含二氮嗪停搏液对缺血再灌注心肌能量代谢保护作用研究

目的观察线粒体内膜三磷酸腺苷敏感钾离子通道开放剂二氮嗪加入停搏液内对缺血再灌注大鼠心肌能量代谢的保护作用.方法 50只大鼠随机分为五组,每组10只,取离体心脏;A组取正常心肌,其余制备离体工作心脏灌注模型;B组停灌30 min,复灌60 min;其余三组分别灌注不同的停搏液,C组灌注停搏液,D组灌注含二氮嗪的停搏液,E组灌注含二氮嗪停搏液之前10 min给予格列苯脲,各组复灌30 min后进行工作模式心脏灌注,监测心率、左室收缩峰压和舒张末压.实验终了取心肌,提取线粒体,测定细胞色素氧化酶活性、线粒体H -三磷酸腺苷酶活性;高效液相法测定心肌含量.结果缺血再灌注心肌线粒体细胞色素氧化酶活性和线粒体H -三磷酸腺苷酶活性降低(P＜0.05);而二氮嗪处理组相应指标显著改善(P＜0.01).结论含二氮嗪停搏液能够改善缺血再灌注心肌功能,能量代谢恢复.     

低pH液复灌对兔缺血再灌注心肌内质网应激与细胞凋亡的影响研究

目的 探讨体外循环(CPB)下再灌注初短暂低pH液复灌对兔缺血再灌注(I/R)心肌内质网应激(ERS)与细胞凋亡的影响.方法 健康成年新西兰大白兔24只,雌雄不拘,体重2.5～3.0kg,随机分为4组(n=6).对照组(C组)不阻断主动脉,单纯转机3h;其余各组心脏停搏缺血40min,再灌注2h.pH7.4组与pH6....     

糖尿病对大鼠心肌缺血预处理保护作用的影响

目的 探讨糖尿病对缺血预适应(IPC)在大鼠缺血再灌注心肌保护作用中的影响.方法 取糖尿病SD大鼠及非糖尿病SD大鼠各30只,分为非糖尿病对照组(A组)、非糖尿病缺血再灌注组(B组)、非糖尿病IPC组(C组)、糖尿病对照组(D组)、糖尿病缺血再灌注组(E组)、糖尿病IPC组(F组),每组10只.动物处死后建立离体心脏Langendorff灌注模型.对照组采用全心灌流90min,余不做任何处理;缺血再灌注组采用心脏平衡灌流30min后,缺血30min,再复灌30min;IPC组采用心脏平衡灌流10min,经2次缺血5min再灌注5rnin后,缺血30min,再复灌30min.比较各组复灌30min后心排血量(CO)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室内压最大上升和下降速率(±dp/dtmax)的恢复率,检测缺血前及复灌30rain后冠脉流出液中肌酸激酶(CK)的活性和心肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量,并计算心肌含水率.结果 与非糖尿病缺血再灌注组比较,非糖尿病IPC组CK活性、MDA含量、心肌含水率均明显降低,SOD含量明显增加,CO、LVDP、 dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax恢复率明显增加(P<0.05).而糖尿病IFC组与糖尿病缺血再灌注组比较上述变化均不明显(P>0.05).结论 糖尿病可抑制IPC对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用.     

体外循环中猫心肌细胞膜微粘度的变化

应用荧光偏振法观察中度代温体外循环冷晶体停搏液间断顺灌和冷血停搏液持续顺灌组,常温ＣＰＢ温血停搏液持续顺灌组猫心肌细胞膜微粘度η的变化。结果表明,主动脉阻断期间和再灌注早期,各组η均显著增大,心肌细胞膜流动性显著减小;其中Ｂ组改变最大,Ｄ组最小且再灌注后期恢复最快。     

腺苷在复杂先心病直视手术中心肌保护作用的临床观察

目的观察腺苷在复杂先心病直视手术中的心肌保护效果。方法 40例复杂先心病直视手术患者随机分为两组,每组20例,分别为对照组（含血心脏停搏液）、实验组（含血心脏停搏液中加入外源性腺苷）。测定围术期血浆肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTn-Ⅰ）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平。临床观察心脏停跳时间、自动复跳率、术后正性肌力药物的用量、术后机械通气时间、ICU滞留时间。结果对照组心脏停搏时间明显长于实验组。主动脉开放后对照组CK-MB及cTn-Ⅰ高于实验组（P〈0.05）。结论腺苷可减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤,能显著提高心肌保护效果。     

离体鼠心脏短暂缺血后再灌注时脂肪酸代谢的变化

目的研究缺血再灌注心脏脂肪酸代谢变化及葡萄糖对其的影响。方法３２只大鼠经麻醉后摘除心脏，并接到Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ灌注装置上。将离体心脏分成正常组和缺血再灌注组，每组分成２个亚组，即Ｋｒｅｂ灌注液组及Ｋｒｅｂ灌注液加葡萄糖组。在离体心脏的主动脉注入１３１Ｉ十六烷脂肪酸（ＨＡ），并记录心脏的时间放射性曲线。结果正常组离体心脏，灌注液中存在葡萄糖时，脂肪酸代谢清除速率减慢，仅为灌注液中无葡萄糖组的２０％左右。但在缺血再灌注组，即使灌注液中有葡萄糖，再灌注心脏仍表现为脂肪酸分解代谢增加，与灌注液中无葡萄糖组的结果相似，明显高于同灌注条件的正常对照组；然而，灌注液中无葡萄糖时，缺血再灌注心肌的脂肪酸分解代谢低于正常同灌注条件组。结论短暂性缺血对心肌线粒体脂肪酸分解代谢有一定的损害；在正常心脏组中，主要的能量底物为葡萄糖，而缺血后再灌注心肌则以脂肪酸为主要能量底物，可能与再灌注心肌脂肪酸分解代谢代偿性增加，以迅速补充缺血时所造成的能量耗损有关。     

外源性磷酸肌酸在心脏直视术中心肌保护效果的观察

观察外源性磷酸肌酸 (ECP)在心脏直视手术中对心肌保护的临床效果。 47例心脏病需体外循环直视手术患者 ,在心肌保护灌注中 ,按St .Thomas 1号液含与不含ECP分成治疗组和对照组 ,通过临床、生化和形态学指标进行对照研究。结果表明 ,治疗组心脏自动复苏率 82 .6 % ,心律失常的发生率 2 6 .1 % ,所需除颤次数 0 .89± 0 .1 4,而对照组指标分别为 5 4.2 % ,5 8.3%和 1 .37± 0 .1 1 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;心肌酶CPK、CK MB的漏出及再灌注MDA、SOD的生成均少于对照组 ;治疗组缺血末高能磷酸化合物的储备增高 ,对照组明显降低。取材于左室乳头肌及右室心内膜下心肌细胞超微结构观察和线粒体半定量分析 ,表明治疗组缺血后保持了较好的完整性。提示ECP作为晶体停搏液中能量成分对心肌缺血有较理想的保护作用。     

心脏停搏液的研究进展

体外循环心内直视手术是治疗多种心脏疾病的常用方法,心脏停搏液是术中心肌保护的重要措施。目前临床常用的心脏停搏液主要有St.Thomas液、HTK液和含血停搏液,三种停跳液各有优劣。不停跳心内直视手术可避免再灌注损伤,但技术尚不成熟,仍有许多问题需要处理。     

热休克预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注时线粒体的保护作用

目的 研究热休克预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤时线粒体功能的影响。方法 大鼠分为热休克组（HS组）和对照组（C组），HS组大鼠缺血再灌注前48小时先行热休克预处理。随后两组均采用钳夹肝十二指韧带，造成肝脏缺血再灌注损伤，检测缺血前（n=5)、缺血后（n=10)和再灌注后（n=10)肝脏线粒体膜电位（MPM）和呼吸功能的变化。同时比较两组再灌注后三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的恢复情况。结果 缺血30分钟后，C组MPM明显降低，再灌注后仍未恢复。HS组MPM在缺血和再灌注后均保持在较高水平。C组线粒体呼吸控制率（RCR）在缺血30分钟后降至4.89 0.35)，而HS组维持在接近正常的水平。再灌注后，HS组ATP水平的恢复明显早于C组。结论 热休克预处理可防止肝脏缺血时线粒体膜完整性的破坏，并有助于线粒体在再灌注时产生高能磷酸化合物。     

缺血/再灌注损伤后心肌细胞线粒体功能及其能量代谢变化

目的:探讨缺血/再灌注损伤后心肌细胞线粒体功能及其能量代谢变化。方法:设立对照组、单纯缺血组和缺血/再灌注组(n=8)。大鼠脱颈椎处死,取心脏置入4℃的K-H液,行主动脉插管,挂靠Langendorff灌流装置,连接压力换能传感器,开始灌流;采用RM-6280多道生理记录和分析系统记录血液动力学变化;收集灌流后液体,检测心肌生化指标。灌流后取大鼠左室全层心肌,提取蛋白并采用Western blot测定AMPKα和Cyt-C的表达。结果:与对照组比较,单纯缺血组和缺血/再灌注组中LVSP(P<0.05)、+dp/dtmax(P<0.05)与-dp/dtmax(P<0.05)均显著降低,而LVEDP(P<0.05)显著升高;三组中HR差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组和单纯缺血组比较,缺血/再灌注组的CK、LDH和CK-MB明显升高(P<0.05);AMPKα的表达显著降低(P<0.05);而Cyt-C的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:缺血/再灌注损伤后心肌细胞AMPKα的蛋白表达及线粒体功能均显著降低。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.