A methodology for the evaluation of disinfection technologies

There are several concerns associated with the use of chlorine for potable water disinfection. These are the resistance of certain pathogens, the formation of toxic disinfection by-products and the adverse effects on aesthetic water quality. Owing to these concerns the water industry is continually reviewing alternative disinfection technologies. A methodology has been devised that will aid the water industry in evaluating the potential of these technologies. The methodology uses seven criteria to evaluate the technologies, these are: inactivation efficiency, disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation, toxicity, aesthetic water quality, cost, scalability and residual maintenance. Each criterion is assessed by associated questions in order of importance in accordance with a protocol. The criteria are evaluated using UK water quality regulations as standards. Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection was used as an example to demonstrate the methodology. UV was shown to meet all the criteria apart from the provision of a residual disinfectant. Several other disinfection technologies were evaluated using the methodology. Direct electrochemical disinfection and mixed oxidant generators were identified as having the most potential for replacing chlorination.     

预防性消毒工作探讨

每逢疫情流行期间，街道、社区、公共场所等处都可见背喷雾器进行预防性消毒的人员，流行期一过就难见踪影了。其实，坚持日常生活环境、公共场所的预防性消毒，可及时杀灭潜在的各类病原体，减少疾病的传播。     

城市灭鼠与巩固措施

兰州市1987年开展灭鼠一役达标活动,鼠密度由灭前的30.59%下降到灭后的1%,灭鼠率达96.73%,实现一役达标.1989年8月通过国家爱卫会的考核,并被命名为灭鼠达标先进城市.近十年来,市政府采取一系列巩固灭鼠成果措施,多次通过国家级、省级、市级的灭鼠验收工作.但近几年,由于交通旅游业的迅速发展,城市建筑业的发展,不少地区出现鼠密度回升趋势.     

2008年嘉兴市区灭蝇措施效果分析

2008年浙江省嘉兴市创建国家卫生城市成功。创卫过程中,通过环境综合治理,宣传教育,防蝇设施的修建,化学、物理方法灭蝇,在短时期内有效地控制了蝇类密度,现将结果报告如下。     

基于新型冠状病毒肺炎舆情应对的健康防护与消毒工作探讨

本文总结了新冠肺炎疫情期间健康防护和消毒相关舆情的发展趋势及特点,从舆情角度探讨了疫情防控中健康防护和消毒工作取得的经验与不足,并提出下一步的工作建议：加强重点场所和单位的健康防护和消毒工作;开展健康防护和消毒效果评价及病毒在环境中的传播机制研究;建立专业的健康防护和消毒应急科普机制和信息发布渠道;加快疫情相关健康防护...     

抗凝血灭鼠剂实验室及现场灭鼠效果

目的 了解0．005％大隆毒饵及0．0375％杀鼠迷毒饵实验室及现场灭鼠效果，为今后灭鼠工作提供科学依据。方法 用群饲养有选择给饵法测定毒饵的适口性及实验室灭鼠效果，用粉迹法测定现场鼠密度，计算灭鼠率。结果 摄食系数，大隆为0．43，杀鼠迷为0．72；实验室灭鼠率，2种药品均为100％；现场灭鼠率，大隆为98．11％，杀鼠迷为98．06％；现场校正灭鼠率。大隆为98．02％，杀鼠迷为97．98％。结论 2种灭鼠药的适口性均好，杀鼠迷更好，实验室及现场灭鼠效果好。     

营区鼠密度调查及灭鼠效果观察

目的调查驻济南部队营区鼠密度状况,考核灭鼠效果。方法采用饱和投毒法,0.005%溴敌隆小麦毒饵连续投毒4～5 d,粉迹法测定鼠密度确定营区鼠情和灭鼠效果。结果调查21个单位不同场所营区鼠密度,阳性房间率为2.5%,粉迹法阳性率为6.2%,有18个单位灭鼠前鼠密度超过国家除"四害"灭鼠标准。营区内以招待所(12.0%)密度最高,其次是食堂、伙房(9.2%),仓库、车库(8.4%)和围墙四周(8.2%)。通过0.005%溴敌隆大面积灭鼠,对10个灭鼠单位灭效考核发现,5个单位的灭鼠率达到100%,3个单位的灭鼠率在90%以上。结论通过多年灭鼠工作,济南部队营区鼠密度能有效控制在较低水平,灭鼠效果较好。