五例骨髓增殖性疾病误诊为心脑血管疾病

一、病例:例1:患者,女,73岁,因头痛就诊于神经内科,颅脑CT示脑出血,外周血白细胞计数.100×109/L,以中性粒细胞为主,幼稚粒细胞占20%,嗜碱性粒细胞增多,原始细胞占4%,红细胞计数4.2×109/L,血小板计数440×109/L.骨髓增生极度活跃,以中性中幼粒细胞、晚幼粒细胞、杆状核粒细胞增多为主,原始细胞8%,中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分为0,诊断为慢性粒细胞白血病,后转血液内科,经用羟基脲、干扰素、小剂量阿糖胞苷治疗及对症处理.外周血细胞恢复正常.症状基本消失,病情稳定.     

成人Still病13例死亡病例的相关因素分析

目的:总结成人still病(AOSD)死亡患者的临床特点及相关因素,为其诊断和治疗提供临床经验。方法:对13例死亡AOSD和37例好转AOSD患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:AOSD死亡组表现为腹痛、浆膜炎、肝功能损伤以及心肺受累的患者显著高于好转组(P0.05)。2组外周血白细胞计数、血小板计数、血清铁蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶以及降钙素原存在显著的差异(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析提示血小板计数降低及血清铁蛋白含量明显增高者更倾向于为高危患者,死亡风险较大。根据ROC曲线分析得出:血清铁蛋白45064.5μg/L(特异性91.7%,敏感性61.5%),PLT135.5×10~9/L(灵敏度为0.838,特异度为0.923)AOSD患者死亡的危险性增大。结论:PLT135.5×10~9/L或血清铁蛋白45064.5μg/L的患者可能存在较高死亡风险。     

外周血中性粒细胞计数与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性研究

目的:研究中老年人群中外周血中性粒细胞计数与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)的相关性。方法:采用横断面研究,在上海市嘉定区纳入40岁以上居民进行问卷调查,测定其CIMT值和外周血中性粒细胞水平,分析外周血中性粒细胞水平与其两侧CIMT中较大值的相关性。CIMT≥0.7 mm定义为CIMT增厚。结果:纳入受试者共2 496名。中性粒细胞计数平均为(3.59±1.34)×109/L,CIMT平均为(0.58±0.12)mm。随着中性粒细胞计数四分位水平的升高,CIMT增厚的患病率亦随之升高(趋势P=0.000 1)。校正性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压、餐后2 h血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇后,中性粒细胞计数与CIMT呈显著正相关(β=0.000 511,P=0.001 8)。校正全部因素后,随着中性粒细胞计数水平的增高,CIMT增厚的患病风险逐渐增加,且中性粒细胞计数的第4四分位组(>4.238×109/L)相对于第1四分位组(≤2.671×109/L),CIMT增厚的患病风险增加55%[比值比(OR)=1.55,95%可信区间(CI):1.13~2.14,P=0.000 6]。结论:中老年人群中,中性粒细胞计数升高与CIMT增厚呈显著正相关,中性粒细胞是CIMT的独立危险因素。     

免疫性粒细胞减少症的诊断及治疗

免疫性粒细胞减少症是指免疫性中性粒细胞减少症(immuneneutropenia),系一组因中性粒细胞抗体介导的粒细胞减少(<10岁儿童外周血中性粒细胞绝对值低于1·5×109/L,成人低于2·0×109/L)和粒细胞缺乏症(中性粒细胞绝对值低于0·5×109/L)。因患者体内存在中性粒细胞特异性抗原的抗体,导致中性粒细胞在外周血或通过脾脏破坏,或由补体介导的中性粒细胞溶解作用,使粒细胞减少[1]。大多数患者的抗体是作用于成熟中性粒细胞,因此患者的骨髓象大多呈增生象伴粒细胞系“成熟障碍”,但也有少数患者的抗体可直接作用于粒细胞系的前体细胞,导致严重粒…     

41例白血病患者预防性输注血小板临床观察

目的观察白血病患者预防性输注机采血小板的效果。方法 41例白血病患者,采用ABO同型输注机采血小板,且均在30 min内输注完毕。按照输血小板前血小板计数分为A组(血小板计数<10×109/L)、B组[血小板计数为(10~20)×109/L],对两组患者输注机采血小板的效果进行观察分析。结果 41例白血病患者共预防性输注机采血小板126例次,输注后有效率均达到80%。A、B组分别预防性输注66、60例次,输注前血小板计数分别为(6.29±2.02)×109/L、(13.07±2.95)×109/L,输注后血小板计数分别为(21.71±11.37)×109/L、(28.12±11.72)×109/L,输注后24 h血小板增加校正指数(CCI)分别为(12.54±8.94)×109/L、(13.38±10.16)×109/L,有效率分别为80.3%、80.0%,两组输注后24 h CCI及有效率比较差异无统计学意义。结论白血病患者预防性输注机采血小板可提高其血液中的血小板数量,能够有效预防出血;以10×109/L作为白血病患者预防性输注阈值安全有效。     

冠心病患者血液学指数和心肌血流储备分数的相关性

目的评估冠心病患者血液学指数与心肌血流储备分数(FFR)的相关性。方法纳入177例患者共267处病变,平均年龄(58±10)岁。按FFR值分成FFR≤0.75组和FFR>0.75组。采用相关分析、ROC曲线分析和Logistic回归分析判断血液学指数和FFR的关系。结果 FFR≤0.75组和FFR>0.75组患者的白细胞计数(WBC)[(8.6±1.6)×109/L比(6.6±1.3)×109/L,P<0.001]、中性粒细胞计数[(5.9±1.7)×109/L比(3.9±1.5)×109/L,P<0.001]、平均血小板体积(MPV)[(10.65±1.08)f L比(9.64±1.44)f L,P<0.001]、病变类型(P<0.001)和Gensini评分[24.0(12.5,34.8)比12.0(8.0,20.0),P<0.001]比较,差异均有统计学意义,且WBC(r=-0.57,P<0.001)、中性粒细胞计数(r=-0.56,P<0.001)、MPV(r=-0.42,P<0.001)和Gensini评分(r=-0.39,P<0.001)与FFR存在不同程度的相关性。ROC曲线分析提示,WBC≥8.99×109/L、中性粒细胞计数≥6.19×109/L、MPV≥10.15 f L和Gensini评分≥19分时对FFR值≤0.75有一定的判断价值。Logistic回归分析显示,WBC(OR 1.660,95%CI 1.153~2.435,P=0.001)、MPV(OR 1.658,95%CI 1.186~2.309,P=0.003)和Gensini评分(OR 1.171,95%CI 1.020~1.223,P=0.005)为心肌血流储备功能的影响因素。结论 WBC、MPV和Gensini评分与冠心病患者心肌血流储备功能存在相关性,可为初步判断心肌血流储备功能提供依据。     

难治性成人斯蒂尔病的临床相关因素分析

目的 探讨难治性成人斯蒂尔病(AOSD)的临床特点及相关因素,为其诊断和治疗提供临床经验.方法 对15例难治性AOSD和60例轻症AOSD进行回顾性分析.先将研究变量做单因素分析,再将有意义的计数资料型变量进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,对有意义的计量资料型变量绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC).结果 临床症状中,难治性AOSD组浆膜炎和心肺受累发生频率和外周血白细胞计数和C反应蛋门(CRP)值显著高于轻症AOSD组.Logistic回归分析提示,心肺受累的患者更倾向于难治性AOSD.根据ROC曲线分析得出:CRP≥182.5 mg/L(特异性98.3%,敏感性86.7%)或白细胞计数＞23.4×10~9/L(特异性93.3%,敏感性80.0%)时,难治性AOSD的可能性较大.结论 伴有心肺受累,白细胞≥23.4×10~9/L或CRP≥182.5 mg/L的AOSD患者可能是难治性AOSD.     

急性心肌梗死斑块破裂光学相干断层成像特征与外周血白细胞计数的关系

目的研究急性心肌梗死斑块破裂光学相干断层成像(OCT)特征与外周血白细胞计数的关系。方法连续入选阜外医院因急性心肌梗死(AMI)行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)并在血栓抽吸后行OCT证实斑块破裂的33例患者。搜集患者人口学资料、危险因素、既往病史、冠状动脉造影资料、OCT影像特征和围术期实验室检查结果。结果 33例患者中,纤维帽厚度65μm患者淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数和嗜碱性粒细胞计数[(2.31±0.86)×10~9/L比(1.57±0.80)×10~9/L;(0.57±0.08)×10~9/L比(0.44±0.14)×10~9/L;(0.05±0.03)×10~9/L比(0.03±0.02)×10~9/L]明显高于纤维帽厚度≤65μm患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。有胆固醇结晶组嗜酸性粒细胞计数低于无胆固醇结晶患者[(0.04±0.06)×10~9/L比(0.10±0.09)×109/L,P=0.028];前者的中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值显著高于后者[(8.35±6.13)比(4.97±2.01),P=0.020]。具有白血栓的患者淋巴细胞计数高于无白血栓组(P=0.038)。钙化斑块患者单核细胞计数明显高于无钙化斑块患者(P0.05)。有巨噬细胞浸润患者血小板/淋巴细胞比值明显升高[(165.72±85.93)比(113.47±19.13),P0.05)]。OCT特征数量的增加,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数水平逐渐升高,但仅单核细胞计数水平的升高差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。结论外周血白细胞计数水平可能与AMI患者斑块破裂的OCT特征有关,提示炎症水平与斑块破裂有关。     

系统性免疫炎症指数与胃癌根治术后患者预后的相关性研究

目的基于外周血中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和血小板计数计算系统性免疫炎症指数(SII),探讨其预测胃癌根治术后患者预后的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2012年1月1日至2015年1月1日于河北医科大学第四医院外三科行根治性手术治疗的2 273例胃癌患者资料,根据公式[SII=中性粒细胞计数(×109/L)×血小板计数(×109/L)/淋巴细胞计数(×109/L)]计算SII值。根据利用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)确定的SII最佳临界值将患者分为高SII组和低SII组,采用卡方检验比较两组患者的临床病理特征和预后情况。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,采用log-rank检验进行单因素生存分析,采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素生存分析。分别绘制术前SII、病理TNM分期和两者联合预测患者预后和复发的ROC,并通过计算曲线下面积(AUC)值比较三者的预测效能。结果根据ROC确定SII的最佳临界值为589.5,高SII(SII≥589.5)组1 180例(51.91%),低SII(SII<589.5)组1 093例(48.09%)。与低SII组相比,高SII组胃癌患者的肿瘤最大径多≥...     

国产氯吡格雷与进口氯吡格雷在冠状动脉支架术后抗血小板治疗的疗效对比

目的对比分析国产氯吡格雷与进口氯吡格雷在冠状动脉支架术后抗血小板治疗的疗效。方法选取2015年4月13日至2016年4月13日期间我院收治的100例冠状动脉支架术患者,将其抽签化分组,两组各有50例,对照组和观察组分别采用国产氯吡格雷治疗和进口氯吡格雷治疗。结果观察组ALT为(48.74±29.52)μ/L,ALP为(74.69±25.22)μ/L,TG为(1.39±0.22)g/L,AFP为(6.61±2.42)μmg/L,血小板计数为(270.69±10.96)×109/L,粒细胞计数为(8.65±1.78)×109/L,总不良反应发生率为(4.00%),随访一年后不良事件发生率为(10.00%);而对照组ALT为(48.97±29.54)μ/L,ALP为(74.61±24.43)μ/L,TG为(1.32±0.62)g/L,AFP为(6.23±1.51)μmg/L,血小板计数为(270.18±10.43)×109/L,粒细胞计数为(8.41±1.33)×109/L,总不良反应发生率为(6.00%),随访一年后不良事件发生率为(8.00%),两组对比各项指标均不存在差异性(P0.05)。结论国产氯吡格雷与进口氯吡格雷疗效相当,均可提高冠状动脉支架术患者治疗安全性。     

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an adjunct to autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the hemopoietic effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients having autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. DESIGN: Placebo or GM-CSF was administered after bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation or both in a randomized, double-blind phase III trial by daily intravenous infusion (10 micrograms/kg body weight) until absolute neutrophil counts reached greater than or equal to 1000/mm3 on 3 consecutive days. SETTING: Bone marrow transplantation unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty-nine consecutive patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma received GM-CSF (36 patients) or placebo (33 patients). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients who received GM-CSF achieved absolute neutrophil counts greater than or equal to 500/mm3 (median, 12 compared with 16 days, P = 0.02) and absolute neutrophil counts greater than or equal to 1000/mm3 (median, 15 compared with 24 days, P less than 0.001) more quickly than patients who received placebo. Multivariate analysis indicated that use of GM-CSF, peripheral blood stem cells, and unpurged bone marrow were the strongest predictors for early neutrophil recovery greater than 500/mm3. Bacterial infections were significantly reduced in the GM-CSF group (P = 0.04). Delayed engraftment (neutrophils less than 500/mm3 at day 30) occurred in 26% and 17% of the placebo and GM-CSF groups, respectively, and correlated with the absence of detectable myeloid progenitor cells (colony-forming units-granulocyte macrophage, CFU-GM) (P less than 0.001) in marrow aspirate specimens obtained on day 15. Time to platelet independence, duration of hospital stay, severe adverse reactions, relapse, and disease-free survival rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of GM-CSF after autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with lymphoma resulted in accelerated myeloid recovery, particularly in patients who received peripheral blood stem cells and nonpurged bone marrow, and was associated with a decreased incidence of bacterial infections.     

Clonal T cell-mediated cyclic thrombocytopenia

Cyclic thrombocytopenia is a rare disorder characterized by periodic platelet count fluctuations of unknown aetiology. We report on a female patient with cyclic changes of platelet counts ranging from 6 x 10(9)/l to 753 x 10(9)/l in 4-week intervals. Platelet counts were inversely correlated to thrombopoietin levels suggesting production failure. Reticulocyte counts and neutrophil counts showed similar, but less prominent, fluctuations. Clonal T-cell receptor rearrangement was detected in bone marrow samples as well as in peripheral blood. Cell typing of blood lymphocytes revealed a relative increase in CD3+ T cells. Treatment with cyclosporine A resulted in a substantial improvement of platelet counts. Taken together, we provide evidence for clonal T-cell mediated bone marrow failure with cyclic impairment of thrombopoiesis responsive to cyclosporine therapy.     

Effects of rhG-CSF on neutrophil functions and bone marrow parameters in diabetic rats

Neutrophils have an important role in the host defense. The elevated serum glucose levels of diabetics affect traditional host defenses such as neutrophil counts and functions. The causes of these impairments are not clear. We aimed to investigate changes of peripheral neutrophil counts and functions and their relation with bone marrow cells in diabetic rats. Thirty-two rats were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 were controls and Groups 2 and 4 were made diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was injected subcutaneously into Groups 3 and 4. White blood cell count, neutrophil counts and function and bone marrow cell count were determined. Peripheral blood cell counts, neutrophil phagocytosis index were decreased but neutrophil adhesivity index was not different in the diabetes-induced group. There was a difference in circulating white blood cell counts and neutrophil counts between the rhG-CSF treated and non-treated groups. The phagocytosis index of neutrophil in diabetic rats was significantly diminished by rhG-CSF treatment. A hyperplasia of early cells of the myeloid series in G-CSF treated groups was observed when compared with those of nontreated groups (p<0.001). A significant decrease was noted in the number of mature marrow segmented cells diabetic groups (p<0.001). Finally, G-CSF has been shown to cause neutrophilia by acting as a releasing factor for mature marrow neutrophils in diabetic rats. These results suggest that G-CSF may be used to improve nonspecific immunity in diabetic patients.     

Lithium and hematopoietic toxicity. III. In vivo recovery of hematopoiesis following single-dose administration of cyclophosphamide

Studies are described that demonstrate the ability of lithium (Li) to enhance total peripheral blood neutrophil, platelet and stem cell (CFU-S, CFU-MIX, CFU-GM and CFU-MEG) populations from mice administered cyclophosphamide (CTX). Mice were preinjected on each of 3 consecutive days with ultrapure lithium carbonate (Li2CO3, 35 micrograms/kg b.w.) before receiving CTX (200 mg/kg, b.w.). Control groups were preinjected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) before receiving CTX. On days 1, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 following CTX, 3 mice from each group were sacrificed. Peripheral blood was obtained and examined for their packed red cell volume, white blood cell differential and platelet counts. Bone marrow and spleen cells were harvested and assayed for their stem cell content (CFU-S, CFU-MIX, CFU-GM, and CFU-MEG). Mice receiving Li prior to CTX did not develop thrombocytopenia and their absolute granulocyte counts recovered more rapidly when compared to CTX-PBS controls. Li-CTX bone marrow CFU-S and CFU-MIX were not as severely depressed when compared to the CTX-PBS controls. Li-CTX splenic-derived CFU-GM and CFU-MEG were increased significantly when compared to CTX-PBS controls and their rate of recovery was greater than that observed from bone marrow. These results demonstrate and confirm the capability of Li to accelerate hematopoietic recovery following the use of agents known to suppress hematopoiesis.     

Peripheral blood stem cells collected in very early remission produce rapid and sustained autologous haemopoietic reconstitution in acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia

Haemopoietic reconstitution was achieved in a patient with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL) in relapse who was autografted with blood-derived stem cells collected during very early remission. The patient received a myeloid progenitor cell dose of 230 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg body weight. Engraftment was evident in the bone marrow 7 days post-graft. Normal neutrophil and platelet counts were attained by day 14 and blood counts remained normal thereafter. An overshoot in peripheral blood haemopoietic progenitor levels occurred at the end of the second week, presumably the progeny of a family of early progenitor cells. The completeness of haemopoietic reconstitution is further illustrated by the satisfactory nucleated cell and myeloid progenitor cell yield when a bone marrow harvest was performed 4 1/2 months post-graft. Seven months post-graft, the patient remained in complete remission with normal blood counts and bone marrow cellularity, although haemopoietic progenitor levels were slightly reduced. The rapid recovery minimises aplasia-related risks and suggests that such autografting can be carried out safely in first remission. We propose that autografting using very early remission blood cells is a new therapeutic option for patients with acute ANLL.     

Recombinant humanized anti-IL-2 receptor antibody (daclizumab) produces responses in patients with moderate aplastic anemia

In contrast to severe aplastic anemia (sAA), the appropriate management of patients with moderate pancytopenia is unclear. In this study, we examined the efficacy of a humanized monoclonal antibody recognizing interleukin-2 receptor (daclizumab), which has proven to be a successful immunosuppressive agent in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation. We treated 17 patients with moderate aplastic anemia (mAA) with 1 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 3 months. mAA was defined as depression of 2 of the 3 blood counts: absolute neutrophil count 1200/mm3 or less, platelet count 70,000/mm3 or less, hemoglobin level 8.5 g/dL or lower, and absolute reticulocyte count 60,000/mm3 or less. The primary end point of our protocol was a hematologic response in at least one affected peripheral blood value. Daclizumab had little toxicity. Six of the 16 (38%) evaluable patients responded to treatment. Two patients with previously chronic disease showed complete return of normal counts, which were sustained for more than 2 years following treatment. Four patients had single-lineage responses. Two previously transfusion-dependent patients became transfusion independent; one patient with many neutropenia-related infections had a normal neutrophil count following treatment. Daclizumab appears safe; its efficacy in this pilot protocol suggests that expanded study of this monoclonal antibody in immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndrome is warranted.     

Hematopoietic recovery following high-dose combined alkylating-agent chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support in patients in phase-I clinical trials of colony-stimulating factors: G-CSF,GM-CSF,IL-1, IL-2, M-CSF

Summary Hematopoietic recovery in 115 patients with metastatic breast cancer or metastatic melanoma, enrolled in phase-I studies of recombinant growth factors while undergoing treatment with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support, was examined with assays of bone marrow progenitor cells and peripheral blood progenitor cells, and by evaluation of peripheral blood counts. Groups of patients receiving hematopoietic cytokine support [with interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), or monocyte CSF (M-CSF)] post marrow infusion were compared with contemporaneous control patients not receiving growth factor support. Patients receiving GM-CSF demonstrated statistically significant increases in the growth of granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood compared with control patients. The effect of GM-CSF was dose dependent in the early period post marrow infusion (day +6) with bone marrow CFU-GM colonies at doses 8–16 g/kg/ day 34 times those measured in controls. Significant increases in bone marrow multipotential progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM) were seen in patients receiving GMCSF day + 21 post marrow infusion. Patients receiving IL-1 demonstrated significant increases in bone marrow CFU-GM at day +21, maximal at dosages of 24–32 ng/kg/day. There were no significant increases in burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) among any study group. Patients receiving G-CSF had significantly increased absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and total white blood cell counts (WBC) by day +11 post transplant compared with control patients. Patients receiving GM-CSF demonstrated significantly increased WBC (greater than 2000/mm³) at day +11 and ANC greater than 500/mm³ at day +16. Optimal dose of GCSF and GM-CSF to stimulate neutrophil recovery post transplant was 4–8 g/kg/day and 8–16 g/kg/day, respectively. Platelet recovery did not differ among the six study groups. These data demonstrate accelerated myeloid recovery after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support in patients receiving either G-CSF or GM-CSF. Moreover, GM-CSF and IL-1 stimulate myelopoiesis at the level of bone marrow CFU-GM, while G-CSF causes earlier neutrophil recovery peripherally.This work has been supported in part by The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, grant P01CA47741. Joanne Kurtzberg, MD is a scholar of the Leukemia Society of America     

Effects of recombinant human interleukin-11 on hematopoietic reconstitution in transplant mice: acceleration of recovery of peripheral blood neutrophils and platelets

We have examined the effects of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL- 11) on the recovery of peripheral blood cell counts and proliferation of progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells (day 12 colony-forming units-spleen-CFU-S12) in vivo using a mouse bone marrow (BM) and spleen cell transplantation model. Recovery of leukocytes was accelerated in animals receiving daily administration of rhIL-11 (100 micrograms/kg/d) and reached normal levels by day 14 posttransplantation. This increased total leukocyte count reflected mainly an increase in neutrophils. Neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 1,500) was present in control transplant mice for 14 to 15 days, while in the rhIL-11-treated group, neutrophils recovered to normal by days 8 to 10 and continued to increase until day 19. Animals treated with rhIL-11 had only 1 day with ANC demonstrated < 500. Correspondingly, rhIL-11 treatment increased granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) derived from both spleen and BM cells. Higher doses of IL-11 increased CFU-GM nearly threefold and CFU-Mix fourfold to fivefold, while increasing burst-forming units- erythroid to a lesser degree. BM and spleen cellularity were both increased in IL-11-treated mice, but no increase in CFU-S12 was noted. In addition, in vivo daily administration of IL-11 increased peripheral platelet counts by threefold over control transplant mice at day 10 posttransplantation during the post-irradiation platelet nadir. Further treatment led to platelet counts higher than normal 18 days posttransplantation when control animals had just attained normal platelet counts. IL-11 can accelerate the recovery of the peripheral blood leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, and platelets in transplant mice, effects that may be clinically useful in future applications for BM transplantation and chemotherapy-related cytopenias.     

The degree of bone marrow infiltration in patients with hairy cell leukemia treated with splenectomy compatible with long-term hematological remission

To determine the degree of bone marrow infiltration with hairy cells which is compatible with long-term hematological remission in patients treated with splenectomy, we have investigated 7 patients surviving in hematological remission 61 to 255 months (median 184 months) after splenectomy. As hematological remission has been considered absence of hairy cells (HCs) in the peripheral blood, normalization of peripheral blood cell counts (hemoglobin 120 g/l, white cell count 4.0 x 10(9)/l, absolute granulocyte count 1.5 x 10(9)/l, platelet count 100 x 10(9)/l) and absence of lymfadenopathy and any other activity of the disease. For detection of HCs a very sensitive method of immunostaining with monoclonal antibody DBA.44 in our own modification has been used. Low values of sIL-2R which is considered to be a non invasive marker of tumor burden and activity in HCL were in agreement with the opinion that the bone marrow was the only locality of tumor involvement in splenectomized patients. Infiltration up to 20% with HCs (range 4% to 20%, median 10%) was found to be compatible with long-term hematological remission and long-term overall survival. Patient (No 1) with 30% infiltration of bone marrow with HCs, still normal peripheral blood cell counts, but a very high level of sIL-2R represents extraordinary finding which has been discussed in details.     

Long-term marrow reconstitutive ability of autologous grafts in lymphoma patients using peripheral blood mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor compared to bone marrow

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was designed to compare the in vivo long-term hematopoietic potential of bone marrow and peripheral blood grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Marrow progenitor cell recovery was assessed for up to 4 years in 227 patients. One hundred patients were treated for malignant lymphomas by autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and 127 by peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT). RESULTS: Marrow progenitor cell counts were decreased for several years with both bone marrow and peripheral blood grafts. They were not different according to the origin of the graft, despite the reduced duration of peripheral blood cell recovery observed after PBPCT. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) used for PB graft mobilization and after transplantation resulted in faster neutrophil recovery compared to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with no evidence of decreased marrow progenitor cell recoveries. On the other hand, postgraft administration of GM-CSF enhanced long-term colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage reconstitution only after BMT. Factors that influenced marrow progenitor cell reconstitution have been identified by univariate and multivariate analysis: age, gender, type of lymphoma, and postgraft administration of hematopoietic growth factors (HGF) for the whole patient group; gender, graft progenitor cell yields, and type of HGF (G-CSF vs GM-CSF) for the PBPCT group; and only type of HGF for the BMT group.Despite faster peripheral blood cell recovery, persistent deficiency of marrow progenitor cells was found several years after PBPCT, as observed after BMT. G-CSF-mobilized PBPCT resulted in faster neutrophil recovery compared to GM-CSF mobilization, with no difference in long-term hematopoietic reconstitution.