1355例公务员超重肥胖及其与高血压的相关性分析

目的:了解四川省直机关省厅级公务员超重、肥胖的现状,探讨体重指数、腰围与血压的关系。方法:2007年对四川省直机关省厅级公务员取样调查1355人测身高、体重、腰围(WC)、血压,计算体重指数(BMI),并对男女各组间收缩压、舒张压进行统计学分析。结果:四川省直机关省厅级公务员的男女肥胖率分别为9·3%、12·2%,超重率分别为43·7%、46·1%,肥胖组及超重组收缩压,舒张压明显高于正常组,多元回归分析结果显示男女性收缩压、舒张压与BMI、WC均有明显相关性(P<0·01)。结论:防治高血压,控制肥胖及腹型肥胖甚为重要,体重指数、腰围的控制也为防治高血压的基本措施之一。     

瑞丽市青少年肥胖程度与高血压相关性的调查

肥胖是心血管病的重要危险因素，流行病学调查表明，血压常随体重指数的增大而增高，为了解瑞丽市青少年肥胖程度与高血压的发生率情况，对瑞丽一中1998年9月至2003年6月在校学生进行调查。     

忻州市人群体重超重肥胖率现状及其对高血压发病率的影响

为了了解忻州市人群超重肥胖率的现状及其对高血压发生的影响，对忻州市18岁以上的居民4212名进行了调查，并对有关问题进行分析讨论。结果显示忻州市人群肥胖率为27．75％。超重肥胖人群的高血压发病率(57．06％)明显高于体重正常人群发病率(27．79％)。认为超重肥胖是忻州市人群高血压发病的主要危险因素。产生超重肥胖的主要原因是饮食结构不合理及体力活动减少。预防肥胖应从胎儿期及婴幼儿期抓起，重要的是改变饮食习惯，适当参加体力活动。     

2008年北京顺义区高血压患病率及相关危险因素分析

随着经济水平和生活水平的提高,尤其是人口城市化、老龄化和生活方式的变化导致城乡居民健康行为和疾病模式也发生了转变,由高血压导致的心脑血管方面的疾病已成为全社会日益严重的公共卫生问题之一。     

2008年北京顺义区高血压患病率及相关危险因素分析

随着经济水平和生活水平的提高,尤其是人口城市化、老龄化和生活方式的变化导致城乡居民健康行为和疾病模式也发生了转变[1], 由高血压导致的心脑血管方面的疾病已成为全社会日益严重的公共卫生问题之一.为了掌握北京市顺义区成人高血压及其相关危险因素的现况,分析相关危险因素对高血压患病率的影响,于2008年11月对辖区18岁以上居民进行了高血压及相关危险因素的抽样调查.现将调查结果分析如下.     

青少年高血压发病因素分析

目的了解青少年高血压的发病因素。方法收集2008年1月-2009年12月共98例青少年高血压患者的临床资料,统计分析其体重指数、家族史、个人史及心理压力。结果 98例中,肥胖症58例,占59.2%;心理压力大20例,占20.4%;家族性高血压18例,占18.4%;不良饮食习惯51例,占52.0%;不良生活嗜好43例,占43.9%。结论青少年高血压的发病因素主要有肥胖症、不良的个人习惯、心理压力大、家族遗传性等。     

加强儿童和青少年超重的预防与治疗

1 引言 超重可导致儿童和青少年的寿命缩短，还可导致2型糖尿病、代谢综合征、胰岛素抵抗的发生，增加心血管以及心理（例如抑郁症）等疾病的患病率。此外，儿童时期的超重还被认为是成人超重的独立危险因素^[1]。在我国，儿童和青少年超重的患病率逐年上升，1985年我国大城市儿童和青少年超重率为1％-2％。上世纪90年代，超重率大幅上升，城市的增幅高于农村。据1995年的统计，大城市男、女超重率比10年前相应增加3倍和2倍。2000年7—18岁年龄组男、女超重的检出率又分别高于1995年^[2]。因此，儿童和青少年的超重已经成为备受关注的公共健康问题，加强对儿童和青少年超重的预防与治疗十分重要。     

国际旅行人员高血压相关因素危险性分析

目的摸清国际旅行人员高血压患病情况，分析其相关因素的危险性大小，找出预防的关键所在。方法按照高血压国际标准，以舒张压为准，经3次测量（间隔20分钟或次日晨再测量）的血压值都高于正常者定为血压升高。对测定的数据作了统计和相关回归分析。结果出境人员男女患病率确实不同；随年龄增长患病率升高；体重与患病率呈明显正相关；身高、心率与患病率正相关；A型血的人患病率高于其他血型的人。由于我们的职业分类不够细致，未作相关分析。结论防止超重并坚持规律性运动对预防高血压十分重要。     

高血压前期患病率及相关因素分析

目的：调查高血压前期患病率及相关因素。方法：对开滦集团有限责任公司唐家庄社区3998名在职和离退休职工进行健康查体，资料完整的人群3884例，无应答率2.9％，其中女1122例，男2762例，年龄20～95岁，平均（58.8±10.2）岁。结果：（1）高血压前期的患病率为28.7％，女性患病率高于男性（33．6％vs26．6％，P〈0．05）；（2）40岁≤年龄≤59岁高血压前期患病率最高（32.5％）；（3）体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FPG）和高敏C-反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、吸烟、锻炼为男性高血压前期有关；腰围（WC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）与女性高血压前期有关。结论：（1）我国北方煤矿工人高血压前期的患病率为28．7％；（2）BMI、FPG、hs—CRP及吸烟为男性高血压前期的危险因素：WC和LDL—C为女性高血压前期的危险因素     

1260例公务员超重肥胖及其与高血脂的相关性分析

目的：了解四川省直机关省厅级公务员超重、肥胖的现状,探讨体重指数、腰围与血脂的关系。方法：2008年对四川省直机关省厅级公务员取样调查1260人测身高,体重,腰围（WC）,血脂,计算体重指数（BMI）,并对男女各组间胆固醇、甘油三酯进行统计学分析。结果：四川省直机关省厅级公务员的男女肥胖率分别为9.1%、7.7%,超重率分别为45.3%、27.8%,肥胖组及超重组甘油三酯明显高于正常组,多元回归分析结果显示男女性甘油三酯与BMI、WC均有明显相关性（P〈0.01）。结论：防治高血脂,控制肥胖及腹型肥胖甚为重要,体重指数、腰围的控制也为防治高血脂的基本措施之一。     

Prevalence and risk factors of excess weight in school children in West Greece

The present study estimated the prevalence of childhood obesity and identified risk factors in 10–13 year old children. A cross‐sectional study was conducted, including 200 children and their parents, in seven randomly‐selected primary schools across Patras, Greece. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured, and self‐reported information was collected via face‐to‐face interviews. Body mass index was calculated for the children and their parents. The effect of risk factors on overweight and obesity was analyzed using regression analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32% and 10.5%, respectively. The odds of being overweight/obese increased in children whose parents had a lower educational level and/or higher body mass index. Fewer daily meals and more time spent in front of the television and/or on the computer were significantly associated with obesity in 10–13 year old children. The prevalence of excess weight in primary school children in Patras is of concern, especially for boys. Children's nutritional habits, leisure activities, and parental characteristics influence their somatometric characteristics. These findings highlight the need for future weight loss interventions targeted at this population.     

Improved assessment of arterial stiffness using corrected cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI0) in overweight adolescents with white-coat and essential hypertension

Arterial stiffness is a marker of vascular damage. Although adiposity increases cardiovascular risk, the relationship between paediatric overweight and arterial stiffness is unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of hypertension and overweight on arterial stiffness using cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and related novel, theoretically blood pressure (BP)-independent, index CAVI₀. CAVI and CAVI₀ were measured in 140 adolescent boys (16.0?±?1.9?years) divided into age-matched groups: normal-weight normotensives, overweight normotensives, overweight white-coat hypertensives, and overweight essential hypertensives. Overweight normotensives had significantly lower CAVI and CAVI₀ compared to normal-weight normotensives (4.81?±?0.64 vs. 5.33?±?0.66, p?<?.01; 7.10?±?0.99 vs. 7.81?±?1.00, p?<?.01, respectively). CAVI and CAVI₀ in overweight essential hypertensives showed no significant difference compared to normal-weight normotensives and were significantly higher compared to overweight normotensives (5.32?±?0.77 vs. 4.81?±?0.64, p?<?.01; 7.77?±?1.19 vs. 7.10?±?0.99, p?<?.01, respectively). CAVI, but not CAVI₀, was associated positively with diastolic pressure (0.022?mmHg^?1, p?=?.002) and negatively with pulse pressure (?0.022?mmHg^?1, p?=?.001), and it was significantly higher in overweight white-coat hypertensives compared to overweight normotensives (5.20?±?0.63 vs. 4.81?±?0.64, p?<?.05). The lowering effect of overweight on arterial stiffness indexed by CAVI and CAVI₀ in hypertensive adolescents seems to counterbalance the early arteriosclerotic effect of essential hypertension. The increase in CAVI, but not CAVI₀, in overweight white-coat hypertensives could be attributable to residual BP dependence of CAVI, which is not present in CAVI₀. Under certain conditions, CAVI₀ may offer a clinically relevant improved assessment of arterial stiffness superior to CAVI.     

Safety and efficacy of sibutramine in overweight Hispanic patients with hypertension

This 6-month randomized study evaluated the safety and efficacy of sibutramine in 57 overweight Hispanic patients with hypertension. Following a 2-week washout to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension, antihypertensive medication was adjusted to achieve a blood pressure less than 140/90 mm Hg before institution of either sibutramine 10 mg or placebo once a day. A body mass index in excess of 27 kg/m² was required for entry. At study end, weight had changed from 75.4±9.6 to 70.0±9.5 kg in the sibutramine group and from 77.9±9.0 to 74.5±9.4 kg in the placebo group. In the sibutramine group, systolic blood pressure was 127.8±5.8 mm Hg after stabilization and 125.2±8.5 mm Hg after completion of the trial; respective values for diastolic blood pressure were 82.4±3.7 and 81.5±4.6 mm Hg. With placebo, blood pressure dropped from 129.0±7.1/80.9±4.9 mm Hg to 122.8±9.7/80.3±5.4 mm Hg at the same timepoints. In the sibutramine group, 14 patients reported 21 adverse events, most frequently headache (n=5), constipation (n=4), and dry mouth (n=4). In the placebo group, 13 patients had 20 adverse events. Sibutramine is safe and effective in overweight Hispanic patients with hypertension, but monitoring of blood pressure and titration of antihypertensive medication are necessary.     

Metabolic syndrome and its related factors among Asian immigrant women in Korea

In this study, we examined the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among Asian immigrant women in Korea based on sociodemographics and health behavior‐related characteristics. The sample included 271 women from the Philippines, China, Vietnam, and other Asian countries through marriage. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and health examination. Among 67 immigrants who had complete data for determination of metabolic syndrome, 1.5% reported having metabolic syndrome, and 44.4% of the entire sample had reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, which is four times higher than their Korean‐born counterparts. After controlling for age, there were significant differences in body mass index, depending on the country of origin, and weight change since immigration. Immigrants who had gained weight since immigration also had higher systolic blood pressure and triglycerides. As well as weight change, immigrants who always consumed high‐fat diets were at risk of higher triglycerides. Immigrants living in urban areas had lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. In order to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome, interventions should be directed toward the prevention of weight gain and lower fat intake after immigrating to Korea.     

Circulating ghrelin levels in obese women: a possible association with hypertension

Objective. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin induces weight gain by stimulating food intake. Ghrelin has been shown to modulate sympathetic activity, to exert vasodilative effects and to counterreact with leptin on both food intake and blood pressure. Of these two hormones, ghrelin levels are decreased in obesity, whereas leptin levels are increased. In this cross‐sectional study, differences in serum ghrelin and leptin levels were examined in normotensive and hypertensive obese women. Material and methods. Sixty‐one normotensive and hypertensive women were classified according to the body mass indices as follows: (a) 18 healthy subjects with BMI 21.5–27.5?kg/m²; (b) 22 normotensive subjects with BMI 30–47?kg/m²; (c) 21 hypertensive obese subjects (BMI 30–48?kg/m²) with systolic blood pressure ?140?mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ?90?mmHg. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure were recorded. The levels of ghrelin and leptin were determined in sera using the commercial ELISA kits. Results. In normotensive obese subjects, ghrelin levels were significantly lower than in controls (0.21±0.13 vs 0.60±0.3?ng/mL), whereas hypertensive obese women had elevated ghrelin levels (0.64±0.36?ng/mL). Ghrelin concentration was decreased despite the presence of hypertension in the patients who had BMIs above 35?kg/m². Leptin levels were significantly higher in both normotensive and hypertensive obese groups (19.54±11.19 and 21.61±12.7?ng/mL, respectively) than in controls (7.61±3.3?ng/mL), and were not affected by the presence of hypertension in obese subjects. Conclusion. Ghrelin was positively associated with hypertension in obese women and this association was inversely influenced by the increase of BMI.     

首钢水钢员工体质量指数、腰围与血压、高血压患病率的关系

目的 探讨首钢水钢员工体质量指数(body mass index,BMI),腰围与血压、高血压患病率的关系.方法 对2496名首钢水钢员工采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法进行调查.同时对2496名首钢水钢员工进行体格检查,包括:测量血压(SBP、DBP)、身高、体质量及腰围.结果 2496名员工中,BMI(23.18±3.34)kg · m-2,超重与肥胖占38.22%(954/2 496),腹型肥胖占36.26% (905/2 496),腰围(80.37±10.02)cm.男性BMI为<18,≥ 18～<24,≥24～<28,≥28 kg·m-2高血压患病率均明显高于女性(P<0.05),男性腰围为<75,)75～<85,≥85 cm高血压患病率均明显高于女性(P<0.05).男性BMI<24 kg·m-2,腰围<85 cm,BMI<24 kg·m-2、腰围≥85 cm,BMI 24～27.9 kg " m-z、腰围<85 cm,BMI 24～27.9 kg·M-2,腰围)85 cm,BMI>,28 kg·M-2,腰围≥85 cm高血压患病率均明显高于女性BMI< 24 kg·m-2,腰围<80 cm,BMI< 24 kg·M-2,腰围≥80 cm,BMI24～27.9 kg·M-2,腰围<80 cm,BMI 24～27.9 kg·m-2,腰围≥80 cm,BMI>,28 kg·m-2、腰围≥80 cm(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 首钢水钢员工中男性高血压患病率显著高于女性,控制BMI和腰围有利于高血压的防控.