静电相互作用微米粒的构筑

通过静电相互作用构筑海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微囊并优化其制备工艺，初步考察微囊的载药性能。在单因素实验的基础上用正交设计优化了海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微囊的制备方法，用显微照相考察微囊的外观形态。以阿霉素为模型药初步研究其载药性能。结果发现：微囊外观圆整，平均粒径为59.68μm(30-250μm，56.08％)，载药微囊的包封率可达80.46％。制备了外观圆整的微囊，其对阿霉素有较好的包载能力。     

紫草素明胶-海藻酸钠微囊制备

目的:优选紫草素明胶-海藻酸钠微囊的制备工艺条件。方法:以紫草素微囊载药量、包封率、粒径大小及分布为制备工艺的优化指标,通过单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验,考察了乳化剂种类、乳化温度、明胶/海藻酸钠最佳浓度与比例、芯壁比、Ca Cl2浓度等因素对微囊形成的影响。结果:紫草素复合微囊的最佳制备条件为:2%的明胶和海藻酸钠(比例为1∶3),芯壁比为1∶1,Ca Cl2浓度为5%,吐温-司盘(1∶1)为乳化剂,乳化温度55℃;所得微囊成球性好、粒径分布均匀,载药量和包封率分别为18.27%、81.90%。结论:优选工艺所制备的紫草素明胶-海藻酸钠微囊包封率和载药率都较高,粒径均一,为紫草素微囊的进一步研究奠定基础。     

星点设计优化5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微囊的制备工艺

目的:应用星点设计法优化5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微囊的制备工艺,以提高微囊性质的可预测性。方法:以壳聚糖为囊材,采用单凝聚法将5-氟尿嘧啶微囊化,以载药量、包封率、粒径、跨距为因变量对壳聚糖浓度、芯壁比、乳化剂用量和成囊温度4个自变量的各水平进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,并进行预测分析。结果:通过星点设计法得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件为:壳聚糖浓度为质量分数0.15%,芯壁比1.5,乳化剂的用量8%,成囊温度50℃。结论:星点设计法优化微囊制备工艺预测性良好,制得的微囊具有囊型好、粒径分布均匀、重现性好、包封率高且制备工艺稳定的特点。     

马钱子碱微囊制备工艺的研究

目的制备马钱子碱微囊,考察其影响因素,找出最优方案。方法以壳聚糖和明胶为囊材,马钱子碱为囊心物,采用复凝聚法制备载药微囊。通过正交设计试验,以包封率、粒径为指标,确定最佳囊材比、囊心与囊材比及CaCl_2的浓度,确定最优配方。观察其形态,测定其包封率、粒径、载药量、Zeta电位等。结果通过正交实验,制备马钱子碱微囊的最优配方:壳聚糖浓度为5 mg/m L,明胶浓度为4 mg/m L,CaCl_2浓度为2%,囊心与囊材比为1∶3。3次平行制备所得的载药微囊的各参数的平均值:包封率为28.73%,粒径为2.15μm,载药量为10.6%,Zeta电位为12.61 mV。微囊分散性好,表面平滑完整,囊壁清晰,无粘连。结论以壳聚糖和明胶为原料的复凝聚法制备马钱子碱微囊具有较高的包封率,且稳定性好,制备工艺简单。     

灯盏花素壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微囊的制备

目的考察灯盏花素壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微囊的制备工艺和最优处方。方法采用凝聚法制备了灯盏花素壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微囊。以药物的包封率和载药量作为制备工艺优化指标,通过正交试验得出微囊的最优处方。结果最优处方为海藻酸钠质量浓度为25mg/mL,壳聚糖质量浓度为2mg/mL,氯化钙浓度为0.2mol/L,海藻酸钠与药物的比例为1∶1。结论本法工艺简单可行,稳定,重现性好。     

卡铂-乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物微囊制备的优化筛选

目的　优化卡铂 乳酸 羟基乙酸共聚物微囊的制备工艺。方法　采用乳化 溶剂挥发法制备载药微囊 ,单因素试验初选影响粒径和包封率的主要因素和范围 ,以 15 5均匀设计表优选提高包封率和控制粒径分布的实验条件 ,并进行结果预测及验证。结果　卡铂 载体投料比、载体浓度、内 外相体积比对微囊包封率和粒径影响显著。优化条件所得微囊形态圆整、均匀 ,平均粒径 ( 14 2 5± 3 5 2 ) μm ,平均载药量 ( 6 81± 0 0 4) %,平均包封率 ( 74 13± 0 5 6) %(n =3 )。结论　本制备工艺优化合理 ,重现性良好     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠布洛芬缓释微球的制备工艺及性能

目的 研究以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为基质材料,制备布洛芬缓释微球. 方法 以微球的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标.利用复凝聚法,通过L16(45)正交实验得出微球的最佳制备工艺条件. 结果 壳聚糖浓度4.0 mg/mL,搅拌速度600 r/min,反应温度30℃,体系pH 4.5,交联剂戊二醛用量1.5 mL为最佳工艺.以最佳制备工艺条件制备的布洛芬缓释微球.粒径(31.6±1.7)μm,药物包封率(64.6±2.2)%. 结论 微球球形态及稳定性较好,有良好的缓释效果.     

氧氟沙星纳米粒制备工艺的优化及稳定性考察

目的:制备粒径小、形态均匀和包封率高的氧氟沙星纳米粒,并对纳米粒的稳定性进行考察.方法:选用聚氰基丙烯酸丁酯为载体,在单因素实验基础上结合均匀实验设计优化出氧氟沙星纳米粒的制备工艺,并从温度、湿度和光照3个方面对纳米粒的稳定性进行考察.结果:采用此方法制备的纳米粒粒径小,形态均匀,载药量高,包封率可达69.69%,且稳定性好.结论:此氧氟沙星纳米粒的制备工艺切实可行.     

马钱子生物碱微囊的制备及评价

为降低马钱子生物碱的释放速率,采用乳化 溶剂扩散法制备马钱子生物碱微囊,以载药量、包封率、外观形态等为考核指标,通过正交试验对制备工艺条件进行优化并考察其体外溶出性能。结果表明：在优化的工艺条件（囊芯和囊材质量比为1∶2,囊材质量浓度0.135 g/mL,乳化剂体积分数2%,有机相和水相体积比为1∶5）下3次平行制得微囊的包封率和载药量的平均值分别为53.99%和18.25%;微囊外观光滑圆整,流动性好且粒径分布较窄;微囊中的马钱子碱与士的宁在人工胃液中具有良好的体外缓释效果。     

离子凝胶法制备壳聚糖载药微囊

目的:采用离子凝胶法,建立制备壳聚糖载药微囊的方法,探讨最佳制备条件,考察药物电荷情况对微囊包封率的影响.方法:以三聚磷酸钠(TPP)为交联剂、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,以微囊包封率为优化指标,通过正交实验探索微囊最佳制备工艺;再分别以BSA(带负电)和异烟肼(带正电)为模型药物按照最佳工艺制备微囊,并比较两种微囊包封率.结果:最佳制备条件为:壳聚糖/TPP(w/w)3.75:1、pH值5.0、TPP滴加速度20滴/min、搅拌速度200 r/mim.带有负电荷的药物(BSA)微囊包封率明显高于带有正电荷的药物(异烟肼)微囊(P＜0.001).结论:离子凝胶法制备微囊方法简单,条件温和,比较适合用于带有负电荷药物微囊的制备.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.