中耳炎鼓膜小穿孔耳内镜治疗的研究

目的　探讨鼓膜小穿孔的慢性化脓性中耳炎耳内镜下手术修补方式的选择。方法　回顾性分析2016年3月～2018年10月我科诊治的90例慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓膜小穿孔患者,根据修补方式（内置法或夹层法）和手术时鼓室黏膜情况（干耳或湿耳）,观察对比鼓膜愈合率及术后3个月听力改善情况。结果　90例患者干性穿孔53例,鼓膜穿孔边缘潮湿者（湿耳）37例;内植法64例,夹层法26例。术后鼓膜一期愈合87例,夹层法术后鼓膜愈合率高于内植法,但两者比较差异无统计学意义（P =0.554）。湿耳组中夹层法修复鼓膜成功率高于内植法,两者比较差异有统计学意义（Fisher确切概率法P =0.047）。术后3个月平均气导听阈较术前显著提高,差异有统计学意义 （t =5.055,P＜0.05）,气骨导差明显缩小与术前比较,差异有统计学意义（t =5.351,P＜0.05）。结论　耳内镜下内置法鼓膜成形术治疗中耳炎鼓膜小穿孔,有微创、便捷和疗效确切等优势。针对鼓膜穿孔边缘潮湿、耳漏反复发作及前上象限穿孔者,该术式需慎重考虑,应优先选择夹层法鼓膜成形术。     

耳内镜下鼓膜修补术

目的探讨应用耳内镜下鼓膜修补术治疗鼓膜穿孔的疗效.方法应用单手操作行前内植后夹层法鼓膜成形术,治疗30耳鼓膜穿孔.结果有28耳愈合良好听力提高较为满意,穿孔愈合率为93.3%,与在显微镜下手术疗效无明显差异.结论应用耳内镜手术治疗鼓膜穿孔方便、灵活、视野好,为一较理想的手术方法.     

耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜夹层法鼓膜修补的临床疗效分析

目的　探讨耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜夹层法鼓膜修补术的临床疗效。方法　采用回顾性研究方法分析耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜夹层法修补鼓膜的80例患者,对患者术后鼓膜穿孔愈合率、鼓膜愈合形态、听力改善情况、并发症等随访至少1年。结果　80例鼓膜愈合79例,愈合率为98.8%;所有鼓膜愈合形态良好;患者术前与术后1年气导平均听阈分别为（39.1±8.5）dB HL、（20.5±9.1）dB HL,差异有统计学意义（t =10.31,P <0.01）;术前与术后1年平均气骨导差分别为（21.1±5.5）dB、（9.5±7.1）dB,差异有统计学意义 （t =7.84,P <0.01）,听力改善明显。所有病例术后均未出现严重并发症。结论　耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜夹层法修补穿孔鼓膜,术后鼓膜愈合形态佳,听力恢复良好,是一种有效的手术方法,可供临床选择和推广。     

耳内镜下脂肪组织鼓膜成形术的临床观察

目的 探讨耳内镜下脂肪组织鼓膜成形术的临床治疗方法和疗效.方法 对32例(32耳)慢性中耳炎遗留鼓膜穿孔的患者施行耳内镜下脂肪组织鼓膜成形术,探讨手术方法和分析疗效.结果术后随访12～18周,1次手术的穿孔愈合率为91%,2次手术穿孔总愈合率为97%,愈合鼓膜形态好,无鼓室粘连、听力下降等并发症发生.结论 耳内镜下脂肪组织鼓膜成形术适用于慢性中耳炎无听骨链病变的中小鼓膜穿孔修补,操作简单,成功率高.疗效可靠.     

自体脂肪鼓膜修补的疗效观察

目的探讨自体脂肪鼓膜修补术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析1998年6月至2001年6月间78例(83耳)行自体脂肪鼓膜修补术患者的临床资料,观察不同大小、不同部位、不同类型鼓膜穿孔的愈合情况。结果全部患者随访时间超过6个月,总愈合率为91.6%(76/83),其中小穿孔愈合率达95.7%(67/70),平均听力提高8.9±4.7dB。共7耳发生术后并发症,包括鼓膜再穿孔3耳,感染4耳。结论自体脂肪鼓膜修补术是一种简便、安全、有效的方法,对外伤性鼓膜穿孔及儿童置管后鼓膜穿孔不愈合者有较好的疗效。     

耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜和耳屏软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔疗效分析

目的 探讨耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜和耳屏软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔的疗效。方法 回顾2020年1月～2021年12月在扬州大学临床医学院接受鼓膜修补手术的97例(97耳)患者,随机分成两组,分别为采用耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔48例和采用耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔49例,术后1、3、6、12个月复查,至少随访3个月以上。比较两组术后3个月以上鼓膜愈合率及听力情况。结果术后3个月软骨-软骨膜组鼓膜愈合率95.83%(46/48),软骨膜组鼓膜愈合率95.92%(47/49)(χ²=0.000,P>0.05);术后3个月平均气导阈值均较术前提高,两组差异无统计学意义(t=-0.404,P>0.05)。结论 耳内镜下软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔与软骨膜修补疗效相当,是一种有效的手术方法,值得临床推广。     

内窥镜下经耳道夹层法鼓膜修补术

目的探讨内窥镜下耳道途径改良夹层法修补鼓膜穿孔的临床效果,并介绍临床手术要点及技巧。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院应用内窥镜下耳道途径改良夹层法修补鼓膜穿孔的61例(64耳)患者的病历资料。结果 61例(64耳)患者随访6~24个月,术后无耳闷、耳鸣加重、眩晕、气骨导听力下降等。术后1-3个月内复查3耳再度穿孔,61耳穿孔修补成功,穿孔愈合率95.3%,修补成功病例术后6个月以上复查未见再穿孔、鼓膜内陷、粘连及前部钝角愈合情况,患者诉无听力下降等。术后3-6个月纯音测听示患者听力改善率达95.3%。结论适应证选取得当,内窥镜下耳道途径改良夹层法鼓膜穿孔修补术操作简单,损伤小,鼓膜愈合率高,听力改善较明显,值得临床推广。     

不同术式及材料鼓膜成形术的疗效观察

目的 探讨根据鼓膜穿孔大小选择不同鼓膜成形术及修补材料的可行性及疗效.方法 255例鼓膜穿孔患者,根据鼓膜穿孔大小,分别对98例鼓膜小穿孔患者(穿孔直径小于3 mm)采用耳内镜下或显微镜下脂肪团块嵌塞法行鼓膜修补术,对75例鼓膜中穿孔患者(穿孔直径3~5 mm)行耳内镜下或显微镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜内置法、不制作外耳道皮瓣行鼓膜修补术,对82例鼓膜大穿孔患者(穿孔直径大于5 mm)行显微镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜内置法、制作外耳道皮瓣行鼓膜修补术.术后1~3个月行耳内镜复查,观察其疗效.结果 三种手术方式修补鼓膜小、中、大穿孔的愈合率分别为98.0%(96/98)、96.0%(72/75) 和96.34%(79/82),总愈合率为96.86%(247/255),术后言语频率平均气导听阈20.1±4.3 dB HL.结论 针对鼓膜穿孔大小选择不同鼓膜成形术及修补材料是可行的,其疗效均满意.     

不同材料鼓室成形术的临床疗效观察

目的探讨不同材料下(颞肌筋膜、薄层软骨-软骨膜瓣复合物)行改良夹层法鼓膜成形术的疗效。方法对100耳患慢性化脓性中耳炎的鼓膜穿孔患者,随机双盲法行自体颞肌筋膜(对照组)及薄层软骨-软骨膜瓣复合物(研究组)行改良夹层法鼓膜成形术,分别就术后愈合情况、听力效果及鼓室曲线等进行临床观察及统计学分析。结果①鼓膜穿孔者,愈合效果组间无差异(P>0.05)。②鼓膜大穿孔者,听力及鼓室曲线等研究组优于对照组(P<0.05)③鼓膜中、小穿孔,听力及鼓室曲线等对照组优于研究组(P>0.05)。结论修补鼓膜穿孔时,鼓膜愈合情况两组无统计学差异;修补鼓膜大穿孔时,听力及鼓室曲线研究组明显优于对照组,远期听力效果较好,对于鼓膜中、小穿孔,对照组明显优于研究组。     

湿润烧伤膏棉片外贴法修补外伤性鼓膜穿孔

外伤性鼓膜穿孔是一种常见病,穿孔较小(面积小于鼓膜1/4)者,一般都能够在1～2周内自行愈合,不会遗留永久性穿孔;穿孔较大(面积大于或等于鼓膜1/4)者,自行愈合时间延长,感染机会增加,遗留永久性穿孔者多见.我们通过对82例(87耳)外伤性鼓膜穿孔面积占鼓膜1/4以上者,用浸有湿润烧伤膏棉片外贴法修补鼓膜穿孔后发现,鼓膜穿孔愈合时间明显缩短,治愈率明显提高.现报告如下.     

Prognostic factors influencing anatomic and functional outcome in myringoplasty

The objectives of myringoplasty are essentially two: restore the eardrum integrity and improve hearing level. We have carried out a retrospective study of myringoplasties performed in our Department, between 1996 to 2000, corresponding to 197 surgical interventions, in 162 patients. The characteristics more frequently seen for operating ears were central localization of tympanic membrane perforation, dry ear, good eustaquian tube function and underlay technique placing fascia graft. Endaural or retroauricular approach were similar in number. We obtained 73.6% of anatomic success, though in some cases we needed to reoperate the patient. When we analysed risk factors of anatomic success, we noticed than only the tympanic perforation site had influence, with better rate in posterior perforations and lower rate in subtotal perforations. We analysed functional results in ears with anatomic success, finding 75.6% of hearing level improvement with a gap of less than 20 dB. Factors influencing hearing improvement were surgeon experience and the presence of middle ear alterations.     

A multivariate analysis of otological,surgical and patient‐related factors in determining success in myringoplasty

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking and other prognostic factors on long‐term surgical outcome and hearing results in myringoplasty. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Tertiary medical centre. Participants: Eighty myringoplasty operations were analysed retrospectively from the charts of 74 patients who underwent myringoplasty between January 2000 and November 2002 at the First ENT Clinic of Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, using the chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, t‐test and multiple logistic regression statistical analysis. Main outcome measures: The effects of prognostic factors and smoking on myringoplasty were investigated by variables noted from patients’ files such as smoking status, operation type, duration of dry period of the diseased ear, peroperative otorrhoea, status of the opposite ear, presence of perforation at admission, place of perforation, size of perforation, status of middle ear mucosa, presence of cholesteatoma and tympanosclerosis, ossicular status, previous and related surgery, experience of the surgeon, presence of anterior overhang, presence of valsalva manoeuvre, postoperative antiobiotic cover and income per day. Results: The overall take rate of the myringoplasty graft was 71%. Based on the univariate analysis, smoking status of the patients (P = 0.008), status of the opposite ear (P = 0.01), size of perforation (P = 0.009) and the experience of the surgeon (P = 0.002) were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01) prognostic factors influencing the success rate of the operations. Multiple logistic regression analysis was subsequently carried out on these prognostic factors and yielded the following classification (95% CI): senior surgeon (OR = 14.3), non‐smoking patient (OR = 11.4), longer duration of dry period of the diseased ear (OR = 5.3), normal opposite ear (OR = 5.0) and small perforation (OR = 4.8). Conclusions: A non‐smoking patient, a longer dry ear, a healthy opposite ear, a relatively smaller perforation and a senior surgeon were found to be significant prognostic factors positively influencing the success rate of myringoplasty.     

Interlay method for myringoplasty.

Sixty-nine ears with perforation of the tympanic membrane were reviewed. All had undergone myringoplasty by the interlay method. The average period for complete epithelization was 16.1 days after surgery. Neither blunting of the anterior tympanomeatal angle nor lateralization of the tympanic membrane was observed. The success rate was 94.2% for the initial surgery, when "success" is defined as closure of the perforation and complete epithelization (dry ear). The surgical technique and various advantages of the interlay method of myringoplasty are described.     

耳后进路Over-Under法鼓膜修补术60例

目的 探讨鼓膜大穿孔合并外耳道狭窄手术修补方法。方法 对60例（62耳）鼓膜大穿孔合并外耳道狭窄病例行耳后进路Over Under法鼓膜修补术,随访0.5～1年,观察鼓膜穿孔愈合率及术后听力变化。结果 60例（62耳）鼓膜大穿孔病例,穿孔愈合58耳（占93.5%）,听力提高53耳（占85.5%）,无鼓膜外侧愈合及皮片胆脂瘤发生。结论 耳后进路Over-Under法鼓膜修补术是鼓膜大穿孔合并外耳道狭窄病例合适的手术方式。耳后进路能提供良好的暴露,有利于制作鼓膜移植床;Over-Under法能较为方便地安放移植膜并提供较高的稳固性,避免鼓膜与鼓岬粘连。     

鼓膜成形术听力疗效及相关因素分析

目的:探讨鼓膜成形术术后听力疗效,并对其相关影响因素进行分析.方法:1999年1月～2003年12月住院行颞肌筋膜夹层法鼓膜成形术,且术前纯音测听结果为传导性聋的患者共165例(175耳),随访2年以上,对可能影响疗效的10项因素进行多元线性回归分析.结果:纯音测听示术后气骨导差的平均值较术前降低7.1 dBHL.使用多元线性回归对可能影响术后听力的因素进行筛选,按其作用大小依次为:术前气导听阈平均值、干耳时间、病程、年龄.主观听力的改变与客观听力的改变具有相关性.结论:术前听力越好,年龄越小,在一定范围内(2年)干耳时间越久,病程越短,则术后气骨导差越小,听力提高的可能性越大.纯音测听听力改善者,大多数主观听力亦改善.     

Fat graft myringoplasty after unsuccessful tympanic membrane repair

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of fat graft myringoplasty in repairing residual or recurrent tympanic membrane perforation. A retrospective analysis was performed on 31 patients, aged 25–57 years (mean 43.3), submitted to myringoplasty revision using fat graft. Fourteen were males and 17 females. Perforation size ranged from 1 to 5 mm. Follow-up time ranged from 4 to 62 months (mean 26 months). Fat graft myringoplasty was performed under local anesthesia, using ear lobe fat in 26 patients and abdominal fat in five patients closure of tympanic membrane perforation was achieved in 87.1% of ears. No modification of the hearing level was evidenced at the statistical analysis. Fat graft myringoplasty is a safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure, suitable to repair small residual/recurrent perforations of the tympanic membrane. The angiogenic properties of the fat are ideal to overcome the poor vascular supply in the vicinity of the tympanic membrane perforation.     

中耳胆固醇肉芽肿8例报告

目的 :探讨中耳胆固醇肉芽肿 (CG)的病因、发病机制、诊断及治疗。方法 :回顾性分析 8例 (9耳 )CG患者的临床资料。 8例 (9耳 )均为轻～中度传导性聋 ,鼓膜呈“蓝鼓膜”征 ,鼓室压曲线图为B型 (除 1例鼓膜紧张部穿孔外 ) ,其中 7例 (8耳 )行鼓室探查术 ,开放上鼓室、鼓窦及乳突气房 ,彻底清除肉芽组织 ,有 5例行中耳置管术 ,2例行中耳乳突改良根治术 ;另 1例仅行鼓膜穿刺抽液。结果 :1例失访。 7例 (8耳 )术后随访 0 .5～ 6年 ,6例 (7耳 )无复发 ;1例 (1耳 )复发 ,再次行手术治疗 ,术后 1年无复发。结论 :对不明原因的血性耳溢液及蓝鼓膜 ,应结合CT提高术前诊断率。对CG应采取手术治疗 ,清除病变 ,建立鼓室及乳突的通气、引流。     

内镜下鼓膜成形术

目的评价内镜下修补干性鼓膜中、小穿孔的效果并与传统的烧灼法作对照。方法按完全随机法将鼓膜干性中央性中、小穿孔130耳分为两组,第一组100耳接受内镜下同种异体颞肌筋膜鼓膜成形术(内镜组),另30耳采用传统的40%三氯醋酸烧灼法进行修补(对照组)。比较两组间术后3个月鼓膜穿孔完全愈合的耳数以及术后6个月的语言频率纯音听阈的差异。结果术后3个月,内镜组鼓膜穿孔完全愈合率为91/100,较对照组的20/30高(P<0.01),术后6个月,两组鼓膜穿孔完全愈合者的骨-气导差在10dB以内的占90.1%。结论使用内镜修补鼓膜穿孔具有明显的优势,可代替手术显微镜且更容易通过狭窄或弯曲的外耳道,该手术是一种简单易行、安全有效的方法。     

Tympanic reperforation in myringoplasty: evaluation of prognostic factors

OBJECTIVES: The most frequent failure in myringoplasty is reperforation. This complication appears at a rate of 7% to 27%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of the principal prognostic factors to the risk of reperforation. METHODS: This is a study of prognosis based on an inception cohort. The prognostic factors considered in the study refer to clinical and surgical aspects; follow-up ranged from 5 to 7 years (mean, 68 months). The study was performed on 212 patients with or without otorrhea who underwent operation for tympanic perforation. All subjects underwent myringoplasty by means of an underlay or overlay technique depending on the size and site of the perforation. RESULTS: Healing of the tympanic perforation was obtained in 182 cases (86%). Age, otorrhea, status of the contralateral ear, and conductive hearing loss did not significantly affect the outcome of surgery. On the other hand, time from surgery, the site of perforation, the type of anesthesia, the approach, the surgical technique, and the type of graft were significantly related to the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In the analysis of our results, the surgical approach proved to be the principal prognostic factor in the anatomic outcome of myringoplasty. The results obtained suggest that the principal factors influencing the outcome of myringoplasty are technical and not clinical.     

Inverted caloric nystagmus of perforated ears upon air caloric stimulation

It is well known that inverted caloric nystagmus is seen during air caloric testing in cases of chronic otitis media. The mechanism of inversion and its clinical significance are discussed here. Temperature changes in the tympanic cavity and external ear canal were measured with a microthermister and a digital tester in seventeen ears with tympanic membrane perforation, during bithermal air caloric testing. The tympanic cavity mucosa was cooled by hot stimulation because of the evaporation of heat. When the perforation was closed or humidified air was used, the tympanic cavity mucosa was not cooled by hot stimulation and the inverted caloric nystagmus changed to a normal response. Inverted caloric nystagmus occurred in 30.4% of 335 ears affected by chronic otitis media with perforation. Inverted caloric nystagmus occurred in 90 ears with hot stimulation and in 12 ears with cold stimulation. Inverted caloric nystagmus turned to normal response after myringoplasty in all of 10 ears. The cooling effect caused by evaporation of water from the moist middle ear mucosa during dry air blowing and direct thermal conduction to the vestibulum through a perforation of the ear drum and inversion of the endolymphatic convection seemed to cause the inversion.