硫化氢对大鼠心室组织心钠素分泌的影响

目的探讨外源性硫化氢(hydrogensulfide,H2S)对大鼠心室组织心钠素(atrialnatriureticpeptide,ANP)分泌的影响。方法将正常Wistar大鼠的左心室和右心室分别分为对照组和H2S供体组(孵育时加入硫氢化钠,终浓度10-4mol/L),每组各12例,用Krebs液作为孵育液,放入37℃恒温水浴箱中振荡孵育4h,孵育后,用放射免疫法测定孵育液中ANP的含量。结果H2S供体组大鼠左心室和右心室组织孵育液中ANP的含量分别为(16.89±12.85)和(18.25±14.37)ng/gwettissue,对照组分别为(52.05±31.65)和(62.73±41.66)ng/gwettissue,两组相比差异有显著性。结论H2S可以抑制大鼠左右心室组织ANP的分泌。     

川芎嗪注射液对生理状态下大鼠心室组织一氧化氮分泌的影响

目的探讨川芎嗪注射液对生理状态下大鼠心室组织一氧化氮(NO)分泌的影响。方法将正常Wistar大鼠分为对照组和川芎嗪15mg/L组、川芎嗪150mg/L组,每组8例。分别将其左心室和右心室的组织剪碎,用Krebs液作为孵育液,放入37℃恒温水浴箱中振荡孵育4h,孵育后,用分光光度法测定孵育液中NO2-/NO3-。结果与对照组比较,左心室川芎嗪150mg/L组可NO释放减少(P<0.01),而川芎嗪15mg/L组与对照组比较无差异。右心室川芎嗪150mg/L组可促进NO释放(P<0.01),而川芎嗪15mg/L组与对照组比较无差异。结论在生理状态下,川芎嗪可抑制大鼠左心室组织NO释放,促进大鼠右心室组织中NO的释放。     

组织多普勒成像对早期新生儿心室功能的评价

目的 应用组织多普勒成像（TDI）检测新生儿房室环运动，探讨不同胎龄早期新生儿左右心室功能的特点。方法 采用TDI技术检测生后3—7d的36例胎龄32～36周早产儿（早产儿组）和33例足月新生儿（足月儿组）二、三尖瓣环运动，测量收缩期峰值速度（Sa）、舒张早期峰值速度（Ea）及舒张晚期峰值速度（Aa），以脉冲多普勒显像测量舒张期二、三尖瓣口血流E峰及A峰峰值速度。结果 早产儿组各部位Ea、Sa均显著低于足月儿组，早产儿组三尖瓣环Ea／Aa显著低于足月儿组，两组Aa及E／Ea无显著差异；各部位Ea、Sa与胎龄及出生体质量均呈正相关。结论 早产儿左、右室收缩及舒张功能均低于足月儿，早期新生儿心室功能与其出生前成熟程度有关，早产儿及足月新生儿生后早期左室舒张功能均明显增强。     

硫化氢供体对动脉粥样硬化大鼠肾上腺髓质素及心钠素的影响

目的 内源性硫化氢(H2S) 作为心血管调节的新型气体信号分子,在动脉粥样硬化(AS)发生发展中发挥重要保护作用。本研究拟探讨H2S 供体对AS 大鼠肾上腺髓质素(ADM)和心钠素(ANP)的影响。方法 雄性SD 大鼠随机分为对照组、AS 组和AS+NaHS 组。AS 组和AS+NaHS 组大鼠给予连续3 d 腹腔注射维生素D3 及高脂饲料连续喂养8 周。AS+NaHS 组大鼠腹腔注射H2S 供体NaHS。油红O 染色法观察大鼠主动脉根部及冠状动脉斑块面积变化;敏感硫电极法测量血浆H2S 含量;放射免疫法检测血浆ADM 及ANP 含量。结果 与对照组相比,AS 大鼠主动脉根部及冠状动脉可见明显AS 斑块形成,血浆H2S 含量明显降低,ADM 含量升高,ANP 含量明显降低(P2S 含量明显升高,ADM 含量明显降低,ANP 含量显著升高(P结论 H2S 对AS 大鼠血管活性多肽ADM、ANP 具有重要的调节作用。     

一氧化碳对缺氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨一氧化碳（CO）对缺氧性大鼠肺血管平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法 将大鼠随机分为4组：常氧对照组（7只）、低氧组（6只）、低氧＋锌原卟啉组（低氧＋ZnPP组）（6只）及低氧＋低浓度一氧化碳组（低氧＋低浓度CO组）（5只）。应用增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）单克隆抗体、Fas多克隆抗体经免疫组织化学检测技术及原位缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）对大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞进行增殖与凋亡定位及半定量分析。结果 1．低氧＋低浓度CO组肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖指数（PI）明显低于低氧组和低氧＋ZnPP组（P＜0．01）,低氧＋ZnPP组PI高于低氧组（P＜0．01）;2．TUNEL检测低氧＋低浓度CO组凋亡指数（AI）明显高于其余三组（P＜0．01）;3．低氧＋低浓度CO组Fas表达高于其余三组（P＜0．01）;4．低氧＋低浓度CO组PI／AI与常氧对照组PI／AI相近约等于1。结论 CO对缺氧大鼠肺血管平滑肌细胞有抑制增殖和促进凋亡的作用。     

一氧化碳和一氧化氮对热性惊厥大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响

目的：热性惊厥(FS)是小儿时期最常见的惊厥性疾病,反复FS可造成海马神经元的损伤,同时血红素氧合酶(HO)/一氧化碳(CO)系统和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)/一氧化氮(NO)系统明显上调并相互影响。该研究使用HO的抑制剂锌原卟啉Ⅸ(ZnPP-Ⅸ)和NOS的抑制剂Nω硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)对FS时两个系统进行干预,探讨此两个系统对反复FS大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响。方法：采用热水浴诱导大鼠FS,隔日诱导1次,共诱导10次。21日龄SD大鼠随机分为4组对照组,FS组,FS+ZnPP-Ⅸ组,FS+L-NAME组。TUNEL法对各组大鼠海马CA1区神经元进行凋亡检测。结果：FS组大鼠海马CA1区凋亡细胞数较对照组多225%,两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01),FS+ZnPP-Ⅸ组大鼠海马CA1区凋亡细胞数较FS组和对照组分别多62%和425%(均P<0.01),FS+L-NAME组大鼠海马CA1区凋亡细胞数较FS组低38%(P<0.01),较对照组多100%(P<0.05)。结论：反复FS时,外源性给予HO抑制剂ZnPP-Ⅸ可导致海马神经元的凋亡增多,而NOS的抑制剂L-NAME可致海马神经元的凋亡减少,提示HO/CO系统可保护FS神经元的损伤,NOS/NO系统可加重FS神经元的损伤。     

一氧化碳对热性惊厥大鼠海马一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮体系的影响

目的：反复热性惊厥(FS)后血红素氧合酶(HO)/一氧化碳(CO)系统和一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)/一氧化氮(NO)系统上调,但二者相互关系不清。本研究观察HO抑制剂锌原卟啉Ⅸ(ZnPPⅨ)对FS大鼠海马神经元型NOS(nNOS)mRNA和蛋白表达及NO含量的影响,以探讨CO对NOS/NO体系的调节作用。方法：采用热水浴诱导大鼠FS,隔日诱导1次,共诱导10次。发育期大鼠随机分为3组:对照组,FS组,FS+ZnPPⅨ组(均n=16)。分光光度计间接测定血浆CO和NO含量;核酸原位杂交法检测海马nNOSmRNA表达;Westernblot方法检测海马nNOS蛋白含量。结果：反复FS后海马nNOSmRNA和蛋白表达增高。用ZnPPⅨ进行干预后,血浆CO含量下降,海马nNOSmRNA和蛋白表达及血浆NO含量呈现一致性的显著。结论：反复FS时,外源性给予HO抑制剂ZnPPⅨ可可抑制HO/CO系统,降低血浆CO,增加神经元NOS的基因表达及NO含量,提示CO可能下调NOS/NO系统活性。     

缺氧新生儿血浆心钠素的变化及临床意义

测定了３６例缺氧新生儿血浆心钠素（ＡＮＰ）水平及其动态变化，并与４４例正常新生儿对照。结果表明，缺氧新生儿血浆心钠素水平较正常儿升高。并与缺氧程度和缺氧持续时间有关，与肾功能受损的程度有关。ＡＮＰ水平明显升高者，预后极差。检测缺氧新生儿血浆心钠素水平对判断病情及估计预后有一定价值。     

内源性一氧化氮,一氧化碳与新生大鼠感染性休克的实验研究

本文对内源性一氧化氮，一氧化碳在感染性休克中的作用了进行了实验研究。结果表明；感染性休克时ＮＯ水平于绿脓杆菌注射后６小时显著增高。１２小时达到峰值，运用ＮＯ抑制剂美蓝或／和地塞米松于感染性休克模型，显示可显著降低低病死良。且与ＮＯ显著相关。提示ＮＯ与ＣＯ可能作为内源性介质参与感染性休克的发生发展过程．。     

Influence of Dopamine on Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Level in Premature Infants

ABSTRACT. The role of dopamine (DA) in the activation and/or release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was investigated in 11 premature infants during the early postnatal period. Mean plasma concentration of ANP and free DA level before DA infusion was 252.6±210 fmol/ml, and 0.4±0.2 ng/ml, respectively. DA infusion in a dose of 2μg/kg/min caused a rise in plasma free DA level to 59.7±21.5 ng/ml and a significant increase in GFR, diuresis, sodium excretion and fractional sodium excretion. The plasma concentration of ANP, however, remained unchanged (252.6±210.0 vs. 213±143.0 fmol/ml). Thus, our data failed to demonstrate a stimulatory effect of DA on ANP release in premature infants. The role of the high plasma concentration of ANP in preterm neonates immediately after birth has to be clarified.     

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Extracellular Volume Contraction after Birth

ABSTRACT. Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured in full-term newborns immediately after birth and on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th day of life. The ANP concentrations were within the normal range in the first hours of life. Plasma concentrations of ANP had increased significantly on the 3rd and 5th day of life, while body weight decreased continuously. After the 5th day of life ANP concentration decreased continuously reaching its minimum on the 10th day whereas body weight increased. The mechanism behind ANP release shortly after birth is not known. The increase in ANP concentration in plasma may however induce changes in body fluid compartments shortly after birth which would result in physiological weight loss.     

急性心力衰竭患儿血浆脑钠素及心钠素水平的变化

目的探讨急性心力衰竭患儿血浆脑钠素(BNP)及心钠素(ANP)水平变化及其意义。方法选择不同病因的充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患儿46例及肺炎患儿40例、先天性心脏病患儿31例、健康儿童40例,应用酶联免疫吸附法分别检测血浆BNP及ANP水平,用多普勒超声心动图测量心力衰竭患儿心衰期及恢复期心脏指数(CI)及左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果CHF患儿心衰前期BNP即开始升高,心衰时达高峰(P<0.001),恢复期BNP水平渐下降,但仍高于正常值(P<0.001);心衰时心脏CI、LVEF均明显下降(P<0.01);CHF患儿心衰时升高的BNP水平与CI、LVEF均呈明显负相关(r=-0.61,0.79P均<0.05);同时测定的ANP动态变化趋势与BNP类似;CHF患儿心衰时的BNP/ANP比值远远高于正常对照;心衰时BNP与ANP异常率比较有显著差异(P<0.05);心衰时BNP水平与LVEF、CI值相关性优于ANP。结论CHF患儿血清BNP及ANP水平明显升高.且与心衰程度关系密切,BNP反映心脏功能改变较ANP更敏感,更具有特异性。     

The Physiological and Biological Significances of Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Neonates

ABSTRACT. The purpose of our study was to analyze the physiological and biological significances of the high human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) levels during early post-natal period. The absolute values or changes of plasma hANP concentrations did not correlate with the absolute values or changes of body weight, blood pressure, urinary sodium/creatinine and urinary aldosterone/creatinine ratios. Gel permeation chromatography of samples from two neonates revealed the presence of two molecular forms of hANP, α and β, both in the plasma and urine. In the plasma, the β-hANP was predominant on the 3rd day of life and the α-hANP on the 6th day of life. The change from one form to another was independent of the absolute value of hANP. We obtained no evidence suggestive of a physiological role of the high plasma hANP concentration during the early post-natal period. However, because of biological differences between these two fractions, their distribution must be taken into account when attempting to interpret the high hANP values observed in neonates.     

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Renin-Aldosterone Relationship in Healthy Newborn Infants

ABSTRACT. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and aldosterone concentrations, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured by radioimmunoassay concurrently in 20 healthy full term infants, in cord blood, at 24 hours after birth and on the 4th day of life. ANP and aldosterone increased significantly at 24 hours and was persistently elevated on the 4th day of life. PRA remained unchanged during the first four days of life. In cord blood, ANP concentrations were correlated with aldosterone concentrations ( r = 0.49, p <0.05) and hematocrit ( r = 0.58, p <0.02). At the 24 hours of life, plasma ANP concentrations were correlated with weight loss observed on the 4th day of life ( r = -0.70, p <0.005), while the percentage changes in plasma aldosterone concentrations were correlated with percentage changes in systolic blood pressure (BP) ( r = 0.49, p <0.05). These findings suggest that during the early newborn period ANP and aldosterone act as an integrated system which has a role in regulation blood pressure and intravascular volume homeostasis.     

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Atrial Pressures in Newborns with Transposition of the Great Arteries

ABSTRACT. The relation of atrial pressure to atrial plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was studied in four newborns undergoing catheterization because of transposition of the great arteries. In three patients, mean left atrial pressure clearly exceeded right atrial pressure (12±7 vs. 2±3 mmHg; mean ±SD). In one patient mean atrial pressures were identical (4 mmHg). In all patients the ANP concentration in the left atrium exceeded that of the right (833±464 vs. 415±366 pg/ml; mean ±SD). There was a significant ( r =0.97; p < 0.01) correlation between pressure and ANP concentration in the left atria. In the right atria, no linear correlation existed between pressure and ANP concentration. ANP concentration in the left atrium decreased after a lowering of the left atrial pressure by atrial septostomy. In these patients, the left atrium seems to be the main source of circulating ANP.     

慢性充血性心力衰竭患儿血浆儿茶酚胺、心钠素水平的意义

目的探讨慢性充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患儿血浆儿茶酚胺（CA）[包括肾上腺素（E）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）]、心钠素（ANP）水平变化及其与心脏左室功能的关系。方法选择CHF患儿及正常对照组各35例，测定其血浆NE、E及ANP水平，检测左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果1．CHF组治疗前血浆NE、E、ANP水平显著高于正常对照组，二组比较差异有显著性（Pa〈0．01）。2．CHF组治疗前显著高于抗心力衰竭综合治疗心力衰竭好转后血浆NE、E、ANP水平，二组比较差异有显著性（Pa〈0．01）。3．CHF组治疗后血浆NE、E、ANP水平显著高于正常对照组，二组比较差异有统计学意义（Pa〈0．05）。4．CHF组心功能越差，血浆NE、E、ANP升高越明显，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。5．以35例CHF患儿血浆NE、E、ANP为自变量，LVEF为应变量作直线相关分析，显示CHF组血浆NE、E、ANP与LVEF呈显著负相关。结论CA、ANP水平与CHF程度密切相关，心功能下降可能与CA、ANP水平过度生成有关，其可作为评价CHF的指标之一。     

Concentrations of Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in the Cord Blood and the Plasma of the Newborn

ABSTRACT. Concentrations of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) in the cord blood and the plasma were measured in 25 newborns. The level of hANP in 0 to 1 post-natal days (212.8±118.1 pg/ml; mean±SD) was significantly higher than that in cord blood (69.7±53.2 pg/ml) ( p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in the levels of hANP at the ages of 0 to 1, 4 and 6 post-natal days. The level of hANP did not show any significant correlation with urinary excretion of Na, urinary Na/Cr or Na/K ratios. Further evaluations should be made in order to clarify the role of hANP during the early post-natal period.     

Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide during Exchange Transfusion in Premature Infants

ABSTRACT. Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and hemodynamic parameters were investigated in five premature infants undergoing exchange transfusion. Baseline values of ANP were 51.7 ± 21.2 fmol/ml. Volume depletion by withdrawal of 10 ml blood did not cause changes in systolic blood pressure (79.4 ± 4.3 vs. 71.4 ± 5.6 mmHg) and heart rate (115 ± 5.2 vs. 115 ± 2.4 b/min). ANP levels in plasma remained unaltered (53.4 ± 24.9 fmol/ml). Replacement of 10 ml blood increased central venous pressure by 33% and ANP concentration in the plasma by nearly 30%, while heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged. Our data indicate that the heart of the premature infant responded to acute blood replacement with increased ANP-release, while blood removal appeared not to influence hormone regulation.     

Relationship between Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations and Cardio-Thoracic Ratio during the Early Neonatal Period

ABSTRACT. Twenty-seven neonates were examined at 2.6±1.5 hours of age (stage 1) and 21 ±4.9 hours of age (stage 2) to clarify the relationship between cardio-thoracic ratio (CTR) on chest roentgenograms and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration. Among 22 infants who showed elevated plasma ANP, 14 had gained body weight (group A), while 8 other infants had lost weight (group B) at stage 2. The remaining 5 infants had decreased plasma ANP concentrations combined with weight loss at stage 2 (group C). All infants of group B had a patent ductus arteriosus. The plasma ANP concentration and CTR of groups A and B increased during the study period, while those of group C decreased. A linear relation was found between plasma ANP concentration and CTR in all cases (p<0.02). This study indicates that increased plasma levels of ANP are associated with an increased CTR.