采取包括TACE在内的多学科综合治疗提高了不可切除结直肠癌肝转移患者的总体疗效,但仍需要随机大样本循证医学证据。     

结直肠癌肝转移的TACE治疗进展

目的：总结经肝动脉化疗栓塞术及联合多种方法治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效,并对目前治疗现状进行分析。方法：以＂结直肠癌/肝转移/经肝动脉化疗栓塞术/分析＂为关键词,检索PubM ed、CHKD期刊全文数据库及近5年有关TACE对结直肠癌肝转移治疗方面的文献并进行分析。结果：以TACE为主的综合治疗对延长患者生存期有益,是治疗结直肠癌肝转移的有效方法。结论：对于结直肠癌肝转移采取包括TACE在内的多学科综合治疗提高了不可切除结直肠癌肝转移患者的总体疗效,但仍需要随机大样本循证医学证据。     

肝动脉插管栓塞化疗联合腹腔灌注化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移48例疗效观察

目的 探讨肝动脉插管栓塞化疗联合腹腔灌注化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效.方法 48例结直肠癌分别行左半结肠、右半结肠或经腹直肠癌根治术后行肝动脉置泵,经药泵给药栓塞化疗及腹腔灌注化疗.结果 本组48例,完全缓解(CR)5例(10.42%),部分缓解(PR)23例(47.92%),总有效率(CR+PR)58.34%.生存期最短3个月,最长3年以上.结论 肝动脉插管栓塞化疗联合腹腔灌注化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移,毒副反应小,疗效确切,是治疗结直肠癌肝转移的有效方法.     

肝动脉药盒灌注氟脲苷联合全身化疗治疗不可切除老年结直肠癌肝转移

目的 探讨经肝动脉药盒灌注（HAI）氟脲苷（FUDR）联合全身化疗治疗不可切除老年结直肠癌肝转移患者的疗效及安全性.方法 对18例不可手术切除的老年结直肠癌肝转移回顾性分析.所有患者采用一种改进的介入方法植入肝动脉药盒,术后第2天开始接受HAI FUDR联合全身化疗.对治疗疗效、毒副反应及随访结果进行分析.结果 18例患者的总有效率为94.4%,其中完全缓解1例（5.6%）,部分缓解16例（88.9%）,疾病进展1例（5.6%）.8例患者转化为可手术切除,转化率为44.4%.中位无进展生存时间为26.0个月,中位总生存时间为30.2个月.结论 HAI FUDR联合全身化疗是治疗不可切除老年结直肠癌肝转移的一种安全有效的方法,可获得较高的手术切除率.     

结直肠癌肝转移经肝动脉栓塞及持续灌注化疗的临床疗效

背景与目的：结直肠癌肝转移患者经肝动脉介入栓塞或静脉持续滴注化疗药物,治疗效果有所提高,但尚存肿瘤局部化疗药物浓度不够高,化疗药物对肿瘤细胞的杀伤力不够强,晚期结肠直肠癌的治疗效果仍然不够好的缺陷。本文将动脉介入与持续灌注化疗药物两种方法相结合,观察结直肠癌肝转移患者经肝动脉介入栓塞或持续灌注化疗的临床疗效。方法：对26例结直肠癌肝转移患者经肝动脉介入治疗93次,单用肝动脉持续灌注化疗42次,肝动脉介入栓塞联合持续灌注化疗51次。化疗药物选用阿霉素（ADM）、顺铂（DDP）、丝裂霉素（MMC）、醛氢叶酸（CF）和5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）。先将ADM30mg/m^2和MMC6mg/m^2加入超液化碘油10-30ml中进行肝动脉灌注栓塞,然后留置导管进行持续动脉滴注。方案为CF200mg/m^2,d1-3,静脉滴注;DDP80mg/m^2d1,如肾功能改变则改用Vp-1660mg/m^2,d1-3,应用电动输液泵动脉滴注;5-FU2500mg/m^2,采用便携式输液泵将5-FU持续动脉滴注72h。结果：近期疗效以实体瘤疗效评价标准评价,CR1例,CR率3.85%;PR14例,PR率53.84%,总有效率为57.69%。本组0.5、1、2、3和5年生存率分别为92.31%、76.92%、38.46%、23.07%和3.85%,肝转移后中位生存期为11.5个月。全组病人出现的不良反应主要有肝功能损害、胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制,经护肝、制酸、止呕、水化和应用升白细胞药物对症治疗后可缓解。结论：经肝动脉持续灌注化疗及栓塞是治疗结直肠癌肝转移瘤的较好方法,能提高治疗效果。     

Ⅰ～Ⅲ期结直肠癌患者围手术期肝脏局部化疗对术后肝转移及生存率影响的Meta分析

背景与目的:结直肠癌发病率逐年上升,手术切除是其主要治疗方式,但术后肝转移普遍存在,而全身化疗对肝转移预防作用有限,故不断有研究者探讨肝脏局部化疗对肝转移及生存率的影响.本研究旨在评价预防性肝脏局部化疗对结直肠癌患者术后生存率和肝转移的影响.方法:检索1990年1月-2009年12月MEDLINE和EMBASE数据库中所有相关文章.依据治疗方法的不同分为2个亚组:门静脉灌注化疗组和肝动脉灌注化疗组,分别分析其5年生存率和肝转移率.分析软件为RevMan 5.0.23.结果:9项临床试验共3 513例患者纳入本研究(其中门静脉组7项,肝动脉组2项).Meta分析结果显示,肝动脉灌注化疗组术后5年总死亡率相对危险度为0.46(95%CI为0.31～0.69),肝转移率相对危险度为0.44(95%CI为0.28～0.68):门静脉灌注化疗组术后5年总死亡率相对危险度为0.98(95%CI为0.89～1.09),肝转移率相对危险度为0.86(95%CI为0.72～1.02).结论:在肝脏局部化疗方法中,肝动脉灌注化疗能显著降低结直肠癌患者术后死亡率及肝转移率,而门静脉灌注化疗作用不明显.     

结直肠癌肝转移患者预后因素分析

目的：探讨结直肠癌肝转移患者外科治疗后的预后影响因素及临床意义.方法：分析本院1995年1月至2000年12月158例经病理证实、随诊资料完整的结直肠癌肝转移病例临床资料，对影响患者生存的12项因素进行单因素、多因素分析.结果：根治性切除67例（42.4%）、姑息性切除53例（33.5%）、探查术或最佳支持治疗38例（24.1%） 术后化疗82例（51.9%）、术后未化疗76例（48.1%） 切缘阴性132例（83.5%）、切缘阳性26例（16.5%） 中位生存期41个月，5年生存率27.0%.单因素分析表明，外科治疗方式（P=0.013＜0.05）、原发瘤N分期（P=0.003＜0.05）、转移灶大小（P=0.037＜0.05）及分布（P=0.032＜0.05）和切缘（P=0.000＜0.001）、辅助性治疗（P=0.041＜0.05）为预后影响因素 多因素回归分析显示，仅有原发瘤N分期（P=0.004＜0.05）为预后的独立影响因素，淋巴结转移的相对危险度为2.086.结论：结直肠癌肝转移的根治性切除是患者获得长期生存的有效治疗手段 对于结直肠癌肝转移患者应恰当选择病例，力求一期根治性切除 不适合一期根治性切除者，应采用新辅助化疗手段，降级肿瘤的临床病理分期，以期提高根治性切除率，提高患者生存期.     

Usefulness of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for evaluating the efficacy of transient hepatic arterial chemoembolization for liver metastases of rectal cancer--a case report

It is pointed out that there can be a discrepancy between the effect diagnosed by radiographic imaging and that by histological examination, when we treat patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer by a transient hepatic arterial chemoembolization. We report a case of liver metastases of rectal cancer in which F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was useful for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy for transient hepatic arterial chemoembolization. A 58-year-old man with synchronous liver metastases (H2) of rectal cancer underwent a low anterior resection, a partial hepatectomy, cholecystectomy, and ligation of the gastroduodenal artery. After these operations, the patient received 6 hepatic arterial injections with degradable starch microspheres (300-600 mg), adriamycin (30 mg), and mitomycin C (10 mg) for the remaining metastatic lesion (S7). Although abdominal CT scan revealed a partial response, FDG-PET did not show any abnormal deposits. Hepatic posterior segmentectomy was performed 7 months after the first operation. Histological examination did not show any viable tumor cells in the resected specimen.     

直肠癌肝转移的治疗：附45例报告

１９８６年以来，以手术和病理证实的直肠癌肝转移者共４５例，占同期手术的７．７％。其中１６例于切除原发灶后３个月内行根治性切除，占３５．６％。１、３、５年生存率为８４．５％、５０％和３３．３％。１５例同期或分期行肝动脉栓塞化疗、门静脉化疗，１、３、５年生存率为８０％、３３．３％和０．１４例因原发灶未能切除，术后给予静脉或口服化疗，１年生存率仅１１％。     

Exacerbation of Dermatomyositis with Recurrence of Rectal Cancer: A Case Report

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by cutaneous and muscle manifestations. The association between DM and malignancy has been well recognized for many years. The clinical course of paraneoplastic DM may be affected by malignancies, although the cause and effect relationship between exacerbation of DM and cancer progression is uncertain. Herein, we report a 44-year-old woman who presented with progressive DM associated with rectal cancer. After curative resection of rectal cancer, DM symptoms resolved. Three months after surgery, blood test surveillance showed elevation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels, although the patient remained asymptomatic. One month later she had a DM flare-up, and multiple lung and liver metastases were found. She immediately underwent cancer chemotherapy with prednisolone therapy for DM. However, her condition deteriorated and she was unable to swallow. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was constructed, allowing alimentation and oral delivery, which made it possible to keep her on chemotherapy. She had remarkable response for unresectable metastases 8 weeks after the administration of chemotherapy. Seven months after onset of recurrence, her condition improved considerably and she had stable disease. Moreover, she can now eat food of soft consistency. Our case provides further support for the clinical importance of cancer chemotherapy for patients who have progressive DM and unresectable rectal cancer.Key Words: Dermatomyositis, Dysphagia, Rectal cancer, Chemotherapy     

Therapeutic effect of mFOLFOX6 for synchronous unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer

The current chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer has improved an overall survival. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of mFOLFOX6 in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous unresectable liver metastases and compared the prognosis between before and after the administration of mFOLFOX6. The subject was 28 patients of colorectal cancer with synchronous unresectable liver metastasis who received mFOLFOX6 as a first-line treatment from 2005 to 2010. The median frequency of mFOLFOX6 was 10 times( range, 2-24 times), relative dose intensity of oxaliplatin was 75.0% (range, 42 .9-100), response rate was 32%, and median progression-free survival was 9 . 9 months. Surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases was performed to 4 patients (14.3%) as a conversion therapy. The overall survival of the patients with mFOLFOX6 was significantly better than that of 31 patients who received the chemotherapy via hepatic artery or the chemotherapy before the administration of oxaliplatin (31.8 months vs. 15 .1 months, p<0.01). Our results suggested that mFOLFOX6 treatment for unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer was made not only the conversion therapy possible, but it has improved the prognosis when compared with previous treatment without oxaliplatin.     

A Successfully Resected Case of Recurrent Lung and Liver Metastases of Rectal Cancer Treated with XELIRI + Bevacizumab Therapy

It has been reported that many colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with synchronous or metachronous liver metastases underwent surgery subsequent to neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI), or capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX). However, there are very few reports of the use of capecitabine and irinotecan (XELIRI). We herein report a successfully resected case of recurrent lung and liver metastases of rectal cancer treated with combination chemotherapy with XELIRI + bevacizumab (BV) therapy. A 63-year-old male developed recurrence of a solitary nodule in the right lower lobe of the lung and multiple liver metastases after low anterior resection for rectal cancer 1 year previously. Partial resection of the right lower lobe of the lung was performed and treatment with XELIRI + BV was initiated. A computed tomography scan revealed a reduction in tumor size without any new lesions after four cycles of XELIRI + BV therapy. Partial hepatectomy of S1, S5, and S7 was safely performed. The patient is now undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and has been free from recurrence for 18 months following surgery. There are only few studies with relatively low patient numbers reporting on the outcome after resection of both pulmonary and hepatic metastases of CRC. We therefore report a patient who underwent sequential resection of pulmonary and hepatic metastases with XELIRI + BV therapy.Key words: Colorectal cancer, Liver metastasis, XELIRI     

消化道肿瘤肝转移介入治疗的临床疗效

目的　评价消化道肿瘤肝转移患者经肝动脉介入治疗的临床疗效及价值。方法　对92例消化道肿瘤肝转移患者经肝动脉介入治疗 316次。化疗药物选用EADM、PDD、MMC、CF、5 Fu联合方案 ,加超液化碘油单独或加明胶海绵栓塞。结果　近期疗效以CT检查结果作为评价标准 ,总有效率为 45 .7% ,平均生存期为 19.6个月。本组 0 .5 ,1,2 ,3,5年生存率分别为 95 .7%、73.8%、30 .9%、17.6 %和 9.9%。 9例肝内孤立性转移者疗效最好 ,平均生存期 31.2个月。综合治疗可提高疗效 ,全组无严重副作用或并发症。结论　经肝动脉介入治疗是治疗消化道肿瘤肝转移瘤的较好方法 ,其不仅能提高疗效 ,而且能改善患者的生活质量。     

Role of intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer metastases

Hepatic metastases are common with colorectal cancer. The primary blood supply to hepatic metastases is the hepatic artery. Regional chemotherapy utilizing the hepatic artery is one treatment option for liver metastases. The advantage of hepatic arterial chemotherapy is that high concentrations of the therapeutic drug are obtained in the liver with minimal systemic toxicity. Recently, systemic chemotherapy regimens have been added to hepatic arterial infusional chemotherapy to treat hepatic metastases. Due to the high response rates in the liver, resection rates are increasing in patients originally thought to have unresectable liver disease. Hepatic arterial chemotherapy has also been used in the adjuvant setting after resection of all liver metastases in order to minimize hepatic recurrences. The role of hepatic arterial infusional therapy in treating hepatic colorectal metastases includes treating patients with both resectable and unresectable metastases in the adjuvant, neoadjuvant, or palliative settings.