Oral cancer

In the U.S. oral cancer accounts for 2.1% of all cancers and 1% of cancer deaths. Two to three times as many males as females are affected. Blacks have more intra-oral cancer than whites, and their incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. The etiologic process very likely involves several factors. The major etiologic agents are tobacco (all types) and alcoholic beverages. Herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus, and Candida have been implicated. Host factors include poor state of dentition, nutritional aberrations, cirrhosis of liver, lichen planus, and immunologic impairmant. Cellular changes include amplification of some oncogenes, alterations in antigen expression, production of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and disturbance of keratin and involucrin production. Experimentally, cancer is readily produced on the hamster cheek pouch and rat oral mucosa. Unlike oral cancer in humans, most experimental lesions are exophytic, and they rarely metastasize.     

蛋白质组学在口腔磷癌研究中的应用进展

蛋白质是生命活动的基本单位,利用蛋白质组学研究方法从总体上对蛋白质组进行分析,可以为口腔癌的早期诊断及早期治疗提供重要的信息。蛋白质组学是近年来发展的一种研究方法,具有高通量、重复性好、灵敏度高等优点,已广泛应用于生命科学领域,在口腔癌中的应用也越来越多,本文对蛋白质组学在口腔癌研究中的应用进行综述。     

Oral cancer detection

There are approximately 21,000 new cases of oral cancer every year. Although the oral cavity is relatively accessible to examination, malignant processes tend to present late with poor prognosis. To improve tumor outcome, early detection and treatment is essential. This article reviews the realms of oral cancer and its causes, as well as early detection methods and screening technologies that may be used. Currently available screening tools may help in visualizing an existing lesion or its borders, but they add little in discriminating between a premalignant, malignant, or inflammatory process.