子宫内膜癌中uPA、P-P38和VEGF的表达及意义

目的检测子宫内膜癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)、磷酸化的P38(P-P38)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达并探讨其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测60例子宫内膜癌、32例正常子宫内膜组织中uPA、P-P38和VEGF的表达。结果子宫内膜癌组织中uPA、P-P38和VEGF分别表达定位于细胞核、细胞核和细胞膜,其表达明显高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05),三者的表达与肌层浸润程度、淋巴结转移、组织学分级及病理分期有关(P<0.05),三者之间两两比较表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 uPA、P-P38和VEGF在子宫内膜癌组织呈高表达,且与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展和转移密切相关。     

胃癌组织Maspin,uPA,MMP-7表达的意义

目的:观察胃癌及正常胃黏膜Maspin,uPA, MMP-7表达的意义．方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测胃管状腺癌30 例,胃印戒细胞癌30例,正常胃黏膜组织20例中Maspin,uPA,MMP-7的表达情况．结果:在胃管状腺癌中Maspin,uPA,MMP-7 阳性表达率分别为50％,70％和80％;胃印戒细胞癌中阳性表达率分别为46．7％,76．7％和 90％;正常胃黏膜组织中阳性表达率分别为 90％,35％和30％．Maspin的表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移相关,而与肿块的大小和TNM分期无关．uPA和MMP-7的表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期相关,而与肿块的大小无关．Maspin的表达与uPA和MMP-7的表达呈负相关(P=0．012,r=-0．322;P=0．008,r= -0．341);uPA的表达与MMP-7的表达呈正相关 (P=0．034,r=0．274)．结论:Maspin在胃癌中表达下调,uPA和 MMP-7在胃癌中过表达,他们在胃癌的浸润转移中起重要作用,可作为反应胃癌病理生物学行为的有效指标．     

宫颈鳞癌组织中uPA、uPAR的表达变化及意义

目的检测宫颈鳞癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）及其受体（uPAR）的表达,并探讨其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法分别检测正常宫颈组织、宫颈非典型增生组织及宫颈癌组织中的uPA、uPAR。结果uPA、uPAR的表达程度宫颈癌组织高于非典型增生宫颈组织,非典型增生宫颈组织高于正常宫颈组织（P均〈0．05）。宫颈癌组织中uPA、uPAR表达程度与临床分期和淋巴结转移有关（P均〈0．05）。结论宫颈癌组织中uPA、uPAR表达升高。其可能与宫颈癌的发生、发展、浸润、转移有关。     

肝细胞癌癌组织中uPA及其受体的表达及意义

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)的发生机制.方法 通过组织芯片及免疫组化法测定HCC癌组织中uPA及其受体(uPAR)的表达,并与肝硬化及正常肝组织比较. 结果 uPA在HCC、肝硬化、正常肝组织中的阳性表达率分别为74.0%、46.7%、20%,两两比较,P均＜0.05;随HCC分期进展及肿瘤直径增大,uPA表达阳性率逐渐升高.uPAR在HCC、肝硬化、正常肝组织中的阳性表达率分别为70.0%、63.3%、15.0%,与正常肝组织比较,P均＜0.05;uPAR阳性表达率随HCC分期进展表达逐渐上升,与肿瘤直径无密切关系.相关分析示,uPA和uPAR具有明显相关性.结论 HCC发生和发展是多因素共同作用的结果,其机制可能为uPA及uPAR高表达.     

肝硬化患者血浆中尿激酶型纤溶酶激活物的检测及其意义

目的 探讨肝硬化患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶激活物(uPA)、尿激酶型纤溶酶激活物受体(uPAR)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)的变化及其意义。 方法 确诊的72例乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者,Child-pugh分级A级23例(A组),B级29例(B组),C级20例(C组)。6例健康志愿献血者为正常对照组。酶联免疫吸附实验测定血浆uPA、uPAR、PAI-1的变化。并同时检测血透明质酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原(C Ⅳ)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PC Ⅲ)、血浆白蛋白、胆红素、凝血酶原时间及其活动度改变。 结果 随着肝硬化的进展,血浆uPA、uPAR、PAI-1逐渐增加,HA、PC Ⅲ也明显增加。Child C组患者血浆uPA、uPAR、PAI-1水平(μg/L)分别为1.88±0.64、4.82±2.02和52.60±16.87,A组分别为1.36±0.43、3.03±1.48和24.09±7.14,B组分别为1.79±0.62、4.80±2.22和41.40±17.52,C组与A、B组比较,t值为2.81～7.38,P值均<0.01。A组血浆uPA与PC Ⅲ呈负相关(r=-0.4785,P<0.05);C组PAI-1与HA呈正相关(r=0.5447,P<0.01)。 结论 肝硬化晚期,虽然血浆uPA、PAI-1增加,但总的效应表现为uPA相对不足,肝基质纤维降解受抑制,血浆uPA、PAI-1与肝硬化发展密切相关。     

宫颈癌组织中Survivin、uPA的表达及意义

目的探讨Survivin、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)在宫颈癌发生、发展中的作用。方法选择我院手术切除的宫颈癌组织标本47份(肿瘤组)、宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)标本35份(瘤变组),正常宫颈组织21份(正常组),采用免疫组化SP法检测各组Survivin、uPA的表达,分析两者表达的相关性及与宫颈癌临床病理参数的相关性。结果肿瘤组、瘤变组Survivin、uPA阳性率均明显高于正常组,肿瘤组明显高于瘤变组(P均<0.05);Survivin、uPA阳性表达均与宫颈癌临床分期、组织分化程度、有无淋巴结转移相关,宫颈癌组织中两者表达呈正相关。结论 Survivin、uPA在宫颈癌发生、发展中起重要作用。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂受体的表达对肝癌细胞株体外侵袭迁移的影响

目的观察尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂受体(uPAR)的表达对肝癌细胞体外侵袭迁移能力的影响。方法通过Boyden小室肿瘤细胞体外侵袭实验检测肝癌细胞株Hep-3B及SMMC-7721体外侵袭迁移能力,用流式细胞术检测Hep-3B及SMMC-7721的uPAR,通过流式细胞分选技术从具有较强转移能力的SMMC-7721中分选出uPAR+细胞株和uPAR-细胞株,通过Boyden小室检测uPAR+组和uPAR-组SMMC-7721细胞的体外侵袭迁移能力。结果 SMMC-7721体外侵袭迁移能力明显强于Hep-3B(P<0.01);SMMC-7721中uPAR+细胞株占45.5%,Hep-3B中uPAR+细胞株占0.05%,两者相比,P<0.01;从SMMC-7721中分选出的uPAR+组和uPAR-组细胞纯度分别为90%和97%,uPAR+组细胞的体外侵袭迁移能力较uPAR-组细胞明显增强(P<0.01)。结论 uPAR的表达不但和肝癌细胞的体外侵袭迁移能力密切相关,且可能赋予了肝癌细胞强大的侵袭迁移能力。     

uPA、uPAR和uPA／uPAR与肝癌发生的研究进展

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（urokinase type plasminogen activator,uPA）及其特异性受体（urokinase type plasminogen activatorreceptor,uPAR）介导纤维蛋白溶解系统在肿瘤的浸润和转移中发挥重要作用。近年研究表明,uPA、uPAR不仅在肿瘤的浸润和转移中发挥重要作用,而且与肝硬化纤维化进程中恶变趋势及肝的出凝血系统有关,已经成为肝癌研究中的新热点。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂及其受体与胃癌关系的研究进展

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)及其受体(uPAR)是纤溶系统的重要组成部分,主要通过激活纤溶酶降解细胞外基质,促进肿瘤的浸润与转移。此文就它们与胃癌之间的关系及在临床中的应用作一综述,旨在为胃癌的诊断和治疗提供新方法、开辟新途径。     

侵袭转移相关因子在胃肠道间质瘤中的检测及其意义

目的:研究uPA、MMP-2、MMP-9、TGF-β1等侵袭转移相关因子在胃肠道间质瘤(GISTs)中的表达及其临床病理意义.方法:应用RT-PCR及Western blot法检测uPA、MMP-2、MMP-9、TGF-β1在124例GISTs中的表达.结果:在GISTs中,随着NIH分级增高,uPA、MMP-2、MMP-9、TGF-β1的mRNA表达水平上调,低、中、高危组有明显差异(P<0.05或0.01),其阳性表达率与性别、年龄、组织学类型无关,与肿瘤侵袭转移和黏膜受侵关系密切;四者的蛋白表达水平与mRNA表达一致;uPA与TGF-β1蛋白阳性表达之间呈显著正相关(r=0.356)、UPA与MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白阳性表达之间亦呈显著正相关(r=0.323,0.346).结论:TGF-β1、uPA、MMP-2及MMP-9参与了GISTs的浸润和转移;TGF-β1可能通过上调uPA,激活MMP-2及MMP-9,进而降解细胞外基质.     

Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in gastric cancer

In gastric cancer, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system plays important roles in invasion and metastasis, processes which entail proteolysis and adhesion. Both the urokinasetype plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are thought to be important factors in this system. To clarify the relationship between these two factors and gastric cancer invasiveness, we evaluated the expression of uPAR and PAI-1 in 91 cases of gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-mRNA, PAI-1-mRNA, uPAR and PAI-1 protein were diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells and concentrated at invasive foci. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor protein expression correlated with lymphatic, venous invasion (P<.01) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05); uPAR-mRNA expression correlated with lymphatic, venous invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein expression correlated with lymphatic, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion (P<0.01); PAI-1-mRNA expression was linked to lymphatic, venous invasion (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion (P<0.05). This suggests that the proteolytic activity of uPAR and the cellular motility of PAI-1 in gastric cancer cells may determine penetration of lymphatic and blood vessels, whereby lymph node metastasis may be promoted and that the promotion of cellular motility by PAI-1 may influence the depth of cancer invasion.     

Correlative studies on uPA mRNA and uPAR mRNA expression with vascular endothelial growth factor, microvessel density, progression and survival time of patients with gastric cancer

AIM: TO investigate the correlations between the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) mRNA, uPA receptor (uPAR) mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein and clinicopathologic features, microvessel density (MVD) and survival time. METHODS: In situ hybridization and immuno-histochemistry techniques were used to study the expressions of uPA mRNA, uPAR mRNA, VEGF and CD34 protein in 105 gastric carcinoma specimens. RESULTS: Expressions of uPA mRNA, uPAR mRNA and VEGF protein were observed in 61 (58.1%) cases, 70 (66.7%) cases and 67 (63.8%) cases, respectively. The uPA mRNA and uPAR mRNA positive expression rates in infiltrating-type cases (73.7%, 75.4%), stageⅢ-Ⅳ(72.1%, 75.4%), vessel invasion (63.2%, 69.9%), lymphatic metastasis (67.1%, 74.4%) and distant metastasis (88.1%, 85.7%) were significantly higher than those of the expanding-type (X2= 15.57, P= 0.001; X2=6.91, P=0.046), stageⅠ-Ⅱ(X2 = 19.22, P = 0.001; X2= 16.75, P= 0.001), non-vessel invasion (X2 = 11.92, P = 0.006; X2 = 14.15, P = 0.002), non-lymphatic metastasis (X2 = 28.41, P = 0.001; X2= 22.5, P=0.005) and non-distant metastasis (X2 = 12.32, P= 0.004; X2= 17.42, P = 0.002; X2 = 11.25, P = 0.012; X2 = 18.12, P = 0.002).The VEGF positive expression rates in infiltrating-type cases (75.4%), stageⅢ-Ⅳ(88.5%), vessel invasion (82.9%), lymphatic metastasis (84.3%) and distant metastasis (95.2%) were significantly higher than those of the expanding-type (X2 = 9.61, P = 0.021), stage I-II (X2=16.66, P = 0.001), non-vessel invasion (X2= 29.38, P = 0.001), non-lymphatic metastasis (X2 = 18.68, P = 0.005), and non-distant metastasis (X2= 22.72, P = 0.007; X2 = 21.62, P = 0.004). The mean MVD in the specimens positive for the uPA mRNA, uPAR mRNA and VEGF protein was markedly higher than those with negative expression groups. Moreover, a positive relation between MVD and uPA mRNA (rs = 0.199, P = 0.042), uPAR mRNA (rs = 0.278, P = 0.035), and VEGF (rs = 0.398, P = 0.048) expressions was observed. The mean survival time in cases with positive uPA mRNA, uPAR mRNA and VEGF protein expression or MVD value≥54.9 was significantly shorter than those in cases with negative expression or MVD value < 54.9. CONCLUSION: uPA and uPAR expressions are correlated with enhanced VEGF-induced tumor angiogenesis and may play a role in invasion and nodal metastasis of gastric carcinoma, thereby serving as prognostic markers of gastric cancer.     

胰腺癌组织中血管内皮生长因子mRNA与尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物mRNA定量表达的临床意义分析

目的探讨胰腺癌组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)mRNA、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)mRNA定量表达的临床意义。方法自2008年1月至2011年12月于本科行胰头癌根治术的患者中筛选出经病理证实为导管腺癌的30例患者的完整资料,采用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测其胰腺癌组织及6例正常胰腺组织中VEGF mRNA、uPA mRNA定量表达,分析其与临床病理因素之间的关系。结果 VEGF mRNA、uPA mRNA的表达与胰腺癌的组织分化程度、神经侵犯有关。VEGF mRNA在淋巴结转移阳性组中的定量表达高于淋巴结转移阴性组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=20.007,P=0.000);uPA mRNA在直径≤2 cm的肿瘤组织中定量水平小于直径2 cm的肿瘤组织,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=7.539,P=0.000)。uPA mRNA在伴有十二指肠侵犯组中的定量表达高于无十二指肠侵犯组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=-2.089,P=0.037)。uPA mRNA在Ⅲ期肿瘤组织中的定量表达高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期肿瘤组织中的定量表达,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=-9.450,P=0.000)。VEGF mRNA与uPA mRNA的表达存在正相关(r=0.334,P=0.000)。结论 VEGF mRNA、uPA mRNA在胰腺癌组织中过度表达可为肿瘤细胞的侵润创造条件。     

Clinical significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator activity in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The plasminogen activation system plays a crucial role in the process of cancer invasion and metastasis. To evaluate the most effective factor in the invasion, metastasis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we examined urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, PAI-2 and uPA activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in HCC tissues obtained from 46 patients. The results were compared with the patients' clinicopathological features and prognoses. RESULTS: Of the clinicopathological features, only histological portal involvement or intrahepatic metastasis, or both (INV), was significantly correlated to the disease-free survival rates (DFS; P < 0.05). The levels of uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 antigens were significantly associated with INV and histological grade. The DFS was not different, however, between cases with uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 values above and below the median. The high levels of uPA activity were closely related to INV (P < 0.001), and the activity gradually raised histological grades (P < 0.0001). The DFS was significantly different between patients with uPA activity below and above the median (0.70 ng/mL; P = 0.0092); it was also significantly different between such patients without INV (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator activity may be the most sensitive factor affecting HCC invasion in the plasminogen activation system and a strong predictor for the recurrence of HCC. We suggest that cases with uPA activity of more than 0.70 ng/mL should be carefully followed up for possible HCC recurrence.     

Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor in gastric fibroblasts and effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and prostaglandin

In acute inflammatory condition, little is known about the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) in the gastric fibroblasts. To clarify the role of human gastric fibroblasts in acute inflammatory conditions such as gastric ulcer, the effects of interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on the expression of uPA and uPAR, which were suggested to be associated with tissue remodeling, in gastric fibroblasts were investigated. The expression level of uPA mRNA and the amount of uPA antigen increased significantly on treatment with each concentration of IL-1beta (1 and 10 ng/ml) and 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha. On the other hand, the amounts of uPA antigen on cell surfaces were not affected significantly by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha stimulation. The expression level of uPAR mRNA increased in a dose-dependent manner on IL-1beta stimulation. The effect of indomethacin on uPA and uPAR expression in these cells was also examined. When gastric fibroblasts were treated with 50 microM indomethacin, the expression level of uPA mRNA decreased significantly, and the amount of uPA antigen in the culture medium and on cell surfaces decreased significantly with indomethacin in a dose-dependent manner. The increased uPAR mRNA expression caused by IL-1beta was reduced to the basal level by treatment with 50 microM indomethacin. Furthermore, we investigated the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is suggested to play major roles in acute inflammation of the stomatch, on uPA and uPAR expression in gastric fibroblasts. The expression level of uPAR mRNA and the amount of uPA antigen on cell surfaces increased in a dose-dependent manner on treatment with PGE2 (10 and 50 ng/ml). These results suggest that uPA and uPAR expression in gastric fibroblasts is involved in the regulating system of PGE2 and that NSAIDs may delay healing of gastric mucosal injury in part through suppressing uPA production via inhibition of endogenous PG production.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor and microvascular density in esophageal and gastric carcinomas

AIM: To observe the relationship between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvascular density (MVD) and the pathological characteristics of esophageal and gastric carcinomas. METHODS: S-P immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the expression of VEGF in all the specimens. The antibody against factor VⅢ-related antigen was used to display vascular end othelial cells, and MVD was examined by counting the factor VⅢ-positive vascular endothelial cells. RESULTS: The positive rates of VEGF expression in esophageal carcinoma and gastric carcinoma were 81.36 % and 67.5 % resbectbely, and the MVD averaged 41.81&#177;8.44 and 34.36&#177;9.67 respectively, which were higher than those in benign diseases. The expression of VEGF and MVD were closely correlated with the degree of differentiation, Iyrnphatic metastasis, but not related to depth of cancer invasion. In early stage gastric carcinoma, the rate of expression of VEGF and MVD was lower than that in progressive gastric carcinomas.CONCLUSION: The expression of VEGF is correlated with tumor angiogenesis, and VEGF plays an important role in new blood vessels formation, the expression of VEGF and MVD play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis.MVD and the expression of VEGF may be two important indexes for patients‘‘ prognosis.     

Stromal expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is associated with invasive growth in primary liver cancer

Abstract: Aims/Background: Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) was studied in 25 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and seven cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs) by immunohistochemistry. Methods and Results: uPAR was expressed mostly by host cells distributed along the tumour-host interface in all cases of HCC and CCC, and its expression was higher in CCC. These uPAR-positive cells were identified as macrophages by observation of serial sections stained for CD68, a marker for macrophages. Cancer cells were positive for uPAR in only one case of poorly differentiated HCC with sarcomatous changes and in three cases of CCC. Hepatocellular carcinomas were classified into two types: those with a fibrous capsule (expansive type) and those without a fibrous capsule (invasive type). Invasive-type HCCs showed more prominent expression of uPAR by macrophages than expansive HCCs (p<0.001), to approximately the same degree as that of CCC. Extrahepatic metastasis was observed in two of 16 expansive HCCs, five of nine invasive HCCs and six of seven CCCs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that uPAR expression mainly by macrophages is associated with invasive growth of cancer cells into the surrounding tissue in primary carcinoma of the liver.