人精液白细胞密度与活性氧和尿酸的关系研究

目的:探讨白细胞精子症不育患者精液中白细胞(WBC)密度与活性氧(ROS)和尿酸(UA)之间的关系。方法:依据WHO诊断标准,选择白细胞精子症不育者45例,非白细胞精子症不育者35例,生育者30例,采用过氧化物酶染色法进行精液WBC密度计数;用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)显色法测定丙二醛(MDA)值;采用尿酸酶-过氧化物酶偶联法测定UA含量。结果:白细胞精子症组精液MDA值[(20.795±8.132)μmol/L]、WBC计数[(1.785±0.686)×109/L]显著高于生育组MDA值[(8.415±3.673)μmol/L]、WBC计数[(0.038±0.024)×109/L],而UA含量[(146.9±67.1)μmol/L]低于生育组UA含量[(398.6±52.3)μmol/L](P<0.01)。结论:白细胞精子症不育患者精液ROS产生增多,致抗氧化物UA含量下降,使精子中毒受损。提示临床在治疗时应加用抗氧化药物,可提高疗效。     

精液抗氧化物尿酸与生殖细胞凋亡的关系

目的探讨人精液抗氧化物尿酸与生殖细胞凋亡的关系。方法参照WHO标准方法,进行精液常规分析,按精子密度(×109/L)、活动率(%)不同分为4个组(正常、<20、20~40、>40)。采用尿酸酶—过氧化物酶偶联法检测精液尿酸含量。用脱氧核苷酸末端转移酶(T dT)介导的缺口末端标记(TUNEL)和瑞-姬染色法,分别检测和观察生殖细胞的凋亡。结果75例不育者精液尿酸含量和生殖细胞的凋亡率分别为163.37±57.15μm o l/L和(16.38±1.25)%,与正常生育组397.60±52.1μm o l/L、(4.61±1.23)%比较呈显著性差异(P<0.01)。精子密度和活动率随精液尿酸含量减少而降低,生殖细胞凋亡率随之上升(P<0.01)。不育组精液尿酸含量与生殖细胞的凋亡率呈显著性负相关(r=0.93,P<0.05)。凋亡的生殖细胞体积缩小,核染色质致密,凝聚在核周围形成新月形,或核裂解形成凋亡小体。结论精液尿酸含量与生殖细胞的凋亡有着密切关系。精液低尿酸含量时睾丸生殖细胞凋亡率高,精子密度和活率下降致男性不育。     

精液中一氧化氮含量与精子凋亡关系的初探

目的研究精液中一氧化氮(NO)含量对精子凋亡的影响及其与男性不育之间的相关性,寻找治疗男性不育的有效途径。方法依据世界卫生组织(WHO)标准进行精液常规检测。应用硝酸还原酶法测定不育组和对照组精液中NO的含量。应用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)介导的原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测精子凋亡情况,观察不育组精子凋亡的形态结构改变,统计2组间精子凋亡率。结果不育组精液中NO含量[(58.37±14.14)μmol/L]高于对照组[(35.20±8.23)μmol/L](P<0.01);对照组精子凋亡率为9.67%±2.54%,低于不育组精子凋亡率33.98%±10.54%(P<0.01)。将不育组分为弱精组、少精组和畸形精子组,以畸形精子组NO含量最高,凋亡率也为最高,弱精组及少精组次之。结论不育组高浓度NO和精子凋亡率呈正相关,随着NO浓度增高,精子凋亡率增加。精液中高浓度NO可能是男性生育力下降的原因之一。     

精液白细胞浓度与精浆尿酸及锌的相关性研究

目的探讨白细胞精子症不育患者白细胞（WBC）浓度与精浆尿酸（UA）、锌（Zn）含量的关系。方法选取白细胞精子症不育患者108例,非白细胞精子症不育患者72例,健康对照组22例。采用过氧化物酶法进行精液WBC浓度计数,用日立7170S全自动生化分析仪检测精浆中UA及zn含量。结果白细胞精子症患者精浆UA及zn含量显著低于非精子症患者组及健康对照组,精液中WBC浓度与精浆UA、Zn含量呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论白细胞精子症患者精液中WBC产生的过多氧自由基可能是导致精浆UA、Zn含量降低的原因之一。     

降钙素原和白细胞在儿童感染中的监测分析

目的评价血清降钙素原(PCT)与白细胞(W BC)在儿童感染性疾病中的监测作用。方法333例患儿感染性疾病住院患者,分为病毒感染组和细菌感染组,再将细菌感染组分为革兰阳性菌(G )组和革兰阴性菌(G-)组。采用半定量固相免疫测定法测定血清中的PCT,采用CD 1700全自动血细胞分析仪测定患者W BC。结果以血清PCT≥0.5μg/L为阳性标准,细菌感染组76例PCT检测中,有20例结果小于0.5μg/L,病毒感染组257例PCT检测中,有180例结果小于0.5μg/L(P<0.01);细菌感染组W BC均值为10.91±2.86(×109/L),病毒感染组W BC均值为5.58±1.32(×109/L)(P<0.01)。G 菌组42例PCT检测中,有5例结果小于0.5μg/L,G-菌组34例PCT检测中,有15例结果小于0.5μg/L(P<0.01);G 菌组W BC均值为13.61±2.85(×109/L),G-菌组W BC均值为9.21±2.16(×109/L)(P<0.01)。结论PCT与W BC的测定,都可用于感染性疾病细菌感染与病毒感染的鉴别诊断。     

肝糖原累积症并发糖尿病1例分析

对我院肝糖原累积症并发糖尿病1例分析如下。1病历摘要男,15岁。因肝脏肿大,发育迟缓7 a于2008-07-26入院。入院查体:T 36.4℃,P 82次/m in,R 18次/m in,BP 110/70mm Hg,W 21 kg,身高1.05 m。神清,无出血点及瘀斑,瘀点,未见肝掌及蜘蛛痣。浅表淋巴结未触及,巩膜无黄染,颈软,心肺无明显异常,腹膨隆,可见轻度腹壁静脉曲张,腹肌软,无压痛,脾肋下未触及,肝浊音不缩小,肝区叩痛,移动性浊音阴性,双下肢无水肿。B超示:肝肿大,胆、胰、脾声像图未见明显异常。病程中患者精神差,睡眠一般。血常规:W BC 3.12×109/L、NEU0.479×109/L、RBC 3.41×1012/L、Hb 107 g/L、PLT 306×109/L;肝肾功能:UREA 2.84 mm o l/L、CRE 47.9μm o l/L、UA132.5μm o l/L、GLU 2.27 mm o l/L、ALB 38.5 g/L、GLB 19.2g/L、T-B IL 9.62μm o l/L、I-B IL 6.14μm o l/L、ALT 719.3 U/L、A ST 2 613.4 ...     

精液中一氧化氮含量与精子凋亡关系的初探

目的研究精液中一氧化氮（NO）含量对精子凋亡的影响及其与男性不育之间的相关性,寻找治疗男性不育的有效途径。方法依据世界卫生组织（WHO）标准进行精液常规检测。应用硝酸还原酶法测定不育组和对照组精液中NO的含量。应用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶（TdT）介导的原位末端标记（TUNEL）法检测精子凋亡情况,观察不育组精子凋亡的形态结构改变,统计2组间精子凋亡率。结果不育组精液中NO含量[（58．37±14．14）μmol/L]高于对照组[（35．20±8．23）μmol／L]（P〈0．01）;对照组精子凋亡率为9．67％±2．54％,低于不育组精子凋亡率33．98％±10．54％（P〈0．01）。将不育组分为弱精组、少精组和畸形精子组,以畸形精子组NO含量最高,凋亡率也为最高,弱精组及少精组次之。结论不育组高浓度NO和精子凋亡率呈正相关,随着NO浓度增高,精子凋亡率增加。精液中高浓度NO可能是男性生育力下降的原因之一。     

男性不育患者AsAb及精液中No水平与Na~+-K~+-ATP酶检测的临床评价

目的探讨抗精子抗体(AsAb)及精液中一氧化氮(NO)水平Na+-K+-ATP酶活性与男性不育的关系。方法分别采用ELISA法、硝酸还原酶法、钼蓝分光光度法测定132名男性不育患者及56名正常生育男性血清AsAb(IgGI、gM、IgA),精液中NO水平及Na+-K+-ATP酶活性。结果男性不育组AsAb阳性率37.12%,显著高于正常生育组3.57%(P<0.0 1);男性不育组精液中N0水平151.6±29.7μmol/L,显著高于正常生育组78.9±23.5μmol/L(P<0.01);男性不育组精液中Na+-K+-ATP酶活性为24.42±8.47μmol Pi/mg(Prot).h-1,显著低于正常生育组46.63±9.41μmolPi/mg(Prot).h-1(P<0.05)。结论血清AsAb是男性不育的确诊指标之一,精液中高水平NO与低Na+-K+-ATP酶活性可能是导致男性不育的原因之一。     

流式细胞术在白细胞精子症精子质量评估中的应用

目的 研究流式细胞术在白细胞精子症患者精子功能评估中的作用.方法 选择73例白细胞精子症患者和10例正常生育男性的精液标本进行精液常规分析,对精子质膜完整性和线粒体膜电位进行流式细胞术分析,并将结果通过SAS软件进行统计学处理.结果 白细胞精子症患者与正常生育男性相比精子除具有密度低(42.74±31.62,77.60±49.85,P<0.001)、活动率差(41.72±20.83,70.75±22.46,P<0.001)、畸形率高(35.64±13.95,8.76±1.92,P<0.001)等特点外,经流式细胞术测定精子质膜完整率降低(50.17±20.23,96.73±18.15,P<0.001),线粒体膜电位异常率升高(51.62±25.37,20.73±10.75,P<0.001).白细胞精子症患者精液白细胞数与精子密度呈负相关(r=-0.65,P<0.001),与精子活动率呈负相关(r=-0.78,P<0.001),与精子质膜完整性呈负相关(r=-0.82,P<0.001),与精子MMP异常率呈正相关(r=0.65,P<0.001),同时精子质膜完整性与精子活动率呈正相关(r=0.67,P<0.001),精子MMP异常率与精子畸形率呈正相关(r=0.71,P<0.001).结论 流式细胞术在白细胞精子症患者精子质量评估中意义显著,对男性不育的诊断和治疗具有重要的参考价值.     

表现为类白血病样反应的肾癌肝转移1例分析

对表现为类白血病样反应肾癌肝转移1例分析如下。1病历摘要男,68岁。因腰痛,食欲减退,消瘦20 d余,于2005-08-14入院。患者于8个月前因血尿住院,出院诊断为特发性血尿。入院后查体:T 36.9℃,P 80次/m in,R 20次/m in,BP 130/80mm Hg。神志清楚,消瘦,一般情况差,浅表淋巴结未触及。心肺无明显异常。腹软,无压痛,肝脾未触及,墨菲氏征阴性。双肾区叩痛阳性,第五腰椎压痛阳性。双下肢无水肿。实验检查:Hb155 g/L,W BC 28×109/L,多核0.78,杆状0.02,M 0.02,L0.08,PLT 160×109/L;尿蛋白(±)粪常规:糊状软便,潜血阴性;ESR 67 mm/h,BUN 8.3 mm o l/L(参考值1.7~8.3 mm o l/L),C r 91μm o l/L(参考值44~105μm o l/L);肝功,血糖,血脂,血K+、N a+、C l-,抗“O,”LDH,蛋白电泳,血尿酸,AKP均正常。尿本周氏蛋白阴性,甲胎蛋白阴性,γ-谷氨酰转肽酶140 U/L(参考值0~50 U/L)乙肝两对半阴性。心电图:窦性心律,ST段轻度异常。胸、腹平片未...     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.