可溶性syndecan-1 对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞体外的生物学作用

目的：研究可溶性ｓｙｎｄｅｃａｎ－１（ＣＤ１３８）分子对人多发性骨髓瘤（ＭＭ）细胞生长行为的影响及其机制。方法：用亲和层析法分离可溶性ｓｙｎｄｅｃａｎ－１;借助＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入、间接免疫荧光、ＡＮＮＥＸＩＮ－Ｖ及ＰＩ标记分析ＭＭ细胞增殖、凋亡周期变化。结果：（１）从ＸＧ－２细胞培养上清中分离纯化得到分子量为６０ｋＤ左右的可溶性ｓｙｎｄｅｃａｎ－１分子;（２）可溶性ｓｙｎｄｅｃａｎ－１分子在体外能抑制ＸＧ－１增殖,阻滞细胞增殖停留在Ｇ２／Ｍ期。并介导其凋亡;ＦＧＦ、５％小牛血清、肝素酶Ⅲ可逆转一定浓度可溶性ｓｙｎ－ｄｅｃａｎ－１的作用,ＨＧＦ、ＶＥＧＦ和ＩＧＦ－１可部分逆转可溶性ｓｙｎｄｅｃａｎ－１分子对细胞的生长抑制作用;（３）ＩＬ－６及激发型抗ＩＬ－６Ｒ１３０（ｇｐ１３０）单抗对可溶性ｓｙｎｄｅｃａｎ－１ｗ     

平滑肌活性对兔肠系膜上静脉环箍应力应变关系的影响

将１４只家兔的肠系膜上静脉（ＳＭＶ）随机分为两组：Ⅰ（正常组）和Ⅱ（平滑肌失活组）。通过充压试验结果表明：兔ＳＭＶ环箍应力应变关系为指数函数关系，平滑肌活性对兔ＳＭＶ材料常数Ｘ２有明显影响，材料常数Ｘ２组间比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０－０５），材料常数Ｘ１组间比较差异无显著性。认为Ｘ２是平滑肌活性参数。     

血栓素A2、肿瘤坏死因子和地塞米松对兔气道平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－α）、地塞米松（Ｄｅｘ）对气管平滑肌细胞（ＡＳＭＣ）增生的影响。方法：［３Ｈ］－ＴｄＲ掺入法及细胞计数检测上述因素作用下体外培养ＡＳＭＣ增生过程。结果：ＴＸＡ２可刺激ＡＳＭＣ增生,ＴＮＦ－α能抑制ＴＸＡ２的促增生作用,Ｄｅｘ又可使ＴＮＦ－α的抑增生作用消失。结论：ＴＸＡ２、ＴＮＦ－α在ＡＳＭＣ增生中起重要作用,Ｄｅｘ在治疗哮喘过程中,有可能加重ＡＳＭＣ的增生。     

IFN—γ抑制血管成形术后兔血管平滑肌细胞增殖和PDGF—A的表达

目的和方法：采用体外细胞培养，进行氚标胸腺嘧啶核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入和原位杂交。结果：发现γ－干扰素（ＩＦＮ－γ）能抑制体外培养新西兰兔血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）的ＤＮＡ合成和血小板衍化生长因子Ａ链（ＰＤＧＦ－Ａ）的基因表达；整体实验中，用４ＦＦｏｇａｒｔｙ导管气囊拉伤新西兰兔的腹主动脉内皮后，随即连续肌注ＩＦＮ－γ（１６５万Ｕ·ｋｇ１·ｄ１）３天，结果发现肌注ＩＦＮ－γ能明显抑制受损部位ＶＳＭＣ的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ的标记率及ＰＤＧＦ－Ａ的表达。结论：ＩＦＮ－γ对血管成形术引起的血管挛缩有一定的舒张作用。     

滋养层细胞膜免疫特性研究

为探讨滋养层细胞膜的免疫调节作用及ＴＬＸ与ＣＤ４６的关系，我们用超声破碎、差速离心制备滋养层细胞膜（ＳｔＭＰＭ）。经酶学分析、电镜观察、ＭＨＣ抗原和β＿２微球蛋白测定及与标准抗ＴＬＸ抗体的反应，证实所分离的膜成份纯度、细胞特异性和抗原性。ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＦＡＣＳ竞争抑制试验表明兔抗ＭＣＰ对兔抗ＴＬＸ抗体的竞争抑制率为５２．３％；兔抗ＴＬＸ基本上能阻断ＴＲＡ－２－１０、ＣＢ－２４（均识别ＣＤ４６）与淋巴细胞的结合。但反之则不然。说明ＴＬＸ标准抗体能识别ＣＤ４６以外的抗原。向培养系统中加入ＳｔＭＰＭ．能特异地、剂量依赖性地抑制丝列原诱发的淋巴细胞增殖、ＩＬ－２与ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ分泌、ＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的表达；抑制混合淋巴细胞培养、Ｂ细胞ＩｇＧ的分泌、蜕膜ＮＫ和蜕膜、外周血ＬＡＫ的杀伤活性，但对外周血ＮＫ无抑制作用。核酸杂交显示对ＩＬ－２Ｒａ、ＴＣＲ－βｍＲＮＡ转录无显著影响，但能促进ＰＢＬ、ＪｕｒｋａｔＴＧＦ－βｍＲＮＡ的转录。从分子水平表明滋养层细胞膜具有广泛的免疫调节作用，为滋养层细胞在母胎免疫中的重要作用提供了新的实验依据。     

细胞凋亡调控因素有关基因的研究

抑制细胞凋亡的基因主要是Ｂｃｌ－２基因和Ｂｃｌ－２相关基因（Ｂｃｌ－ＸＬ，ＭＣＬ－１），其编码的蛋白质能抑制细胞凋亡和延长细胞寿命，其抑细胞凋亡作用以Ｂｃｌ－２最为重要。促进细胞凋亡基因或因素较多，主要有Ｂｃｌ－２相关基因（Ｂａｘ，Ｂｃｌ－Ｘｓ）、ｐ５３肿瘤抑制基因、ｃ－ｍｙｃ原癌基因、ＴＧＦ－β、Ｆａｓ抗原及其配体，其中Ｂａｘ基因、ｐ５３基因与Ｂｃｌ－２基因在细胞凋亡的调控作用方面密切相关     

抗CD4及抗CXCR4抗体阻断HIV—1感染细胞作用的研究

为探讨抗ＣＤ４ 及抗ＣＸＣＲ４ 抗体在阻断Ｉ型人免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ－ １） 感染应用中的意义, 本文应用上述两种抗体分别与ＳｕｐＴ１ 细胞及人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ） 共培育, 以封闭ＨＩＶ－ １ 在上述细胞上的受体。然后, 以ＨＩＶ１ ＮＬ４３ 病毒株感染上述细胞, 通过测定感染细胞上清中ＨＩＶ－ １ 的Ｐ２４ 蛋白含量, 观察上述抗体对ＨＩＶ－ １ 感染细胞的阻断作用。结果显示, 无论是抗ＣＤ４ 或抗ＣＸＣＲ４ 的抗体单独应用或是两者联合应用, 均可明显地抑制ＨＩＶ－ １ 感染细胞的作用。该结果为今后开拓ＡＩＤＳ的抗体治疗提供了理论基础。     

促肝细胞生长素抗乙型肝炎病毒的体外效应观察

促肝细胞生长素抗乙型肝炎病毒的体外效应观察彭齐荣，余宙耀，李灼亮，涂荫国促肝细胞生长素（ＰＨＧＦ）已广泛地用于临床，但有无抗病毒作用目前尚无结论，我们以转染乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）的ＨｅｐＧ２细胞（２２１５细胞）为模型，探讨其体外抗－ＨＢＶ的活性。ＰＨ...     

蜂毒多肽BVI-2对T细胞及THP-1细胞功能的影响

目的：探讨蜂毒多肽ＢＶＩ中有效的抗炎成份及其作用机制。方法：观察蜂毒多肽对小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化、ＩＬ－１合成及ＴＨＰ－１细胞合成ＴＮＦα的影响。结果：蜂毒多肽ＢＶ、ＢＶＩ、ＢＶＩ－２可抑制ＣｏｎＡ（２．５μｇ／ｍｌ）诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化、ＩＬ－１合成及ＰＭＡ（１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ）诱导的ＴＨＰ－１细胞合成ＴＮＦα。结论：利用高效液相色谱相分离得到的蜂毒多肽ＢＶＩ－２具有一定的抗炎作用。     

红细胞生成素3'-增强子片段对内皮细胞缺氧时环加氧酶-2基因表达的影响

目的和方法：体外合成红细胞生成素（Ｅｐｏ）３′－增强子野生型及突变型片段，借助脂质体，转入内皮细胞，用半定量ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法测定分离细胞在常氧或缺氧条件下培养４ｈ的环加氧酶２（ＣＯＸ－２）ｍＲＮＡ。结果：（１）大鼠主动脉内皮细胞、肺微血管内皮细胞在常氧下培养，有ＣＯＸ－２基因表达；（２）缺氧能诱导这两种细胞ＣＯＸ－２基因表达增加；（３）野生型Ｅｐｏ３′－增强子片段能阻断缺氧对内皮细胞ＣＯＸ－２基因表达的诱导作用，而突变片段则无此作用。结论：在ＣＯＸ－２基因序列中，可能存在Ｅｐｏ３′－端增强子片段，它参与了内皮细胞的缺氧反应     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.