颌下腺肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现及诊断价值

目的探讨颌下腺肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现及临床价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的29例颌下腺肿瘤的二维超声图像、彩色多普勒及脉冲多普勒频谱特征。结果29例颌下腺肿瘤中,恶性肿瘤约占41.4%(12/29),良性肿瘤约占58.6%(17/29)。本组颌下腺肿瘤超声表现共同特征是颌下三角出现肿块,内部可见实质性或混合性回声团,彩色多普勒超声显示颌下腺恶性肿瘤内部及周边血流信号丰富、杂乱,动脉血流频谱收缩期血流峰值速度(PSV)7.8~24cm/s,阻力指数(RI)0.43~0.94。颌下腺良性肿瘤内部及周边无或偶见点状血流信号。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断颌下腺肿瘤具有较高临床价值。     

Amplitude-coded color Doppler: clinical applications

Amplitude-coded color Doppler sonography (ACD) has become an useful adjunct to gray-scale US and conventional color Doppler sonography (CD) for the assessment of vascular diseases and pathologic conditions that might affect or alter tissue vascularization or perfusion. Basically, all US units that generate conventional color Doppler information through autocorrelation technique are capable of displaying ACD. This technique is also referred to as power Doppler, amplitude-mode color Doppler US, color Doppler energy (CDE), or US angiography. Amplitude-coded color Doppler sonography has already emerged as a valuable adjunct to conventional CD, particularly for evaluating flow in parts of the body where CD signal is weak because of slow flow, small blood vessels, or both. Received: 1 December 1997; Revision received: 26 March 1998; Accepted: 2 June 1998     

Venous thrombosis in and after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: detection and follow-up by color Doppler sonography

The purpose of our study was to evaluate thrombosis of venous vessels during and after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) using color Doppler sonography. We prospectively performed serial color Doppler sonography investigations in 30 ECMO patients [age: newborn to 3 years, male:female = 20:10, venoarterial (VA) ECMO = 18, venovenous (VV) ECMO = 12]. During ECMO obstruction and/or thrombosis of the superior vena cava (SVC) was observed in 2 neonates on VA ECMO. Furthermore, a thrombotic clot from an initially open duct of Arantii with partial portal vein thrombosis, reaching into the inferior vena cava (IVC), occurred despite adequate heparinization. After ECMO, late septic SVC thrombus occurred in one neonate. IVC thrombus was observed in two pediatric VV ECMO patients. The overall incidence of venous clots was 20 % (6 of 30). Routine color Doppler sonography monitoring of vessels in children on and after ECMO was found to be useful for early detection of venous thrombosis. It enabled consequent administration of appropriate therapy as well as follow-up after decannulation and reconstruction. Received 5 November 1996; Revision received 27 January 1997; Accepted 28 March 1997     

Gray scale and color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

Purpose

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of gray scale and color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Patients and methods

A total of 53 wrists in 41 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of carpal tunnel syndrome, referred from the Department of Physical medicine, Rheumatology & Rehabilitation were examined with ultrasonography using a 12 MHz linear array transducer. The presence of median nerve edema, swelling, and bowing of the flexor retinaculum was evaluated by gray scale sonography, while intraneural hypervascularity was evaluated by color Doppler sonography. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each sonographic feature and compared with electrodiagnostic test (EDT) results.

Results

Electrodiagnostic tests confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome in 48 wrists. A median nerve cross sectional area (CSA) of 11 mm² was calculated as a definition of median nerve swelling. In comparison with electrodiagnostic tests, median nerve swelling showed the highest accuracy (89%) among the gray scale sonographic criteria, and the presence of median nerve hypervascularization showed the highest accuracy (94%) among all sonographic criteria. Median nerve edema and bowing of the flexor retinaculum showed accuracies of 81% and 77% respectively.

Conclusion

Median nerve intraneural hypervascularity detected by color Doppler sonography is more accurate in detection of median nerve involvement than gray scale sonography criteria in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome.     

Diagnostic value of gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging for parotid gland tumors

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the value of gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging for differentiating benign and malignant parotid gland tumors, and for characterizing the various histological types.

Patients and methods

Non-enhanced T1-weighted (T1-W), fat-suppressed T2-weighted (T2-W), and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed dynamic T1-weighted images were obtained preoperatively in 27 patients (28 parotid gland tumors), by using a 1.5 or 3 T MR imaging unit (GE, Signa Exite). The tumor margins and the enhancement curve patterns on dynamic MR imaging were analyzed. All patients underwent a parotidectomy with histopathologic analysis.

Results

Pleomorphic adenomas depict a gradual enhancement pattern. Warthin’s tumors depict an early peak of enhancement and a high washout pattern. Malignant tumors depict an early peak of enhancement and a low washout pattern.

Conclusion

Gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging improved the performance of MR imaging in differentiating benign from malignant parotid gland tumors and characterizing the different histological types of benign tumors.     

彩色多普勒超声监测输尿管喷尿变化的临床应用

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声在泌尿系统疾病中的应用。方法:采用利尿药物及多普勒超声检查相结合的方法,对160例(其中30例为正常受试者)的输尿管喷尿变化进行多普勒超声监测。结果:30例正常受试者输尿管喷尿呈左右对称现象,即喷尿的部位、方向、角度、形态、频率及速度等基本对称;其喷尿频率加快、喷尿时间延长。30例肾脏弥漫性病变患者表现为对称性喷尿异常,其余则表现为非对称性喷尿异常。结论:应用彩色多普勒超声监测输尿管喷尿变化时,按照左右对称、两侧对比的方法分析判断,对泌尿系统疾病尤其是尿路梗阻性疾病的诊断是一种快捷、准确方法。     

Therapeutic embolization of high-flow priapism 1 year follow up with color Doppler sonography

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of color Doppler sonography (CDS) for the diagnosis of high-flow priapism and the treatment of cavernosal arterial fistula via super-selective arterial embolization.

Methods and materials

We reviewed eight cases of high-flow priapism with cavernosal arterial fistula, from 2005 to 2011. All of the patients were diagnosed with a high-flow priapism and unilateral artery fistula via CDS. Conventional treatments for the eight cases were unsuccessful, and the patients were then treated through super-selective embolization. Diagnostic angiograms of the internal iliac artery showed a fistula on one side of the cavernosal artery, thus confirming the CDS images. We compared hemodynamic parameters including the peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity the resistance index of the pathological cavernosal artery and intracavernosal pressure in all patients before and after treatment using t-test. The efficacy of super-selective embolization and the erectile function of all patients were evaluated at a follow-up time of 12 months.

Results

All patients were successfully treated and angiography showed that the fistulas disappeared after treatment. Additionally significant differences were found in the peak systolic velocity, the end diastolic velocity, the resistance index and intracavernosal pressure between pre-treatment and post-treatment (P < 0.05). At 5 days post-treatment, only one case relapses had occurred. Seven cases displayed restored erectile function and only one case exhibited erectile dysfunction.

Conclusion

Color Doppler sonography is a highly sensitive method for the examination of high-flow priapism, and super-selective embolization is a safe and effective treatment for cavernosal arterial fistula.     

高频彩色多普勒超声在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声对鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块的应用价值。方法对86例经手术病理确诊的乳腺疾病患者（56例良性,30例恶性）进行术前彩超检查,对比性分析了两组间高频声像图、彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）、病灶内血流Adler分级、阻力指数（RI）、峰值流速（PSV）的差异。结果乳腺良恶性肿块声像图鉴别以肿块边界及形态特征最重要,彩色多普勒显示乳腺癌内的血流较良性肿块明显丰富（P〈0．05）,乳腺癌的血管分布异常、频谱多普勒示肿块内动脉血流PSV、RI也是显著高于良性肿块且有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论综合分析和评价血流Adler分级及频谱多普勒各项血流动力学参数（PSV,RI）指标,有助于对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别。     

Differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy: power Doppler vs color Doppler sonography

Our objective was to compare color and power Doppler sonography of superficial lymph nodes. One hundred ninety-three lymph nodes in 161 patients were assessed by color and power Doppler sonography using standardized settings. We tested which modality displayed more intranodal vessels and checked if these differences would have altered the diagnosis. Additional vessels were seen by color Doppler sonography in 18 nodes and by power Doppler sonography in 58 nodes. Amongst those nodes were 15 nodes which showed no vascularization in color Doppler sonography and 23 nodes with only few intranodal flow signals; however, the better sensitivity of power Doppler sonography had no impact on the diagnosis in 42 of 58 nodes. Diagnostic confidence was increased in 7 nodes which showed normal vessels only in power Doppler sonography, although missing flow signals were defined as a benign finding. Pathological vessels were displayed only by power Doppler sonography in 9 nodes, but 6 of these 9 results proved to be false positive. Power Doppler sonography displays more intranodal flow signals than color Doppler sonography, but the diagnostic impact is low because of an increased risk of false-positive results.     

经颅彩色多普勒血流显像诊断颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床价值

目的:评价经颅彩色多普勒血流显像(TCCS)诊断颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床应用价值。方法:本组9例颈动脉海绵窦瘘经脑血管造影证实。采用经颅彩色多普勒血流显像通过颞窗和眶窗进行扫查。沿颈内动脉颅内段走行仔细探查海绵窦瘘的异常彩色血流团测量颈内动脉、颈外动脉和眼上静脉的血流频谱。结果:9例颈动脉海绵窦瘘中7例(A型)经颅超声可明确诊断(78%),I(D型)例可疑诊断(11%),I(B型)例漏诊(11%)。确诊的7例均可探及明显的海绵窦瘘彩色血流影,患侧颈内动脉呈高速低阻血流频谱,眼上静脉血流速度亦显著加快。结论:经颅彩色多普勒血流显像对A型颈动脉海绵窦瘘具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Abdominal Takayasu's arteritis: imaging with color duplex sonography

Takayasu's arteritis is a inflammatory process of unknown etiology affecting mainly the thoracic and abdominal aorta and producing steno-occlusive findings of various degrees in different sites. We present a case of Takayasu's disease in a young woman, studied by color duplex sonography and verified by angiography. Received 22 April 1996; Revision received 4 September 1996; Accepted 15 July 1997     

经腹彩色多普勒显像诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的价值

目的 :探讨经腹彩色多普勒超声观察卵巢肿瘤血管定位和血流频谱形态对诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的价值。方法 :使用彩色多普勒超声检查 2 8例卵巢恶性肿瘤和 4 1例良性肿瘤 ,测定肿瘤的血管定位 ,舒张期切迹 ,搏动指数 (PI)和阻力指数 (RI) ,将PI和RI与术后病理组织学结果对照 ,以此预测卵巢恶性肿瘤的灵敏性、特异性。结果 :卵巢恶性肿瘤PI为0 .5 4± 0 .15 ,良性为 1.4 8± 0 .6 5 ;恶性肿瘤RI为 0 .4 0± 0 .0 94 ,良性为 0 .85± 0 .0 0 9(P <0 .0 0 1)。卵巢恶性肿瘤 10 0 %可见血管 ,并定位于肿瘤中心 (96 .4 % ) ,92 .9%无舒张期切迹 ;良性肿瘤 4 6 .3%可见血管 ,并定位于肿瘤周边 (94 .7% ) ,89.5 %可见舒张期切迹。以 0 .76为PI界值 ,其预测卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性及阳性和阴性预测率分别为 92 .9%、94 .8%96 .3%和 90 .0 % ;以 0 .5 6为RI界值 ,其敏感性、特异性及阳性和阴性预测率分别为 89.3%、94 .7%、96 .2 %和 85 .7%。结论 :经腹彩色多普勒超声观察卵巢肿瘤血管定位 ,搏动指数、阻力指数和有无舒张期切迹是鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤有效参考价值的方法之一。     

基于MRI征象及影像组学的列线图预测腮腺良性与恶性肿瘤的价值

目的建立并验证基于MRI征象和影像组学的列线图鉴别腮腺良性与恶性肿瘤的效能。方法回顾性收集2015年1月至2020年5月青岛大学附属医院86例经手术病理证实的腮腺肿瘤患者为训练集,收集2013年1月至2020年1月香港大学深圳医院35例患者为独立外部验证集。采用logistic回归基于临床及MRI征象建立临床诊断模型。基于术前平扫T1WI和预饱和脂肪抑制T2WI(fs-T2WI)进行影像组学特征提取,建立影像组学诊断模型。基于影像组学评分及临床诊断模型,通过logistic回归建立影像组学+临床联合诊断模型及列线图。采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评价各模型诊断腮腺良性与恶性肿瘤的效能,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)的比较采用DeLong检验。结果Logistic回归结果显示,腮腺深叶受累(OR值为3.285,P=0.040)和周围组织结构侵犯(OR值为15.919,P=0.013)是腮腺恶性肿瘤的独立影响因素,将二者构建临床诊断模型。基于平扫T1WI和fs-T2WI,共提取19个特征构建影像组学诊断模型。联合影像组学评分以及腮腺深叶受累、周围组织结构侵犯2个常规影像学特征建立联合诊断模型及列线图。临床诊断模型、影像组学诊断模型、联合诊断模型在训练集和验证集中诊断腮腺良性与恶性肿瘤的AUC分别为0.758、0.951、0.953和0.752、0.941、0.964。在训练集和验证集中,影像组学诊断模型、联合诊断模型的AUC均高于临床诊断模型(训练集:Z=3.95、4.31,P均<0.001;验证集:Z=2.16、2.67,P=0.031、0.008),影像组学诊断模型、联合诊断模型间AUC差异无统计学意义(训练集:Z=0.39,P=0.697;验证集:Z=1.10,P=0.273)。结论本研究所建立的MRI影像组学模型以及由腮腺深叶受累、周围组织结构侵犯、MRI影像组学特征组成的联合诊断模型,能有效鉴别腮腺良恶性肿瘤,具有较高的预测效能。     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的应用彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）观察乳腺肿块的血流特点，评价血流参数（PSV、R0对乳腺良、恶性肿块的鉴别诊断价值。方法运用CDFI检测73例的77个乳腺肿块，并与术后病理对照。对其中超声检测出血流的60个乳腺肿块观察血流特点并进行血流参数测定，比较乳腺良、恶性肿块的差异，同时对RI诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值加以分析。结果乳腺恶性肿块的CDFI血流信号较良性肿块明显丰富。恶性肿块的PSV、RI值明显高于良性肿块CP〈O．05），以RI≥0．70诊断乳腺癌敏感性和特异性较高，分别为82．6％和80．95％。结论彩色多普勒血流显像及血流参数测定对乳腺良、恶肿块的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值。     

Color Doppler sonography: its real role in the evaluation of children with highly suspected testicular torsion

The goal of this study was to assess the reliability of color Doppler imaging in boys who presented with acute scrotal pain and borderline clinical findings. The second purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential change in diagnostic accuracy as a result of employing radiological staff with varying levels of experience. Thirty-eight consecutive patients with highly suspected testicular torsion were enrolled in this prospective study. Clinical examination was followed by color Doppler US (7.5-MHz transducer). The staff of radiologists included four residents and three experienced radiologists. All patients underwent surgical exploration. All original reports of residents were reviewed by experienced radiologists and sensitivity with specificity were determined and compared. Original interpretations of color Doppler imaging yielded sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 85%, which changed after review to 88.9 and 90%, respectively. Clinical assessment was accurate only in 47.4%. Agreement between original and retrospective color Doppler diagnosis was obtained in 20 of 23 (86.9%) reviewed cases. Color Doppler US may prevent unnecessary surgery in the cases with conclusive normal and increased blood flow. In all other situations scrotal exploration should be performed.     

Value of diffusion tensor imaging in differentiating malignant from benign parotid gland tumors

PurposeTo evaluate whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to differentiate malignant parotid gland tumors from the benign ones.Materials and methodsThe study population comprised 59 parotid gland tumors (24 Warthin’s tumors, 19 pleomorphic adenomas, seven other benign tumors, and nine malignant tumors). Single-shot echo-planar DTI was performed with motion-probing gradients along 30 noncollinear directions (b = 1000 s/mm²) at 3.0 T. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values for benign and malignant tumors were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the ability of the ADC and FA values to differentiate malignant tumors from the benign ones.ResultsADC values showed no significant difference between malignant (0.93 ± 0.21 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) and benign tumors (1.19 ± 0.50 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) (p = 0.225). FA values of malignant tumors were significantly higher than those of benign tumors (0.26 ± 0.06 vs. 0.17 ± 0.05, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of FA was significantly greater than that under the curve of ADC (0.884 vs. 0.628, p = 0.010).ConclusionsDTI, particularly FA, can help differentiate malignant parotid gland tumors from the benign ones.     

彩色多普勒超声监测Graves病甲状腺动脉栓塞后血流变化的临床研究

目的 研究彩色多普勒超声在监测甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗Grayes病后甲状腺血流变化，以及对临床疗效的评估作用。方法 31例确诊Graves病的患者行甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗，其中11例用彩色多普勒超声监测治疗前后甲状腺的血流变化，观察指标有甲状腺内部血流信号、甲状腺上动脉舒张期内径、收缩期最大血流速度(Vmax)、舒张期最小血流速度(Vmin)、阻力指数(RI)和甲状腺大小。同时观察临床症状和相关的实验室检查指标的变化情况。结果 Graves病甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗后，甲状腺上动脉舒张期内径、Vmax和Vmin明显降低，甲状腺内部血流明显减少，甲状腺体积缩小。临床症状好转或消失，相关的实验室检查指标恢复正常。结论 彩色多普勒超声可用于评估甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗Grayes病的疗效，是一种较好的无创性动态监测方法。     

彩色多普勒超声对鉴别良恶性肾肿瘤的意义

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）对鉴别肾脏良、恶性肿瘤的意义。方法32例由手术病理证实的肾肿瘤患者（23例肾细胞癌，6例肾盂移行细胞癌，以及3例肾错构瘤）均经CDUS检查，首先分析其二维声像图特征，其次测量其肾动脉峰值血流速度及阻力指数，并将良、恶性患者的测量均值进行比较。结果肾脏良、恶性肿瘤具有不同的声像图特征，恶性肿瘤患者肾动脉峰值流速高于良性肿瘤患者，RI低于良性肿瘤患者。在32例中，CDUS定位诊断准确率为100％，2例恶性肿瘤被误诊为良性肿瘤，2例良性肿瘤被误诊为恶性肿瘤，CDUS的诊断敏感性为93．5％，特异性33．3％，准确性87．5％。结论CDUS，尤其是彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）技术对肾动脉血流参数的检测及对肿瘤内血流分布的评价，在鉴别肾脏良、恶性肿瘤中起重要作用。     

高频彩超对腮腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨超声对腮腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的173例腮腺肿瘤的声像图资料。结果:173例腮腺肿瘤中,良性159例,超声诊断符合率71.1%(113/159),恶性14例,超声诊断符合率71.4%(10/14)。良性病变常表现为形态规则边界清楚的肿块,以混合瘤居多,其次为腺淋巴瘤;恶性病变常表现为形态不规则,边界不清晰的肿块,以黏液表皮样癌居多。良恶性肿瘤在形态、边界、包膜、有无液化(囊实混合)、钙化及CDFI等表现方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高频彩超是腮腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的重要方法。     

Differentiation of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes: Value of B-mode and color Doppler sonography

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of color Doppler sonography in detecting possible differences in blood flow patterns and B-mode sonographic characteristics between malignant and benign cervical lymph nodes. Patients and methods: During a period of 10 months, the palpable cervical lymph nodes of 39 patients were prospectively evaluated with B-mode and color Doppler sonography. The echogenity, contour, ratio of longitudinal diameter to the transverse diameter and the presence of a hilus were evaluated by B-mode sonography. Capsullary and intranodal arterial flow rates were measured and maximal systolic, end-diastolic, mid-systolic flow velocities with pulsatility, resistivity and acceleration indices were obtained. Final diagnosis was established by excisional biopsy (n:34) and clinical follow-up (n:5). Results: The lymph nodes in 20 cases were malignant and in 19 cases were benign. The B-mode contour characteristics and presence of a hilus in malignant and benign lymph nodes were statistically significant (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the ratio of longitudinal diameter to the transverse diameter (P>0.05), echogenity (P>0.05) and the diameters of lymph nodes (P>0.05). Flow patterns were obtained in 14 malignant (70%) and 10 benign (52.6%) cases. The maximal systolic, end diastolic, mid-systolic flow velocities and pulsatility, resistivity, acceleration indices did not differ statistically (P>0.05). Conclusion: In the differentiations of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes, the B-mode and color Doppler sonography are limited methods and can not replace biopsy.