人骨髓间充质干细胞的体外培养、鉴定及成骨分化

背景：国内外对骨髓间充质干细胞的体外成骨诱导分化研究手段、测定指标均不够全面。 目的：建立并完善一整套人骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及鉴定方法,探讨其体外成骨分化能力。 方法：采用密度梯度离心法分离培养人骨髓间充质干细胞,流式细胞仪鉴定细胞表面表型。传至第3代时更换成骨诱导培养基进行成骨分化诱导。 结果与结论：人骨髓间充质干细胞生长旺盛,传代后增殖旺盛,第3代骨髓间充质干细胞表面表型CD44、CD73、CD90表达阳性,CD34表达阴性。诱导后的成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶活性增加,Gomori、Von kossa、茜素红染色均阳性。RT-PCR检测诱导后细胞有Ⅰ型胶原、碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、骨唾液酸蛋白、骨桥蛋白及骨连接蛋白基因的表达,证明了人骨髓间充质干细胞成功向成骨方向分化。表明实验建立了一整套稳定、成熟的骨髓间充质干细胞分离、培养、扩增方案。     

C57小鼠脂肪及骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的比较

背景：研究发现,脂肪源干细胞具有和骨髓间充质干细胞一样的贴壁和形成成纤维样克隆特性,并具有向骨、脂肪、软骨等多系分化的能力。 目的：比较C57小鼠脂肪源间充质干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学特点。 方法：在无菌的条件下分别从C57小鼠的脂肪和骨髓中获取脂肪间充质干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞。体外分离、培养并将脂肪间充质干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞传至第3代,进行细胞形态、表面标记、生长动力学分化潜能测定和Notch信号相关基因的检测。 结果与结论：脂肪间充质干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞形态学相似,第3代的脂肪间充质干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞均表达CD29、CD105、Sca-1,不表达CD34、CD133,但骨髓间充质干细胞还表达CD45;生长曲线和细胞克隆分析显示脂肪间充质干细胞的增殖速度明显比骨髓间充质干细胞快;脂肪间充质干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞均可向成骨、成脂、成软骨诱导分化,脂肪间充质干细胞更易向成骨诱导;Notch相关基因检测显示脂肪源干细胞的Jagged-1表达水平明显比骨髓间充质干细胞低,而Hes-1的表达水平脂肪源干细胞明显高于骨髓间充质干细胞的表达水平。提示脂肪间充质干细胞比骨髓间充质干细胞扩增能力更强,更易向成骨分化,可能与Hes-1表达水平有关。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

全骨髓贴壁接触培养SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞

背景：体外分离培养出生长状态好、高纯度、增殖能力强和数量充足的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,是将其作为种子细胞用于组织和细胞移植的重要前提。 目的：建立简便、快速、有效的SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外分离培养方法,并观察其生物学特性。 方法：采用全骨髓法将SD大鼠双侧股骨和胫骨骨髓细胞进行体外分离培养,贴壁接种法进行细胞纯化、传代。观察细胞生长形态及特征,绘制细胞生长曲线,检测细胞表面标记物,采用体外诱导剂诱导细胞分别向成骨、成软骨、成脂方向分化。 结果与结论：全骨髓贴壁接种法分离培养的骨髓间充质干细胞生长旺盛、纯度高,细胞生长形态呈长梭形,极性排列,细胞生长呈S形生长曲线,群体倍增时间为29 h,细胞在连续传10代后仍具有较强的增殖能力。第3代骨髓间充质干细胞的表面标记物CD44、CD29、CD90均呈阳性表达,CD45、CD34、CD11b则呈阴性表达。第3代骨髓间充质干细胞分别经成骨、成软骨、成脂诱导剂诱导后,茜素红染色、碱性磷酸酶染色、von-kossa矿化结节染色、甲苯胺蓝染色和油红O染色均呈阳性。结果验证全骨髓贴壁接种法是一种简便可靠的体外分离培养方法,能获得纯度较高的骨髓间充质干细胞,经实验鉴定第3代骨髓间充质干细胞生物活性最佳,且具有多向诱导分化能力,适合作为后续实验的种子细胞。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

大鼠腹股沟脂肪间充质干细胞的分离、培养、鉴定及活体标记

背景：脂肪间充质干细胞具有来源丰富、取材方便、体外有较强增殖能力并具有多向分化的特点,有望成为骨组织工程、细胞治疗等的种子细胞。 目的：培养扩增大鼠脂肪源间充质干细胞,以活体标记并鉴定其分化潜能。 方法：无菌条件下取大鼠双侧腹股沟脂肪,Ⅰ胶原酶消化法分离培养脂肪源性干细胞,胰蛋白酶消化法传代扩增。取第3代脂肪干细胞进行流式检测HCAM、CD106、CD29、CD49D和CD34,生长曲线测定,吉姆萨染色,菲立磁标记,成脂诱导后油红O染色及成骨诱导后茜素红染色钙结节。 结果与结论：细胞呈长梭形漩涡样生长,第3代细胞流式鉴定CD29阳性,CD34、HCAM、CD49d、CD106低表达,生长曲线测定有对数生长期,平台期,菲立磁标记阳性率达80%,并且在一些诱导剂下分化为脂肪细胞及成骨细胞。提示,来源于大鼠腹股沟脂肪分离获得的脂肪源干细胞易于培养和传代扩增,并可活体标记且在特殊条件下可分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外增殖与多向分化的能力

背景:生理条件下机体内多数骨髓间充质干细胞增殖并不明显,然而在一定刺激下可表现出旺盛的有丝分裂活动,具有很强的增殖倍增能力,且体外实验表明其具有多向分化潜能。目的:进一步验证体外分离培养的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生长增殖与多向分化潜能。方法:全骨髓法体外分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,贴壁筛选法进行纯化,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态及生长特征,MTT法绘制细胞生长曲线,免疫组化法对细胞表面干细胞标志CD44进行鉴定。取传至第4代细胞,分别用成骨、成软骨、成脂肪和成神经诱导剂予以培养,通过碱性磷酸酶染色、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色、油红O染色、NeuN抗体免疫组化染色进行分化能力鉴定。结果与结论:分离培养的细胞呈长梭形或多边形,细胞生长曲线呈S形,群体倍增时间约为31h,免疫细胞化学染色后CD44呈阳性表达,CD34呈阴性。第4代骨髓间充质干细胞成骨诱导2周后出现钙盐沉积,成软骨诱导培养2周后Ⅱ型胶原检测呈阳性,成脂肪诱导培养2周后在细胞的胞浆内充满大量红色脂肪滴,成神经诱导6h后细胞出现突起,类似神经元的轴突和树突纤维,NeuN免疫组化染色呈阳性。表明体外培养的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生长增殖能力旺盛,可向成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经元样细胞方向分化。     

山羊骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及鉴定

目的分离培养山羊的问充质干细胞，并为其在骨组织工程研究中的应用奠定基础。方法应用常规的密度梯度离心法结合贴壁培养法从山羊骨髓中分离间充质干细胞，并通过观察分离培养细胞的形态，检测其表面的CD分子表达，以及RT—PCR和免疫组化病理染色方法证实成骨、成软骨、成脂肪多方向分化潜能来对细胞进行鉴定。结果分离的细胞具有成纤维细胞样形态，第三代细胞的表面分子CD29和CD44阳性率为98．70％、99．54％，而CD62L和CD45阳性率为1．10％和0．73％。RT-PCR和免疫组化病理染色证实分离细胞具有成骨、成软骨、成脂肪多方向分化潜能。结论成功地分离培养山羊的骨髓间充质干细胞，使山羊间充质干细胞应用于骨组织工程的研究成为可能。     

骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化能力可随鼠龄增长而下降

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞是理想的组织工程种子细胞来源,但是不同年龄的骨髓间充质干细胞体外增殖、分化特点有很大差异,有关年龄与骨髓间充质干细数量的关系目前尚缺少系统研究。 目的：观察不同鼠龄大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化活性的差异。 方法：通过全骨髓贴壁培养法,体外分离、纯化、扩增SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,倒置相差显微镜观察形态学特点,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标记,体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞、成软骨细胞分化并鉴定。取第3代2,4,6,8,12周龄和10,12月龄大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨诱导1,2,3周,采用酶联免疫法检测骨钙素含量。 结果与结论：体外培养的骨髓间充质干细胞为贴壁生长,长梭形成纤维细胞样细胞,可增殖形成克隆;流式细胞仪分析骨髓间充质干细胞CD29、CD90表达阳性,CD45表达阴性,CD44部分表达;经成骨分化诱导,细胞碱性磷酸酶染色阳性,茜素红染色阳性;经成软骨分化诱导,阿利辛蓝染色阳性,可见通过全骨髓贴壁法可成功地从大鼠骨髓中分离出骨髓间充质干细胞。通过不同鼠龄骨髓间充质干细胞诱导成骨分化后骨钙素含量测定得出骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化能力随鼠龄的增长而下降。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

体外定向诱导人骨髓间质干细胞分化为成骨细胞的研究

目的:建立体外定向诱导成人骨髓间质干细胞(MSC)分化为成骨细胞的模型。方法:采用Ficoll-Paque淋巴细胞分离液分离成人MSC,体外扩增,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面抗原的表达,应用地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠、vitaminC定向诱导MSC分化为成骨细胞,检测碱性磷酸酶(AP)活性、钙沉积、骨桥蛋白的表达鉴定成骨细胞,比较P3和P10代MSC成骨分化的能力。结果:MSC在体外扩增原代可获得(5-6)×10⁵个细胞,10代可获得2×10¹⁰个细胞。流式细胞仪检测结果显示CD29、CD44、CD59、CD105、CD166表达阳性,CD11a、CD14、CD33、CD34、CD45、CD38、CD80、CD86、CD117表达为阴性。加入成骨诱导剂,细胞形态发生变化,AP活性增强,骨桥蛋白表达阳性,钙沉积逐渐出现。P3和P10代的MSC均有良好的分化为成骨细胞的能力。结论:成人骨髓间质干细胞在体外可分化为成骨细胞。     

豚鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及成骨诱导

背景：利用骨髓间充质干细胞的取材灵活性及快捷性,对已掌握的培养技术及成骨诱导进一步探索性研究。 目的：通过建立豚鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的体外分离培养法,探讨豚鼠骨髓间充质干细胞表型特征以及多项分化潜能。 方法：利用贴壁培养法分离纯化豚鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,传代扩增,流式细胞分析检测细胞表面分子CD29、CD44、CD45的表达。分别采用成骨诱导培养液和成脂诱导培养液定向诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞分化。 结果与结论：原代分离的骨髓间充质干细胞在接种后96 h贴壁,细胞形态为椭圆形,多角形及短梭形,8 d时细胞呈长梭形并达到90%单层融合。经传代扩增,细胞进一步纯化,细胞形态为均一的长梭形并呈漩涡状排列,而且生长速率加快。流式细胞检测 CD29、CD44阳性率分别为95.7%和65.7%。不同诱导剂定向诱导后,经油红O、茜素红S、碱性磷酸酶染色、免疫组织化学Ι型胶原酶鉴定,P3代骨髓间充质干细胞分别向脂肪细胞及成骨细胞分化。结果表明,通过贴壁筛选方法,体外分离培养的豚鼠骨髓间充质干细胞具有很强的增殖能力,并保持稳定的表型特征及多向分化潜能。     

人脂肪来源间充质干细胞成骨及成软骨的潜能

背景：人脂肪来源间充质干细胞是种具有较强的体外增殖和多系分化能力的成体干细胞,可以从美容吸脂手术中获得,取材方便,原料来源丰富,在生物治疗应用方面蕴藏着巨大的价值。 目的：体外分离、培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞,探讨其基本生物学特性及成骨成软骨的潜能。 方法：取美容吸脂获得的脂肪组织,采用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法分离人脂肪来源间充质干细胞并进行体外培养;观察细胞形态、测定细胞周期、流式细胞仪鉴定细胞表面标志;取第3代细胞,分别加入成骨诱导培养基及成软骨诱导培养基行体外成骨及成软骨诱导。 结果与结论：体外培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞呈纤维样形态,原代细胞24 h内贴壁,培养5~7 d 后开始形成细胞集落;经细胞周期检测显示G₀/G₁,S和G₂/M所占比例分别为(88±2)%,(12±2)%和0.03%。经流式细胞仪检测CD29和CD105呈阳性表达,CD34和CD45呈阴性表达。RT-PCR检测显示,人脂肪间充质干细胞经成骨诱导分化后细胞中骨桥蛋白mRNA呈阳性表达,经软骨诱导分化后细胞中Ⅱ型胶原mRNA呈阳性表达。结果证实,实验成功体外分离、培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞,其具有向成骨细胞和软骨细胞分化的潜能。     

小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性和体外诱导分化

目的研究小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学性状和多系分化潜能。方法取Balb／c小鼠骨髓单个核细胞在低糖的培养液中培养出贴壁生长的细胞,进行形态学观察、细胞周期和免疫表型分析;在不同的因子作用下诱导向成骨细胞、软骨细胞,脂肪细胞分化,并检测诱导后细胞相应的基因表达。结果小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞贴壁生长后形态较均一,增殖能力随着传代逐渐增强,但从第8代后增殖能力明显减退。细胞表达CD29,CD38,CD44,CD106等标记,但CD34和H-2k表达阴性。在不同的诱导培养体系里间充质干细胞能分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞和脂肪细胞,相应的骨钙蛋白基因,Ⅱ型胶原基因,脂蛋白脂酶基因表达都明显增强。结论从小鼠骨髓可以分离培养出间充质干细胞,在体外有效扩增和诱导分化。表明可以以小鼠为模型研究间充质干细胞在组织工程、细胞移植、基因治疗等领域的运用。     

Matrix-mediated retention of adipogenic differentiation potential by human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during ex vivo expansion

Recently, cell-based approaches utilizing adipogenic progenitor cells for fat tissue engineering have been developed and reported to have success in promoting in vivo adipogenesis and the repair of defect sites. For autologous applications, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested as a potential cell source for adipose tissue engineering applications due to their ability to be isolated and ex vivo expanded from adult bone marrow aspirates and their versatility for pluripotent differentiation into various mesenchymal lineages including adipogenic. Due to the relatively low frequency of MSCs present within bone marrow, extensive ex vivo expansion of these cells is necessary to obtain therapeutic cell populations for tissue engineering strategies. Currently, utilization of MSCs for adipose tissue engineering is limited due to the attenuation of their adipogenic differentiation potential following extensive ex vivo expansion on conventional tissue culture plastic (TCP) substrates. In the present study, the ability of a denatured collagen type I (DC) matrix to preserve MSC adipogenic potential during ex vivo expansion was examined. Adipocyte-related markers and functions were examined in vitro in response to adipogenic culture conditions for 21 days in comparison to early passage MSCs and late passage MSCs ex vivo expanded on TCP. The results demonstrated significant preservation of the ability of late passage MSCs ex vivo expanded on the DC matrix to express adipogenic markers (fatty acid-binding protein-4, lipoprotein lipase, acyl-CoA synthetase, adipsin, facilitative glucose transporter-4, and accumulation of lipids) similar to the early passage cells and in contrast to late passage MSCs expanded on TCP. The ability of the DC matrix to preserve adipocyte-related markers and functions of MSCs following extensive ex vivo expansion represents a novel culture technique to expand functional adipogenic progenitors for tissue engineering applications.     

间充质干细胞——现代组织工程的新资源

间充质干细胞 ( mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)存在于人类、鸟类、啮齿类等生物的骨髓中 ,它具有向骨、软骨、脂肪、肌肉及肌腱等组织分化的潜能。人们可利用它的这一特性建立多种细胞或组织的体外分化模型 ,从而为人类的细胞移植或组织移植提供可能的自体资源。本文就 MSC的生物学特性、体外分离方法、向各中胚层组织的分化条件及检测作一简要综述     

Comparison of potentials of stem cells isolated from tendon and bone marrow for musculoskeletal tissue engineering

The use of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) as a cell source for musculoskeletal tissue engineering has not been compared with that of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). This study compared the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and embryonic stem cells (ESC) markers, clonogenicity, proliferative capacity, and multilineage differentiation potential of rat TDSC and BMSC in vitro. The MSC and ESC marker profiles of paired TDSC and BMSC were compared using flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Their clonogenicity and proliferative capacity were compared using colony-forming and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine assays, respectively. The expression of tenogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic markers at basal state were examined using qRT-PCR. Their osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation potentials were compared using standard assays. TDSC and BMSC showed similar expression of CD90 and CD73. TDSC expressed higher levels of Oct4 than BMSC. TDSC exhibited higher clonogenicity, proliferated faster, and expressed higher tenomodulin, scleraxis, collagen 1 α 1 (Col1A1), decorin, alkaline phosphatase, Col2A1, and biglycan messenger RNA levels than BMSC. There was higher calcium nodule formation and osteogenic marker expression in TDSC than BMSC upon osteogenic induction. More chondrocyte-like cells and higher glycosaminoglycan deposition and chondrogenic marker expression were observed in TDSC than BMSC upon chondrogenic induction. There were more oil droplets and expression of an adipogenic marker in TDSC than BMSC upon adipogenic induction. TDSC expressed higher Oct4 levels, which was reported to positively regulate mesendodermal lineage differentiation, showed higher clonogenicity and proliferative capacity, and had greater tenogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic markers and differentiation potential than BMSC. TDSC might be a better cell source than BMSC for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.     

Comparison of proliferative and multilineage differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and bone marrow

Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) have been shown to have a high proliferative potential and the capacity to differentiate into an osteogenic phenotype. HUCPVCs have thus been considered a possible extra-embryonic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) source for cell-based therapies. To assess this potential, we compared HUCPVCs to the "gold standard" bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) with respect to their proliferation, differentiation, and transfection capacities. HUCPVCs showed a higher proliferative potential than BMSCs and were capable of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. Interestingly, osteogenic differentiation of HUCPVCs proceeded more rapidly than BMSCs. Additionally, HUCPVCs expressed higher levels of CD146, a putative MSC marker, relative to BMSCs. HUCPVCs showed comparable transfection efficiency as BMSCs using a nucleofection method but were more amenable to transfection with liposomal methods (FuGENE). Gene array analysis showed that HUCPVCs also expressed Wnt signaling pathway genes that have been implicated in the regulation of MSCs. The similar characteristics between HUCPVCs and MSCs support the applicability of HUCPVCs for cell-based therapies. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.     

Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analysis of multilineage differentiated human dental pulp- and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising stem cell types due to their availability and relatively simple requirements for in vitro expansion and genetic manipulation. Besides the well-characterized MSCs derived from bone marrow, there is growing evidence suggesting that dental pulp and the umbilical cord matrix both contain a substantial amount of cells having properties similar to those of MSCs. In order to assess the potential of dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSC) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCSC) in future clinical applications, it is essential to gain more insight into their differentiation capacity and to evaluate the tissues formed by these cells. In the present study, the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of DPSC and UCSC induced towards osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages were investigated. Cultured DPSC and UCSC showed a similar expression pattern of antigens characteristic of MSCs including CD105, CD29, CD44, CD146, and STRO-1. Under appropriate culture conditions, both DPSC and UCSC showed chondrogenic and osteogenic potential. Adipogenesis could be only partially induced in DPSC resulting in the de novo expression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP), whereas UCSC expressed FABP combined with a very high accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Our results demonstrate, at the biochemical and ultrastructural level, that DPSC display at least bilineage potential, whereas UCSC, which are developmentally more primitive cells, show trilineage potential. We emphasize that transmission electron microscopical analysis is useful to elucidate detailed structural information and provides indisputable evidence of differentiation. These findings highlight their potential therapeutic value for cell-based tissue engineering.     

Matrix-mediated retention of in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential and in vivo bone-forming capacity by human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during ex vivo expansion

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive cell source for tissue engineering applications, since they are readily isolated from adult bone marrow and have the ability to differentiate along multiple mesenchymal lineages, including osteogenic. Currently, utilization of MSCs for bone tissue engineering is limited because of the attenuation of their osteogenic differentiation potential and in vivo bone-forming capacity following ex vivo expansion on conventional tissue culture plastic (TCP). Previously, we demonstrated that a denatured type I collagen (DC) matrix promotes the maintenance of MSC in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential during ex vivo expansion in contrast to TCP. In this study, we further demonstrate that the maintenance of MSC osteogenic differentiation potential is primarily due to the ability of DC matrix to influence the retention of early passage osteogenic functions in late passage (LP) cells during ex vivo expansion, in contrast to solely enhancing attenuated LP cellular functions during osteogenic differentiation. Serum-associated factors played a significant role in influencing the retention of MSC osteogenic differentiation potential during expansion on the DC matrix. Significantly, the results show that although LP cells expanded ex vivo on TCP highly attentuate their in vivo bone-forming capacity, the expansion of MSCs on DC matrix preserves this ability as determined by histological, histomorphometric, and bone mineral density evaluations of MSC-seeded hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds following an 8-week implantation period within a heterotopic muscle pouch model. These findings provide further insight into the importance of matrix-mediated effects on MSC function and selective factors important in this process.     

Isolation and characterization of chorionic mesenchymal stromal cells from human full term placenta

This study focused on the characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from the chorion of human full term placenta from 15 donors. Chorionic MSCs revealed homologous fibroblast-like morphology and expressed CD73, CD29, CD105, and CD90. The hematopoietic stem cell markers including HLA DR, CD11b, CD34, CD79a, and CD45 were not expressed. The growth kinetics of their serial passage was steady at the later passages (passage 10). The multilineage capability of chorionic MSCs was demonstrated by successful adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and associated gene expression. Chorionic MSCs expressed genes associated with undifferentiated cells (NANOG, OCT4, REX1) and cardiogenic or neurogenic markers such as SOX2, FGF4, NES, MAP2, and NF. TERT was negative in all the samples. These findings suggest that chorionic MSCs undifferentiated stem cells and less likely to be transformed into cancer cells. A low HLA DR expression suggests that chorionic MSCs may serve as a great source of stem cells for transplantation because of their immune-privileged status and their immunosuppressive effect. Based on these unique properties, it is concluded that chorionic MSCs are pluripotent stem cells that are probably less differentiated than BM-MSCs, and they have considerable potential for use in cell-based therapies.